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質問 # 28
Which of the following statements is true regarding Fault Tree Analysis? [1]
- A. It is used to target defect-based testing.
- B. It is used to determine the root cause of observed and potential failures.
- C. It is used to select the pairs of items to be used in pairwise testing.
- D. It is a formal technique used to identify the likely effects of risks.
正解：B
解説：
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a technique used to analyze the causes of faults (defects). The technique visually models how logical relationships between failures, human errors, and external events can combine to cause specific faults to disclose1. FTA can help to determine the root cause of observed and potential failures by tracing back the fault events to their initiating causes and identifying the combinations of events that can lead to the fault occurrence2. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because FTA is not used to select the pairs of items to be used in pairwise testing, which is a technique to generate test cases based on the combinations of two input parameters. Option C is incorrect because FTA is not a formal technique used to identify the likely effects of risks, which are uncertain events or conditions that may have a positive or negative impact on the project objectives. Option D is incorrect because FTA is not used to target defect-based testing, which is a testing technique that uses information about the types, causes, and locations of defects discovered in previous projects to guide the selection, creation, and prioritization of test cases. Reference: 1: Fault Tree Analysis | ISTQB Glossary 2: Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Software Testing Genius : ISTQB Glossary, Pairwise Testing : ISTQB Glossary, Risk : ISTQB Glossary, Defect-Based Test Technique : Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Software Testing Genius : Fault Tree Analysis | ISTQB Glossary
質問 # 29
What is the main reason why reviews are especially beneficial in the above-mentioned scenario? 2 credits
- A. They ensure a common understanding of the product.
- B. They enhance project communication.
- C. They find defects early.
- D. They can be performed without exercising the code.
正解：D
質問 # 30
Why might a RAD approach be a better option for the test manager rather than a sequential development? 2 credits
- A. It will allow the marketing, clerical and testing staff to validate and verify the early screen prototypes.
- B. More time can be spent on test execution as less formal documentation is required.
- C. It will extend the development team's abilities and enhance future delivery capabilities.
- D. Time-box constraints will guarantee code releases are delivered on schedule.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 31
Which of the following is the MOST relevant factor to consider when selecting an open source tool? SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. The initial cost of the tool and ongoing annual costs.
- B. The number of testers that will use the tool.
- C. The number of user screens in the tool.
- D. The formal user support available for the tool.
正解：D
質問 # 32
Which test management control option is most appropriate to adopt under these circumstances? 2 credits
- A. Reconsider the exit criteria and review the test plan in the context of the current situation.
- B. Introduce mandatory evening and weekend working to retrieve the 3 week slippage.
- C. Advise the user community regarding the reduced scope of requirements and the additional incremental delivery.
- D. Arrange a meeting with the user community representatives to discuss the user interface.
正解：A
質問 # 33
The development manager is managing the review of the responses received from bidders, and has asked the in-house test manager to provide a review checklist for the test management aspects of the responses. Which of the following checkpoints would be appropriate? 2 credits
- A. The bidder's test policy should enforce that incident management fully conforms to IEEE 1044.
- B. The bidder's test plan shows that the application will be delivered for acceptance in six months time.
- C. The bidder's project strategy shows that the data content of all the test environments conforms to EU standards.
- D. The bidder's project test plan depicts a phased implementation with later delivery dates to be confirmed and states that test deliverables will be developed using IEEE 829 as a guide.
正解：D
質問 # 34
You have replaced informal code reviews with technical reviews for the most complex and critical components, in an attempt to reduce the high number of defects being found during component and integration test levels. The project manager is concerned about the costs of implementing formal reviews and has asked you to measure whether they actually provide a return on investment.
Which three of the following metrics would be MOST effective in helping you to achieve this?
a. Identification of defect clusters across components
b. Number of lines of code reviewed
c. Number of defects found during reviews d Root cause for each defect detected e Post-review cost of detection and internal failure per defect f. Type of review g. Effort to conduct the review including rework
- A. c. e and g.
- B. a, c and d.
- C. b. d and e.
- D. a. f and g.
正解：A
質問 # 35
In a standard defect lifecycle. which of the following states would MOST LIKELY require input or action from a member of the Test team? SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. The'deferred'state.
- B. The'returned' state,
- C. The'cancelled' state.
- D. The 'under investigation' state.
正解：B
質問 # 36
Which testing metric identifies defect density? [1]
- A. Process
- B. Project
- C. Product
- D. People
正解：C
解説：
Defect density is a testing metric that measures the number of defects identified in a component or system divided by the size of the component or system (expressed in standard measurement terms, e.g., lines-of-code, number of classes or function points)1. Defect density is a product metric, as it evaluates the quality or reliability of a software product2. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because project metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software project, such as cost, schedule, effort, scope, or resources3. Option C is incorrect because process metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software process, such as effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, or maturity. Option D is incorrect because people metrics are metrics that measure the characteristics of the software personnel, such as skills, experience, motivation, or satisfaction. Reference: 1: Defect Density | ISTQB Glossary 2: Software Testing Metrics: What is, Types & Example 3: [Project Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals] : [Process Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals] : [People Metrics - Software Testing Fundamentals]
質問 # 37
Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any life cycle model? 1 credit
- A. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.
- B. Some, but not all, development activities have corresponding test activities.
- C. Analysis and design of tests begins as soon as development is completed.
- D. All document reviews involve the development team.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 38
Refer to SCENARIO 2 - You are the test manager for Project 3 and have performed a skills assessment of your Safe as Houses' test team. You must now decide what training or skills development is required.
The matrix shows the skill level (5 being highest, 1 lowest) for each team member. Which two of the above skills need the closest attention for potential training or development on this project?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Integration testing and Knowledge of Light Imagery software.
- B. Knowledge of Light Imagery software and Test control.
- C. Performance testing & Test planning for incremental life-cycles.
- D. Acceptance testing and Knowledge of Light Imagery software.
正解：B
質問 # 39
Explain how the above mentioned report may differ from a report that you produce for the project manager, who is a test specialist Select TWO items from the following options that can be used to report to the project manager and would not be included in a report to senior management. 1 credit
- A. Give product risk status
- B. Show trend analysis
- C. List of all outstanding defects with their priority and severity
- D. Show details on effort spent
- E. State recommendations for release
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 40
You are about to release a test progress report to a senior manager, who is not a test specialist. Which of the following topics should NOT be included in the test progress report? 1 credit
- A. Product risks which have been mitigated and those which are outstanding.
- B. Detailed overview of the risk-based test approach being used to ensure the exit criteria to be achieved
- C. Status compared against the started exit criteria
- D. Recommendations for taking controlling actions
正解：B
質問 # 41
You tend to be conservative in your project estimations because you know how many things can go wrong and extend the schedule. You manager is not happy with your estimates and thinks you are being too negative with your numbers and not trying hard enough Which estimation method should you use to provide your manager with a positive' number while still also providing the number you think is more realistic?
- A. Planning poker
- B. Wideband defphi
- C. Extrapolation
- D. Three-point estimation
正解：D
解説：
Context Analysis:
The manager perceives conservative estimates as overly negative. The goal is to balance optimism with realism to satisfy both the team and the manager.
Three-point estimation provides a range of estimates: optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely, addressing the need for a positive yet realistic projection.
Evaluation of Options:
A . Wideband Delphi:
Involves group-based estimation using consensus techniques. While reliable, it does not explicitly offer optimistic vs. realistic estimates.
B . Planning Poker:
Often used in Agile projects, this technique involves relative estimation but does not inherently provide optimistic and pessimistic figures.
C . Three-point estimation:
Correct. Combines optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic estimates to calculate a weighted average. This allows presentation of both realistic and "positive" numbers to the manager.
D . Extrapolation:
Based on past data trends but does not offer a range of estimates or a way to address manager concerns directly.
Syllabus Alignment:
The ISTQB syllabus mentions estimation methods like three-point estimation as effective techniques for providing balanced and transparent project timelines (TM-2.2.1).
Reference:
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus
質問 # 42
Which of the following product risks would be most effectively addressed just by static testing? 3 credits
- A. The successful bidder may not deliver all the required functionality on time.
- B. The test cases do not cover the key requirements.
- C. In the delivered application, one of the countries, as specified in the requirements, has not been correctly implemented.
- D. The application takes too long to process a request for additional cover.
正解：B
質問 # 43
You are a Test Manager on a new project. The software that is being created will be used to control the projectors in movie theaters. This is a time critical project because the software must be released before the Christmas holiday season which has the highest movie attendance of the year.
You have decided to implement a review process for the work products that are a part of this release to save both time and money. In order to expedite the training, you brought in a consultant to train the participants and moderators in proper review processes. Your team is enthusiastic about participating in the reviews.
The project is in the early planning stages. As the review leader, what is an appropriate activity for you to be doing at this point in the project? [3]
- A. Calculating the ROI for the review process
- B. Gathering metrics to determine the success of the review process
- C. Setting a minimum number of defects to be identified in each review
- D. Selecting the review items and the appropriate review type
正解：D
質問 # 44
Part of the testing strategy indicates that you are going to be using systematic test design techniques. Your manager has asked that you present the main advantages of using these techniques at the next board meeting. Identify THREE main benefits of using systematic test design techniques within this company. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)
- A. Will reduce the need for early reviews
- B. More enhanced documentation and therefore higher repeatability and reproducibility
- C. Easier to quickly adapt testing to changing requirements compared to experienced-based testing
- D. Provides a way to differentiate depth of testing based on product risks by using different techniques
- E. Will make non-systematic testing redundant
- F. Will guide experienced testers to find defects
- G. Targets certain types of faults
正解：B、D、G
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 45
Part of the testing strategy indicates that you are going to be using systematic test design techniques. Your manager has asked that you present the main advantages of using these techniques at the next board meeting. Identify THREE main benefits of using systematic test design techniques within this company. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)
- A. Will reduce the need for early reviews
- B. More enhanced documentation and therefore higher repeatability and reproducibility
- C. Easier to quickly adapt testing to changing requirements compared to experienced-based testing
- D. Provides a way to differentiate depth of testing based on product risks by using different techniques
- E. Will make non-systematic testing redundant
- F. Will guide experienced testers to find defects
- G. Targets certain types of faults
正解：B、D、G
質問 # 46
Which of the following can demotivate a tester? [1]
- A. Receiving direct and honest feedback on areas to improve
- B. Working extra hours, resulting in a successful product deployment
- C. When testing is cut short, resulting in a high number of production defects
- D. When metrics indicate weaknesses in their testing
正解：C
解説：
This can demotivate a tester because it implies that the tester's work is not valued or respected by the management or the stakeholders. It also suggests that the tester's efforts and skills are wasted or ineffective, as the product quality is compromised and the customer satisfaction is reduced. Testing is cut short when there is insufficient time, budget, or resources allocated for testing, or when there is pressure to release the product without adequate testing. This can lead to frustration, dissatisfaction, and loss of confidence among the testers. Top 6 things that demotivate a developerHow to Demotivate Your Best Employees References:
* Top 6 things that demotivate a developer - Amsterdam Standard
* How to Demotivate Your Best Employees - HBS Working Knowledge
質問 # 47
Which aspect in the test estimate is the main risk in this project? 1 credit
- A. The costs of hardware and tools
- B. Unknown input quality due to third party development
- C. Quality of the specification
- D. Availability of end-users
正解：B
解説：
Topic 8, Scenario 8, V2 "Test Proems Improvement'
You have raised the issue that improving the testing process is also dependent on the status of the software development process.
質問 # 48
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