PECB ISO-9001-Lead-Auditor試験問題（更新されたのは2026年）100%リアル問題解答
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PECB ISO-9001-Lead-Auditor 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 24
Scenario 7: POLKA is a car manufacturing company based in Stockholm, Sweden. The company has around 14,000 employees working in different sectors which help with the design, painting, assembling, and test drives of the final product. The company is widely known for its qualitative products and affordable prices. In order to retain their reputation, POLKA implemented a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001.
Before applying for certification, the company decided to conduct an internal audit to check whether there are any nonconformities in their QMS and if the requirements of ISO 9001 are being fulfilled.
The top management appointed Sean, the internal auditor, as the team leader of the internal audit team. Sean required from the top management to have unrestricted access to the employees and executives of POLKA and to the documented information. Furthermore, Sean required to establish a team with a large number of auditors, considering the size and the complexity of the organization. The top management of POLKA agreed with Sean's requirements.
The top management, in cooperation with Sean, assigned 10 more employees to the audit team.
Following that. Sean planned the audit activities and assigned the roles and responsibilities to each auditor. They began by interviewing employees of different manufacturing departments to check whether they are aware of the process of the QMS implementation. While conducting these activities, one of the auditors asked Sean for permission to audit the department in which he worked on a daily basis, as he was very familiar with the processes of the department.
Along the way, the teams findings showed that the staff were trained, documented information was updated, and the QMS fulfilled the requirements of ISO 9001. The internal audit took three weeks to complete, and on the last week the audit team held a final meeting The team shared their results and together drafted the audit report This report was submitted to the top management of the company. The report was maintained as documented information, and was available to the relevant interested parties.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
According to Scenario 7, one of the auditors requested permission from Sean to audit the department in which he worked on a daily basis. Should Sean grant the auditor permission?
- A. Yes, Sean should grant the auditor permission
- B. No, internal auditors should be independent of the processes being audited
- C. Yes, but Sean himself must be present in every audit activity
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:ISO 19011:2018, Clause 5.1 (Impartiality) states that:
* Internal auditors must be independent of the processes they audit to ensure objectivity.
* Auditing one's own department introduces bias and is not permitted.
Thus, Sean must not allow the auditor to audit their own department.
質問 # 25
XYZ Corporation is an organisation that employs 100 people. As the audit team leader, you conduct a certification audit at Stage 1. When reviewing the quality management system (QMS), you find that the objectives have been defined by an external consultant using those of a competitor, but nothing is documented.
The Quality Manager complains that this has created a lot of resistance to the QMS, and the Chief Executive is asking questions about how much it will cost.
Which two options describe the circumstances in which you could raise a nonconformity against clause 6.2 of ISO 9001?
- A. Establishing quality objectives did not include top management.
- B. The consultant has not interpreted ISO 9001 correctly.
- C. The organisation cannot afford to undertake quality objectives all at once.
- D. Quality objectives are not maintained as documented information.
- E. Quality objectives are not being implemented by the organisations' personnel.
- F. Quality objectives were not established in alignment with the organisation's quality policy.
正解：D、F
解説：
According to ISO 9001:2015, clause 6.2.1, the organization is required to establish quality objectives at relevant functions, levels, and processes for the quality management system (QMS). The quality objectives must be consistent with the quality policy, measurable, monitored, communicated, and updated as appropriate.
The organization is also required to maintain documented information on the quality objectives, as per clause
7.5.1.
Therefore, in the scenario given, the quality objectives defined by the external consultant are not in alignment with the organization's quality policy, as they are based on those of a competitor, rather than the organization's own purpose, strategic direction, and customer requirements. This creates a mismatch between the organization's vision and goals, and the quality objectives that are supposed to guide and measure the QMS performance. Moreover, the quality objectives are not maintained as documented information, which makes it difficult to communicate, monitor, and update them, as well as to demonstrate evidence of their implementation and achievement.
Hence, the circumstances in which a nonconformity against clause 6.2 of ISO 9001 could be raised are B and C, as they indicate a failure to comply with the requirements of clause 6.2.1. The other options are either irrelevant or not directly related to clause 6.2, as they do not pertain to the establishment and documentation of quality objectives.
References:
ISO 9001:2015(en), Quality management systems - Requirements, clause 6.2.1 and 7.5.1 ISO 19011:2018(en), Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.4.4 and 6.7.2 ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Training Course | IRCA Certified | BSI, section "Learning objectives" ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Course Material | 3FOLD Education Centre, module 5 and 6
質問 # 26
An organisation wants to certify their ISO 9001:2015-based QMS for the first time. Arrange the activities in the correct sequence from 2 to 5.
To complete the sequence, click on the blank section you want to complete so it is highlighted in red and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, drag and drop the options to the appropriate blank section.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
To certify an organization's ISO 9001:2015-based Quality Management System (QMS) for the first time, the correct sequence of activities would be:
* Establish the management system (already in place).
* Supplier audit
* Internal audit
* Management review
* Initial certification audit - stage 1
* Initial certification audit - stage 2 (already in place).
This sequence follows the typical path for preparing and ensuring that a QMS is functioning as required, leading up to certification.
質問 # 27
You are carrying out an audit at a single-site organisation seeking certification to ISO 9001 for the first time.
The organization manufactures cosmetics for major retailers.
You are interviewing the Manufacturing Manager (MM).
You: "I would like to begin by looking at the cleaning controls."
MM: "We record the cleaning of the equipment at the end of every batch. This document details the minimum cleaning frequency and the procedures to follow for all areas and each item of equipment. The person who carries out the cleaning puts their initial on the document and records the time and date alongside." Narrative: You sample production records over 3-days and note down evidence of nonconformity as per the table below.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Nonconformity report
ISO 9001 Clause Number: 8.5.4 Nature of problem: Cleaning and sanitising records are not available for every batch. ISO 9001 requirement that has not been fulfilled: ISO 9001 - "The organization shall implement planned arrangements, at appropriate stages, to verify that the product requirements have been met." Evidence: 40 cleaning records are available for 63 batches.
質問 # 28
You, as auditor, are in dialogue with the quality lead and managing director of a small business that supplies specialist laboratory equipment and furniture.
You: "I'd like to look at how you manage change in the organisation. What changes have you made as a business, say, over the last 12 months?" Auditee: "We have made some strategic changes, the main one being that we no longer manufacture our own products in house." You: "That sounds like quite a significant change. What has been the impact of that?" Auditee: "We now mainly sell other manufacturers' products, under their brand names, and have outsourced manufacture of our own brand products to one of our suppliers. Unfortunately, we had to make six members of our staff redundant. This represents about 20% of our workforce, so this has been quite a challenging time." You: "I'm sure. What were the reasons for making the change?" Auditee: "Our manufacturing section was a small operation, and we struggled to cope with fluctuations in demand. During busy periods, we found it hard to meet lead times, and in quiet periods we had staff with little to do. This was having an impact on customer satisfaction and meant we had to charge premium prices that made our product uncompetitive." You: "How did you go about the change?" In relation to the auditor's question about how the change was managed, the auditee mentions the steps listed below. Match the ISO 9001 clauses to the steps.
To complete the table, click on the blank section you want to complete so it is highlighted in red and then click on the ISO 9001 clauses listed below. Alternatively, drag and drop each clause to show which step the requirement applies to.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Here is the correct matching of ISO 9001:2015 clauses to the steps mentioned in the change management process:
We identified risks and opportunities and fed these into our risk management processes.
Clause 6.1 (Actions to address risks and opportunities)
We found a suitable supplier.
Clause 8.4 (Control of externally provided processes, products, and services) We monitored customer feedback and noticed an increase in negative feedback about lead times.
Clause 9.1.2 (Customer satisfaction)
We put together a plan for implementation.
Clause 6.2.2 (Planning to achieve quality objectives)
We monitored the performance of the new supplier.
Clause 8.4.2 (Type and extent of control of external providers)
We noticed that productivity targets were being missed.
Clause 9.1.1 (Monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation)
We communicated the plan internally.
Clause 7.4 (Communication)
We looked at the data at the management review and decided we needed to do something different.
Clause 9.3.2 (Management review inputs)
We reorganised the staffing and implemented redundancies.
Clause 7.1.2 (People)
We set an objective to effectively implement the transition and outsource manufacturing.
Clause 6.2.1 (Quality objectives and planning to achieve them)
This aligns the steps of the change process with relevant ISO 9001:2015 clauses related to risk, planning, communication, and monitoring.
質問 # 29
You are auditing an organisation that has been certificated to ISO 9001 for ten years. The organisation is a privately-owned, multi-site car tyre fitting organisation. You are auditing one of the sites. You are auditing the car tyre fitting service. You are interviewing the Site Manager (SM).
You: "Would you explain the car tyre fitting service?"
SM: "Of course. Customers typically call us by phone with their requirements. We ask them what they want.
We check whether we have the tyres
they need in stock. If we don't have the tyres in stock, we contact our supplier to confirm when they would be able to supply the tyres. We then determine the cost. We then check what availability we have in our busy schedule to fit the new tyres. We then inform the customer with details of cost and when we can fit the tyres. If the customer is happy to proceed with the booking, we update our Work Schedule. The same process applies for customers who walk into our office and for online requests." You: "What information do you retain should there be a defect reported by a manufacturer of tyres that you have fitted?" SM: "We maintain records of customer names, addresses and contact phone numbers. We maintain a record of the type of tyre fitted and the tyre manufacturers batch information. We also maintain a record of the registration numbers of the vehicles we have fitted tyres to. All records are in our Work Schedule." Which two of the following options you would take to enable you to gather further audit evidence to validate what the Site Manager has told you?
- A. Interview a customer to determine how satisfied they are with the service.
- B. Review the training record of the site manager.
- C. Interview a tyre fitter to determine the type and batch of each tyre fitted to a car.
- D. Interview a tyre fitter to determine how long they have worked for the organisation.
- E. Review the Work Schedule dated three years ago and verify what information has been recorded.
- F. Review the Work Schedule for the past three weeks and verify what information has been recorded.
正解：C、F
質問 # 30
Scenario 2:
Bell is a Canadian food manufacturing company that operates globally. Their main products include nuts, dried fruits, and confections. Bell has always prioritized product quality and has maintained a good reputation for many years. However, the company's production error rate increased significantly, leading to more customer complaints.
To increase efficiency and customer satisfaction, Bell implemented a Quality Management System (QMS) based on ISO 9001. The top management established a QMS implementation team comprising five middle managers from various departments, including Leslie, the quality manager.
Leslie was responsible for assigning responsibilities and authorities for QMS-related roles. He also suggested including a top management representative in the QMS team, but top management declined due to other priorities.
The team defined the QMS scope as:
"The scope of the QMS includes all activities related to food processing." Leslie established a quality policy and presented it to the team for review before top management approval
. Top management also proposed a new strategy for handling customer complaints, requiring biweekly customer surveys to monitor customer perceptions.
In scenario 2, the team determined the QMS scope by taking into account only the requirements of top management. Is this compliant with ISO 9001?
- A. No, the QMS scope must take into account only those directly involved in QMS implementation.
- B. Yes, ISO 9001 does not specify whether any interested party should be considered when determining QMS scope.
- C. No, the QMS scope must be determined by considering the needs and expectations of relevant interested parties.
- D. Yes, as long as the top management defines the scope, it meets ISO 9001 requirements.
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 4.3 (Determining the Scope of the Quality Management System) states that when determining the QMS scope, an organization must consider:
* External and internal issues (Clause 4.1)
* The needs and expectations of interested parties (Clause 4.2)
* The products and services provided by the organization
In the scenario, Bell only considered top management's input, which fails to address Clause 4.2 (interested parties' expectations)-such as customers, suppliers, and regulatory authorities.
Reference:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 4.3 - Determining the Scope of the QMS
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 4.2 - Understanding the Needs and Expectations of Interested Parties
質問 # 31
Auditor competence is a combination of knowledge and skills. Which two of the following activities are predominately related to 'knowledge'?
- A. Conduct audit meetings
- B. Evaluate proposals of corrective actions
- C. Identify findings
- D. Determine how to seek evidence from the auditee
- E. Determining what evidence to gather
- F. Communicate with the auditee
正解：B、E
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
According to ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems, which is referenced in ISO
9001 Lead Auditor training and practice, auditor competence is defined by a combination of knowledge, skills, and personal attributes. Here's how each selected option aligns:
D). Determining what evidence to gather: This activity is rooted in knowledge of audit principles, criteria, and risk-based thinking. It requires an understanding of which types of evidence (documents, records, interviews, observations) are necessary to evaluate conformity to the audit criteria (Clause 7.2.3 of ISO 19011:2018).
E). Evaluate proposals of corrective actions: This task involves applying knowledge of ISO 9001 requirements, root cause analysis methods, and risk controls to assess whether proposed actions are suitable to prevent recurrence. It demands comprehension of quality management principles and corrective action methodologies, linking it firmly to knowledge.
Other options such as A (Communicate with auditee) and B (Conduct audit meetings) are predominantly skills-based, requiring interpersonal and communication abilities, not theoretical or regulatory knowledge.
C (Determine how to seek evidence) and F (Identify findings) involve both knowledge and skill but are more action-oriented and tied to situational judgment and auditor behavior.
References:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 7.2.3 - Establishing Auditor Competence
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 9.2 - Internal Audit
ISO 19011:2018, Annex A.1 - Knowledge and skills of auditors
質問 # 32
Consultancy ABC, which is a subsidiary of a certification body called ABC-CERT, provided consultancy services regarding the implementation of a QMS based on ISO 9001 to an organization.
Considering this, can ABC-CERT provide certification services to the organization which obtained consultancy services from Consultancy ABC?
- A. Yes, if both parties sign an agreement which states that previous services by Consultancy ABC will not impact the judgment of auditors.
- B. No, ABC-CERT is not allowed to provide certification services to that organization ever, as this would be a conflict of interest.
- C. Yes, after a minimum period of two years has passed.
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Certification bodies must remain independent and impartial. If a certification body (ABC-CERT) provides consulting services to an organization through its subsidiary (Consultancy ABC), it cannot later certify the same organization.
Clause References:
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 5.2.5 - Impartiality Requirements:
* A certification body must not certify an organization to which it has provided consultancy services.
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 5.2.6:
* Subsidiaries of certification bodies must not provide consulting services to prevent conflicts of interest.
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* Certifying a client after providing consultancy creates a conflict of interest and violates ISO/IEC
17021-1:2015 impartiality rules.
* The certification body (ABC-CERT) and consultancy firm (Consultancy ABC) are related entities
, making it impossible to remain objective and independent.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Waiting two years) # ISO does not specify a time frame; the issue is impartiality, not just time.
* B (Signing an agreement to ensure objectivity) # Conflicts of interest cannot be resolved through an agreement; independence is required.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 5.2.5 - Impartiality Requirements
質問 # 33
An audit team of three people is conducting a Stage 2 audit to ISO 9001 of an engineering organisation that manufactures sacrificial anodes for the oll and gas industry in marine environments. These are aluminium products designed to prevent corrosion of submerged steel structures. You, as one of the auditors, find that the organisation has shipped anodes for Project DK in the Gulf of Mexico before the galvanic efficiency test results for the anodes have been fully analysed and reported as required by the customer. The Quality Manager explains that the Managing Director authorised release of the anodes to avoid late delivery as penalties would be imposed. The customer was not informed since the tests very rarely fall below the required efficiency. You raise a nonconformity against clause 8.6 of ISO 9001.
Which of the following options for the best description of the nonconformity?
- A. The untested product was not recalled until the galvanic efficiency of the anodes was verified.
- B. Products for Project DK have been released before product approval through the quality control process.
- C. Release of the product without acceptable test results has been accepted by the customer for Project DK.
- D. A retrospective concession was not sought from the customer once the test results had been approved by the Quality Manager.
正解：B
解説：
Clause Reference - ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.6 (Release of Products and Services):
ISO 9001 requires that products and services are not released to the customer until:
* All planned verification activities have been completed.
* Acceptance criteria have been met.
* Any necessary approvals have been obtained.
In this scenario:
* The sacrificial anodes for Project DK were shipped before the galvanic efficiency test results were analyzed.
* This constitutes a nonconformity against Clause 8.6 because the products were released without completing the required tests.
Option Analysis:
* A. A retrospective concession was not sought from the customer once the test results had been approved by the Quality Manager:Incorrect. While obtaining a concession might mitigate the situation, the nonconformity pertains to the process failure of releasing the products without completing required tests, not the absence of a concession.
* B. Release of the product without acceptable test results has been accepted by the customer for Project DK:Incorrect. The customer was not informed before the release, and there is no indication that this was accepted beforehand. Furthermore, ISO 9001 requires planned processes to be followed, regardless of later acceptance.
* C. Products for Project DK have been released before product approval through the quality control process:Correct. This description accurately reflects the nonconformity. The quality control process required test results to be analyzed and verified before release, which did not happen.
* D. The untested product was not recalled until the galvanic efficiency of the anodes was verified:
Incorrect. The issue is not about recalling the product but about releasing it without completing the required tests. Recalling the product is not mentioned in the scenario.
Why C is Correct:
* The nonconformity is a clear breach of Clause 8.6, where the products were released without meeting the planned verification requirements.
* This demonstrates a failure in adhering to quality control processes, which is a critical aspect of ISO
9001 compliance.
Key ISO 9001 Reference:
* Clause 8.6: Products and services shall not be released to the customer until all planned activities (e.g., testing) have been satisfactorily completed, or the customer has approved the release with knowledge of deviations.
質問 # 34
Which two of the following are the key expected results of a quality management system that conforms to the requirements of ISO 9001:2015?
- A. Increased profits
- B. Consistently provide products that meet customers' requirements
- C. Decreased number of nonconforming products in all stages of the manufacturing cycle
- D. Decreased number of management system nonconformities
- E. Decreased number of warranty claims
- F. Enhanced customer satisfaction
正解：B、F
解説：
The key expected results of a quality management system that conforms to the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 are stated in clause 0.1 of the standard, which says: "The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives. The potential benefits to an organization of implementing a quality management system based on this International Standard are: a) the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; b) facilitating opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction; c) addressing risks and opportunities associated with its context and objectives; d) the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements." Therefore, the two options that best match these benefits are A and E, as they directly relate to providing products and services that meet customer requirements and enhancing customer satisfaction. The other options are not explicitly mentioned as key expected results, although they may be possible outcomes of implementing a quality management system. References: ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems - Requirements, Key Elements of an ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System, What is ISO 9001 2015 as a Quality Management Systems?
質問 # 35
Scenario 7: POLKA is a car manufacturing company based in Stockholm, Sweden. The company has around 14,000 employees working in different sectors which help with the design, painting, assembling, and test drives of the final product. The company is widely known for its qualitative products and affordable prices. In order to retain their reputation, POLKA implemented a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001.
Before applying for certification, the company decided to conduct an internal audit to check whether there are any nonconformities in their QMS and if the requirements of ISO 9001 are being fulfilled.
The top management appointed Sean, the internal auditor, as the team leader of the internal audit team. Sean required from the top management to have unrestricted access to the employees and executives of POLKA and to the documented information. Furthermore, Sean required to establish a team with a large number of auditors, considering the size and the complexity of the organization. The top management of POLKA agreed with Sean's requirements.
The top management, in cooperation with Sean, assigned 10 more employees to the audit team.
Following that. Sean planned the audit activities and assigned the roles and responsibilities to each auditor. They began by interviewing employees of different manufacturing departments to check whether they are aware of the process of the QMS implementation. While conducting these activities, one of the auditors asked Sean for permission to audit the department in which he worked on a daily basis, as he was very familiar with the processes of the department.
Along the way, the teams findings showed that the staff were trained, documented information was updated, and the QMS fulfilled the requirements of ISO 9001. The internal audit took three weeks to complete, and on the last week the audit team held a final meeting The team shared their results and together drafted the audit report This report was submitted to the top management of the company. The report was maintained as documented information, and was available to the relevant interested parties.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on Scenario 7, the team worked together to draft the final audit report. Is this acceptable?
- A. No, it is the responsibility of the audit team leader to draft the audit report
- B. Yes, audit team members should contribute to drafting one general report for the findings and conclusions
- C. No, audit team members should draft separate reports for their findings and conclusions
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.9 (Audit Conclusions & Reporting):
* One consolidated audit report should be drafted based on all team members' findings.
* Each auditor does not draft separate reports (B) unless explicitly required.
Thus, A is the correct answer.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.9 (Audit Conclusions & Reporting)
質問 # 36
Scenario 3:
Fin-Pro is a financial institution in Austria offering commercial banking, wealth management, and investment services. The company faced a significant loss of customers due to failing to improve service quality as they expanded.
To regain customer confidence, top management implemented a QMS based on ISO 9001. After a year, they contacted ACB, a local certification body, to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
The audit team was led by Emilia, an experienced lead auditor, and included three auditors. After an agreement was reached, ACB sent the audit objectives to the audit team.
The audit team began by gathering information about Fin-Pro's understanding of ISO 9001 requirements.
While reviewing documented information, they noticed missing records of training and awareness sessions. They conducted employee interviews to verify attendance.
The team also reviewed the organizational chart and job descriptions to confirm employee competence.
They observed the company's working environment (social, psychological, and physical conditions).
The audit team analyzed the evidence and prepared an audit report with findings and conclusions.
ACB sent the audit objectives to the audit team after an agreement was reached. Is this acceptable?
- A. Yes, as long as the audit team leader approves.
- B. No, the audit objectives should be part of the audit offer.
- C. Yes, the audit objectives should be known only after an agreement is reached.
- D. No, only the auditee should know the audit objectives.
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems), Clause 5.3 - Establishing the Audit Objectives
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.2 - Audit Planning
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* Audit objectives must be clearly defined in the audit offer to ensure that the scope, criteria, and purpose are agreed upon in advance.
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 (which governs certification bodies) requires that audit objectives be established before the audit begins to ensure transparency and effectiveness.
* Sending audit objectives after an agreement has been reached could lead to misalignment between the auditee's expectations and the audit's purpose.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Audit objectives should be known only after agreement) # Incorrect because objectives must be pre-defined in the audit offer.
* B (Only the auditee should know the objectives) # Incorrect because both the auditor and auditee must align on objectives.
* D (Approval from the lead auditor is sufficient) # Incorrect because audit planning follows formal procedures defined by ISO/IEC 17021-1.
質問 # 37
You, as auditor, are in dialogue with the quality lead and managing director of a small business that supplies specialist laboratory equipment and furniture.
You: "I'd like to look at how you manage change in the organisation. What changes have you made as a business, say, over the last 12 months?" Auditee: "We have made some strategic changes, the main one being that we no longer manufacture our own products in house." You: "That sounds like quite a significant change. What has been the impact of that?" Auditee: "We now mainly sell other manufacturers' products, under their brand names, and have outsourced manufacture of our own brand products to one of our suppliers. Unfortunately, we had to make six members of our staff redundant. This represents about 20% of our workforce, so this has been quite a challenging time." This scenario presents a number of audit trails to different ISO 9001 requirements.
Which three of the following requirements would be relevant audit trails for this scenario?
- A. Property belonging to customers or external providers
- B. Documented information
- C. Organisation roles and responsibilities
- D. Design and development of products and services
- E. Measurement traceability
- F. Preservation of product
- G. Control of externally provided processes, products, and services
- H. Organisational knowledge
正解：C、D、G
解説：
B: Control of externally provided processes, products, and services: This is relevant because the organization has outsourced the manufacture of its own brand products to a supplier. According to ISO 9001, the organization must ensure that externally provided processes remain within the control of its quality management system.
C: Design and development of products and services: Even though the organization no longer manufactures in- house, it still needs to control the design and development of its products, especially since they are now being produced by an external provider.
F: Organisation roles and responsibilities: The change in strategy has led to a significant reduction in staff, which would have an impact on the roles and responsibilities within the organization. It is important to audit how these changes have been managed and communicated within the organization to ensure continued effectiveness of the quality management system.
These audit trails are aligned with the requirements of ISO 9001:2015, which emphasizes the importance of controlling externally provided processes and products, managing design and development, and clearly defining roles and responsibilities within the quality management system.
質問 # 38
Knowledge and skills are requirements of the auditor's competence. Select two from the following topics of knowledge that apply to every member of an audit team auditing an ISO 9001 quality management system.
- A. Organisation's market sector
- B. Organisation's processes
- C. Requirements of auditee's interested parties other than customers
- D. Requirements of ISO 9001
- E. Organisation's invoicing and profits of the last 5 years
- F. ISO 19011 Audit principles
正解：D、F
解説：
According to ISO 9001:2015, clause 7.2, an auditor shall have the competence to:
Understand the requirements of ISO 9001 and how they relate to the audit Understand the organization's quality management system and its processes Understand the applicable legal, regulatory, contractual and other requirements that affect the audit Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties other than customers Plan and conduct audits in accordance with ISO 19011 Evaluate audit evidence and draw appropriate conclusions Communicate audit findings effectively1 Therefore, knowledge of ISO 9001 requirements and ISO 19011 audit principles are essential for every member of an audit team auditing an ISO 9001 quality management system.
References:
ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems - Requirements
ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 39
You are carrying out an audit at an organisation seeking certification to ISO 9001 for the first time. The organisation offers health and safety training to customers.
You are interviewing the Quality Systems Manager (QSM).
You: "What risks and opportunities have the business identified?"
QSM: "I'1l show you. This was discussed with the Managing Director at the latest management review." Narrative: The QSM shows you the latest management review record and points to the following table:
You: "How is the business planning to address these risks and opportunities?" QSM: "The MD said that they already knew about them so it was not necessary."
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Non-Conformity Report:
ISO 9001 Clause Number
Nature of Problem
ISO 9001 Requirement That Has Not Been Fulfilled
6.1.1
Several risks and opportunities have not been determined.
"The organization shall consider the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed."
6.1.2 (a)
Actions to address risks and opportunities not planned.
"The organization shall plan actions to address risks and opportunities." Step-by-Step Reasoning:
* Clause 6.1.1 - Determining Risks and Opportunities:
* Requirement: The organization must determine risks and opportunities that are relevant to its Quality Management System (QMS). This ensures that the QMS achieves intended results and prevents undesired effects.
* Problem Identified: While some risks and opportunities were discussed, the organization did not perform a systematic evaluation of all risks (e.g., health and safety legislation changes, retiring trainers).
* Clause 6.1.2 (a) - Planning Actions for Risks and Opportunities:
* Requirement: The organization must plan actions to address identified risks and opportunities.
These actions should be integrated into the QMS processes to ensure continuous improvement.
* Problem Identified: The Quality Systems Manager confirmed that no plans were made to address the risks and opportunities because the Managing Director deemed it unnecessary. This violates the requirement to plan actions.
* Correct Options Selected:
* Clause 6.1.1 with the nature of the problem as: "Several risks and opportunities have not been determined."
* Clause 6.1.2 (a) with the nature of the problem as: "Actions to address risks and opportunities not planned."
* ISO 9001 Requirements Not Fulfilled:
* For 6.1.1:"The organization shall consider the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed."
* For 6.1.2 (a):"The organization shall plan actions to address risks and opportunities."
質問 # 40
Scenario 3:
Fin-Pro is a financial institution in Austria offering commercial banking, wealth management, and investment services. The company faced a significant loss of customers due to failing to improve service quality as they expanded.
To regain customer confidence, top management implemented a QMS based on ISO 9001. After a year, they contacted ACB, a local certification body, to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
The audit team was led by Emilia, an experienced lead auditor, and included three auditors. After an agreement was reached, ACB sent the audit objectives to the audit team.
The audit team began by gathering information about Fin-Pro's understanding of ISO 9001 requirements.
While reviewing documented information, they noticed missing records of training and awareness sessions. They conducted employee interviews to verify attendance.
The team also reviewed the organizational chart and job descriptions to confirm employee competence.
They observed the company's working environment (social, psychological, and physical conditions).
The audit team analyzed the evidence and prepared an audit report with findings and conclusions.
What type of evidence has been collected by the ACB's audit team, as presented in scenario 3?
- A. Physical, verbal, analytical.
- B. Observational, secondary, qualitative.
- C. Documentary, confirmative, verbal.
- D. Verbal, documentary, physical.
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Audit evidence includes information collected through different methods to assess compliance with ISO
9001:2015 requirements.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6 - Audit Evidence: Audit evidence must be objective, verifiable, and based on facts.
* ISO 9001:2015, Clause 9.1.1 - Monitoring, Measurement, Analysis, and Evaluation: Requires organizations to collect and analyze data from multiple sources to verify effectiveness.
Types of Audit Evidence Collected in Scenario 3:
* Verbal Evidence - Employee interviews regarding training and awareness sessions.
* Documentary Evidence - Organizational charts, job descriptions, training records.
* Physical Evidence - Workplace observations to assess working conditions.
Why is the Correct Answer B?
* The audit team used a combination of verbal (interviews), documentary (records), and physical (site observations) evidence.
* This triangulation approach enhances audit reliability and ensures compliance verification.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Confirmative evidence) # Not a formal audit term in ISO 9001 or ISO 19011.
* C (Analytical evidence) # Incorrect, as analysis was not a primary method used.
* D (Qualitative evidence only) # Incorrect because the audit involved both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (documents, physical) evidence.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.4.6 - Audit Evidence
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 9.1.1 - Monitoring, Measurement, Analysis, and Evaluation
質問 # 41
Match the process descriptions below to the process names:
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
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質問 # 42
You are preparing for interviews with two members of top management. Based on the information that you gathered about the organization, you conclude that it is the top management who takes all the important decisions and closely supervises and controls employees. Based on this, which management style is practiced in the organization?
- A. Centralized
- B. Autocratic
- C. Laissez-faire
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:An autocratic management style is characterized by:
* Top management making all decisions without delegation.
* Strict control over employees.
* A lack of employee input in decision-making.
Centralized management (Answer C) refers to decision-making being concentrated at the top, but it does not necessarily imply strict control. Laissez-faire management (Answer B) allows employees high independence, which contradicts the scenario.
質問 # 43
Scenario 4:
TD Advertising is a print management company based in Chicago. The company offers design services, digital printing, storage, and distribution. As TD expanded, its management recognized that success depended on adopting new technologies and improving quality.
To ensure customer satisfaction and quality improvement, the company decided to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
After implementing the QMS, TD hired a well-known certification body for an audit. Anne Key was appointed as the audit team leader. She received a document listing the audit team members, audit scope, criteria, duration, and audit engagement limits.
Anne reviewed the document and approved the audit mandate. The certification body and TD's top management signed the certification agreement.
Before contacting TD, Anne reviewed the audit scope and noticed that TD made changes to it due to the adoption of new printing equipment. However, Anne disagreed with the changes, stating they would affect the audit timeline. She considered withdrawing from the audit.
Scenario 4 mentions that Anne received a document that contained the audit scope, criteria, duration, and the limits to the audit engagement. What did Anne receive in this case?
- A. The audit offer.
- B. The audit mandate.
- C. The audit plan.
- D. The certification agreement.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Before conducting an audit, the certification body must provide an audit offer, which outlines the audit scope, criteria, and duration.
Clause References:
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.2 - Audit Planning: Requires the certification body to communicate key audit details before finalizing the audit process.
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* The audit offer includes scope, criteria, duration, and engagement limits before the certification agreement is signed.
* The certification body sends this to the auditee before finalizing the contract.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (Certification Agreement) # This is the contract signed after the audit offer is accepted.
* B (Audit Plan) # The audit plan details the day-to-day audit schedule and is created after the agreement.
* D (Audit Mandate) # This is an internal document for the certification body.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.2 - Audit Planning
質問 # 44
You are carrying out an annual audit at an organisation that offers home security services. You are interviewing the Quality Manager (QM) You: "Would you tell me about your management review process?" QM: "The senior management team plans to review the management system every six months. The review follows a set agenda and records are maintained." You: "May I see the records from the last two management reviews?" Narrative: The Quality Manager gives you the latest record, which shows the last management review took place nine months ago.
The Quality Manager then gives you the previous management review record, which took place one year before the latest review.
You: "Are there any other review reports in the last two years?
QM: "No, these are the only ones."
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Nonconformity report
ISO 9001 Clause Number: 9.3.1 Nature of problem: Management review has not been conducted at the defined frequency. ISO 9001 requirement that has not been fulfilled: ISO 9001 - "Top management shall review the organization's quality management system at planned intervals." Evidence: The last management review took place nine months ago, and the previous one took place one year before the latest review. The planned interval is six months.
質問 # 45
Among others, what does Clause 4.4 (Quality Management System and Its Processes) of ISO 9001 require from organizations?
- A. To change the QMS quarterly
- B. To continually improve the QMS
- C. To review the QMS annually
- D. To conduct a QMS gap analysis every two years
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 emphasizes continual improvement as a fundamental requirement of an effective Quality Management System (QMS).
Clause Reference:
* Clause 4.4.1 (Quality Management System and Its Processes) states that organizations must:
* Determine processes needed for the QMS
* Establish criteria and methods for process effectiveness
* Ensure continual improvement of the system
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* Continual improvement is a core principle of ISO 9001.
* Organizations must regularly assess and enhance their QMS to adapt to new challenges and maintain effectiveness.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (To change the QMS quarterly) # ISO 9001 does not mandate a specific frequency for system changes.
* B (To review the QMS annually) # QMS reviews must be conducted as needed, not strictly annually.
* D (To conduct a QMS gap analysis every two years) # Gap analysis is useful but is not a mandatory requirement under Clause 4.4.
質問 # 46
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