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PDF試験材料2024年最新の実際に出るCTAL-TM-001問題集
質問 # 15
In addition to introducing the new team member, you have decided to raise motivation. Which of the measures listed below would be the best measure to take in order to increase the motivation of the team? 2 credits
- A. Introduce entry criteria to the testing phase
- B. Organize a meeting with senior management in which they address the importance of good testing for this project
- C. Allow people to take some time off
- D. Provide more time for testing in the schedule
正解：B
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 16
Which of the following is NOT a typical key challenge for testing in a RAD based development approach? 1 credit
- A. Time-boxing
- B. Project management and control
- C. Re-usable test scripts for (automated) regression testing
- D. No complete requirements specification
正解：B
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 17
The test improvement project will take place in an organization developing a safety-critical avionics application. Which one of the following standards do you believe would be most appropriate to take into account for compliance during your assignment? 1 credit
- A. DO-178B
- B. ISO 9126
- C. IEEE 829
- D. BS 7925/2
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 18
Evaluate the status of the project against the defined exit criteria. Which of the following options shows the correct status? 2 credits
- A. Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK
- B. Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = OK
- C. Criteria A = OK, criteria B = OK, criteria C = OK
- D. Criteria A = OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK
正解：B
質問 # 19
You are the Test Manager of a four-person test team working for a small distribution company with a single warehouse. Your team has been working with a third party development team on a new inventory management system. The company expects this system to generate approximately one million dollars per annum in profits for the company. Early in the project, various risks were identified, and steps taken to mitigate those risks.
For example, you sent your test team for training on the new system, and upgraded the test environment. There are still some lingering risks that have not been addressed, but they have been determined to have a low chance of occurring, with minimal impact if they do occur.
What would be the best option to mitigate these remaining risks? [3]
- A. Note the risks, and ignore them for now.
- B. Create a cross-functional team to work to reduce the impact and likelihood of these risks coming to fruition.
- C. Contract with the Risk Protection Insurance company to assume these risks at a cost of $500,000 per annum.
- D. Redo the project test plan to add additional testing for these risk items.
正解：B
解説：
Creating a cross-functional team to address the remaining risks is the best option, as it actively involves various stakeholders in the mitigation process. This approach allows for diverse perspectives and expertise to be applied to reduce both the likelihood of the risks occurring and their potential impact, without incurring excessive costs or ignoring the risks altogether.
References:The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus and related documents emphasize the importance of risk management throughout the testing process. It suggests that forming teams to address risks can be an effective strategy, as it leverages collective knowledge and resources to mitigate risks in a cost-effective manner
質問 # 20
A test log is one of the documents that need to be produced in this domain in order to provide evidence of testing. However, the level of detail of test logs can vary. Which of the following is NOT an influencing factor for the level of detail of the test logs being produced? 1 credit
- A. Experience level of testers
- B. Level of test execution automation
- C. Regulatory requirements
- D. Test level
正解：A
質問 # 21
Instead of having an independent test team within the company, the company is considering to outsource testing. What are THREE key challenges that are typical for outsourcing? 1 credit
- A. Define expectation for tasks and deliverables
- B. Clear channels of communications
- C. Audit trail from requirements to test cases
- D. Possibly different cultures
- E. Testing of non-functional requirements
- F. Test environment more complex
- G. Applying test automation
正解：A、B、D
解説：
Topic 7, Scenario 7 "Test Estimation"
You have been contracted to manage the acceptance testing of a new computer-based reservation system for a travel agency. You have provided an approximate budget estimate for the testing project based on previous experience with similar sized projects. However, the management of the parent company of the travel agency will not commit to the budget until detailed cost estimates are provided.
The reservation system is being developed by a third party However, detailed specifications of the software are available, as well as an estimate of the total effort that will be spent in developing the software. The software is to be delivered in four increments, and the functionality to be delivered in each increment has already been agreed on.
質問 # 22
Which of the following team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team and why? 2 credits
- A. A person who brings new ideas to the team
- B. A quality assurance officer
- C. A person with in-depth technical skills
- D. A person with the ability to complete tasks
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 23
Your test team is in the process of completing final regression testing one week before the release date. One of your staff has just uncovered a critical defect that causes data corruption.
What should you do? [2]
- A. Update the weekly status charts and change the project status to red
- B. Update the risks in your test plan to cover data corruption issues and update your test cases to be sure you test for this in the future
- C. Write a high priority defect and follow the escalation communication plan as defined in your test plan
- D. Write a high priority defect and call the business stakeholders to warn them about it
正解：C
解説：
The best action that you should take in this situation is to write a high priority defect and follow the escalation communication plan as defined in your test plan. This is because a critical defect that causes data corruption is a serious issue that can affect the quality, functionality, and reliability of the system, and it needs to be reported and resolved as soon as possible. By writing a high priority defect, you can document the details and the impact of the defect, and alert the development team and the project manager about it. By following the escalation communication plan, you can ensure that the defect is communicated to the appropriate stakeholders, such as the business sponsors, the customers, or the senior management, in a timely and effective manner, and that the necessary actions are taken to address the defect. Defect Reporting - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Defect Reporting - ISTQB not-for-profit association
質問 # 24
Which of the following is a valid drawback of independent testing? 1 credit
- A. Independent testers need extra education and always cost more.
- B. Developers loose the sense of responsibility and independent testers may become a bottleneck.
- C. Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.
- D. Independent testers will become a bottleneck and introduce problems in incident management.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 25
Why might a RAD approach be a better option for the test manager rather than a sequential development? 2 credits
- A. Time-box constraints will guarantee code releases are delivered on schedule.
- B. It will extend the development team's abilities and enhance future delivery capabilities.
- C. It will allow the marketing, clerical and testing staff to validate and verify the early screen prototypes.
- D. More time can be spent on test execution as less formal documentation is required.
正解：C
質問 # 26
Your company just won a contract to create a new sales application and has committed to a very aggressive delivery timeline. Due to the quick turnaround your primary stakeholder wants to be heavily involved in the design and is very anxious to see the outcome. Because of this, your company has decided to use a spiral development approach. You have a defined test policy and typically use an analytical approach to testing, however, this approach will not work with the development approach.
What test strategy should be utilized? [3]
- A. Model-based
- B. Reactive
- C. Methodical
- D. Standard-compliant
正解：B
解説：
A reactive test strategy is a test strategy that uses the actual behavior and results of the software under test to design and execute tests, without prior knowledge or documentation of the software1. A reactive test strategy should be utilized for a project that uses a spiral development approach, which is a type of iterative/incremental approach that adds risk analysis and prototyping activities to each iteration2. A reactive test strategy is suitable for a spiral development approach because it allows for flexibility, adaptability, and creativity in the testing process, as well as for early feedback, risk reduction, and continuous improvement in the software development process3. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because a model-based test strategy is a test strategy that uses models to represent the desired behavior and structure of the software under test, and to derive test cases, test data, test procedures, and test oracles. A model-based test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the availability and stability of the models, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test. Option B is incorrect because a methodical test strategy is a test strategy that uses predefined test methods, techniques, and procedures to design and execute tests, such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, or decision table testing. A methodical test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the availability and stability of the test basis, such as the requirements, specifications, or design documents, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test. Option C is incorrect because a standard-compliant test strategy is a test strategy that follows a predefined set of standards, guidelines, or regulations to design and execute tests, such as ISO, IEEE, or CMMI. A standard-compliant test strategy may not work well with a spiral development approach, as it requires the compliance and consistency of the testing process, which may not be the case in a spiral development approach that involves frequent changes and refinements of the software under test. References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Reactive Test Strategy 2:
ISTQB Glossary, Spiral Model 3: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.1.1 : Spiral Model in Software Development Life Cycle - Software Testing Material : Spiral Model - Tools QA : Strategic Test Management - ISTQB not-for-profit association : ISTQB Glossary, Model-Based Testing : ISTQB Glossary, Methodical Test Strategy : ISTQB Glossary, Standard-Compliant Test Strategy : ISTQB Foundation Level #39 - Test Approach and Strategy - Software Testing Mentor
質問 # 27
Risks should be constantly reviewed. Given the current situation, which one of the following factors is most likely to lead to a revised view of product risk? 3 credits
- A. The method used for test estimation is not accurate enough and hence the money spent on testing exceeded its budget.
- B. The delivery of the application without the interface changes may upset the user community.
- C. The concerns over the user interface may lead to changes to the interface which cannot be implemented by development in time for the second test iteration.
- D. The concerns over the user interface raises the likelihood of a risk in that area and increases the amount of test effort needed for the user interface, thereby limiting the test effort available for other parts of the test management tool.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 28
You are a new Test Manager on a maintenance release for an existing mature product that is expected to be retired in the not too distant future. The previous release had utilized a performance regression test suite written in an in-house custom tool using the same programming language as the product itself. This suite will most likely require tweaking to ensure it works with the new version of the product. While there are several members in the performance testing team, the original author of the performance testing tool has moved on to another company, and none of the remaining staff have a great deal of familiarity with the performance test scripts used to test this product.
How would you recommend this scenario be addressed? [3]
- A. Leverage the development team to fill any knowledge gaps in the in-house tool.
- B. Make the in-house tool available to the open source community.
- C. Reduce the scope of the product testing to exclude performance testing.
- D. Retire the in-house tool and switch to a vendor supported tool for performance testing.
正解：A
解説：
The best option to address this scenario is to leverage the development team to fill any knowledge gaps in the in-house tool. This option allows the test team to reuse the existing performance test suite and avoid the risks and costs of switching to a new tool or excluding performance testing altogether. The development team can provide support and guidance to the test team on how to use and modify the in-house tool, since it is written in the same programming language as the product itself. This option also preserves the intellectual property of the organization and does not expose the in-house tool to the open source community. ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager SyllabusAdvanced Software Testing - Vol. 2 References:
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus
* Advanced Software Testing - Vol. 2, 2nd Edition
質問 # 29
Consider the typical objectives of testing. Which of the following metrics can be used to measure the effectiveness of the testing process in achieving one of those objectives? 1 credit
- A. Percentage of requirements covered
- B. Average number of days between defect discovery and resolution
- C. Lines of code written per developer per day
- D. Percentage of test effort spent on regression testing
正解：A
質問 # 30
Your last project was released three months ago and used a risk-based approach. In production, a number of serious failures in low risk areas have occurred.
What is the most important lesson to be learned from this information? [2]
- A. The "lessons learned" session should have been conducted prior to deployment.
- B. The project manager should have set stakeholder expectations for serious failures.
- C. A broader cross-functional team should contribute to the risk analysis.
- D. Future projects should test the lower risk areas first.
正解：C
解説：
The most important lesson to be learned from this information is that a broader cross-functional team should contribute to the risk analysis. This is because the risk analysis is the process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the risks that may affect the quality of the system, and allocating testing resources accordingly. A broader cross-functional team can provide different perspectives, expertise, and experience to the risk analysis, and help to identify and evaluate the risks more accurately and comprehensively. This can reduce the likelihood of overlooking or underestimating some risks, and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk-based testing approach. Risk Analysis - ISTQB not-for-profit association References: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Risk Analysis - ISTQB not-for-profit association
質問 # 31
As part of the test strategy, entry and exit criteria will be defined for each test level. Which is NOT a valid reason for using entry and exit criteria? 1 credit
- A. The expectation is that development testing is not adequate.
- B. Using entry and exit criteria will prevent software that is not or poorly tested from going to the next test level.
- C. Exit criteria are used to decide on when to stop testing.
- D. Entry and exit criteria are a principal way for getting adequate resources.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
質問 # 32
You are managing a project that will be using a model-based testing strategy.
Which of the following is an activity that will be needed in order to implement this strategy? [1]
- A. Conduct operational profiling to determine the expected usage of the system.
- B. Select an appropriate quality standard, such as ISO 9126, to be used to guide the testing.
- C. Conduct a quality risk analysis with all affected stakeholders.
- D. Create the test charters for the exploratory testing sessions.
正解：B
解説：
A model-based testing strategy is a testing strategy that uses models to represent the desired behavior and structure of the system under test, and to derive test cases, test data, test procedures, and test oracles1. A model-based testing strategy requires an activity to select an appropriate quality standard, such as ISO 9126, to be used to guide the testing. A quality standard is a set of criteria, guidelines, or characteristics that define the quality attributes of a software product, such as functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability2. A quality standard can help to define the quality requirements, objectives, and measures for the system under test, and to evaluate the quality of the test results and the test process3. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because conducting a quality risk analysis with all affectedstakeholders is not an activity specific to a model-based testing strategy, but rather a general testing activity that can be applied to any testing strategy. A quality risk analysis is a process of identifying and assessing the quality risks that may affect the system under test, and prioritizing them based on their impact and likelihood4. Option B is incorrect because conducting operational profiling to determine the expected usage of the system is not an activity specific to a model-based testing strategy, but rather an activity related to a usage-based testing strategy. An operational profile is a statistical representation of the relative frequencies of the inputs, operations, and operating conditions of a system in its operational environment. Option D is incorrect because creating the test charters for the exploratory testing sessions is not an activity specific to a model-based testing strategy, but rather an activity related to an exploratory testing strategy. A test charter is a document that defines the scope, objective, and approach of an exploratory testing session. References: 1:
ISTQB Glossary, Model-Based Testing 2: ISTQB Glossary, Quality Standard 3: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 1.3.1 4: ISTQB Glossary, Quality Risk Analysis : ISTQB Glossary, Operational Profile : ISTQB Glossary, Test Charter : Model-Based Tester - ISTQB not-for-profit association : ISTQB Model-Based Testing Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB ... : ISTQB - ABOUT MODEL-BASED TESTER EXT. : ISTQB Certified Tester - Model-Based Tester (CT-MBT)
質問 # 33
A number of options have been suggested for the level of independence to be employed for the testing on the next project, and are shown below.
i. External test specialists perform non-functional testing.
ii. Testing is outsourced.
iii. Testing is carried out by the developer.
iv.
A separate test team carries out the testing.
v.Testing is performed by the business.
vi. Testing is performed by a different developer.
Which of the following orders the above in a correct order of independence? 1 credit
- A. ii, i, v, vi
- B. i, iv, v, vi
- C. i, ii, iv, vi
- D. ii, v, i, iii
正解：A
質問 # 34
What is the purpose of tracking efficiency metrics for a formal review? [1]
- A. These metrics can be used to determine the quality of the reviewed object.
- B. These metrics can be used to determine who participated in the review.
- C. These metrics can be used to determine if the review was a good use of resources.
- D. These metrics can be used to determine the speed with which defects were fixed.
正解：C
解説：
Efficiency metrics for a formal review are used to measure the cost-effectiveness of the review process, such as the time spent on the review, the number of defects found, and the return on investment1. These metrics can help to evaluate if the review was a good use of resources, such as human effort, money, and tools. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because efficiency metrics do not track who participated in the review, but rather how they performed. Option C is incorrect because efficiency metrics do not measure the quality of the reviewed object, but rather the quality of the review process. Option D is incorrect because efficiency metrics do not measure the speed with which defects were fixed, but rather the speed with which defects were detected. References: 1: How to manage formal reviews & management audits? Skills, metrics ...
質問 # 35
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