L4M6練習問題集で検証済みで更新された265問題あります
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質問 # 101
Laura is working with suppliers on the design of a component for a new boiler. One of the current suppliers suggested manufacturing the component from plastic they recently developed and patented, rather than commonly used brass. What competitive force is this supplier creating in the market to affect competition?
- A. New entry
- B. Supplier power
- C. Substitute
- D. Buyer power
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
In Porter's Five Forces framework, thethreat of substitutesrefers to the availability of products or services that can perform the same function as the industry's product. The supplier's suggestion to use a newly developed plastic component instead of the traditional brass one introduces a substitute product. This alternative can potentially change the dynamics of the market by offering different benefits, such as cost savings or improved performance, thereby affecting competition.
Reference:
CIPS L4M6 Study Guide
質問 # 102
A company's analysis shows that some of their products from a supplier fall into the 'strategic' segment of the supply positioning grid. They are meeting with the supplier with the intention that they enter into a partnership. The supplier views the company as 'core' to their business. Which one of the following factors would be most important in determining that a partnership agreement would be good for both companies?
- A. Their products are technically simple
- B. They have a low spend with the supplier
- C. There are many suppliers in the market
- D. They have a high spend with the supplier
正解：D
解説：
For partnerships to succeed, both buyer and supplier must see significant value in the relationship. High spend indicates strategic importance, ensuring mutual commitment. If the buyer is a core customer for the supplier, and has a high spend, partnership sourcing is mutually beneficial.
質問 # 103
When overcoming stakeholder resistance in a procurement-led project, which of the following groups would have the highest level of influence on other stakeholders?
* Negative leaders
* Silent opponents
* Supporters
* Promoters
- A. 3 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 1 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
正解：C
解説：
In stakeholder management,Negative leadersandPromoterspossess high influence over others:
* Negative leaders: Individuals who oppose the project and can sway others against it due to their influence.
* Promoters: Advocates who support the project and can positively influence others.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effectively managing stakeholder resistance.
As highlighted in the CIPS study materials:
"Overcoming resistance- Promoters - They have a high influence on other stakeholders and support the project. They support and empower."
質問 # 104
Which of the following are typical drivers for a partnership between the buyer and the supplier? Select the THREE that apply.
- A. The product is critical for the buyer
- B. The buyer has a high spend with the supplier
- C. The product is a commodity
- D. The supplier provides the product to a buyer's competitor
- E. There are many suppliers in the market
- F. The product is technically complex
正解：A、B、F
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Partnerships between buyers and suppliers are often driven by:
* High Spend:Significant expenditure justifies the investment in developing a closer relationship to achieve cost savings and efficiencies.
* Critical Products:Items that are essential to the buyer's operations necessitate a reliable and collaborative supplier relationship.
* Technical Complexity:Complex products benefit from joint development efforts, shared expertise, and coordinated problem-solving.
Conversely, commodities and markets with many suppliers typically lend themselves to transactional relationships rather than partnerships.
Reference:
CIPS L4M6 Study Guide
質問 # 105
A low level of trust between parties can often lead to partnership relationships being unsuccessful and failing.
Which of the following supports the protection of commercially sensitive information between both parties and can help to retain trust?
- A. A business continuity plan
- B. An authorised business case
- C. A non-disclosure agreement
- D. Early supplier involvement
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a legal contract that establishes a confidential relationship between parties. It ensures that any sensitive information shared during the course of a partnership is not disclosed to unauthorized parties. Implementing an NDA fosters trust by providing assurance that proprietary information, trade secrets, and other confidential data are protected. This is particularly crucial in partnerships where open communication and information sharing are essential for success.
Reference:
CIPS L4M6 Study Guide
質問 # 106
A low-cost fashion retailer based in Europe is looking at adding value in their procurement activities. The retailer buys clothing for resale with a very small profit margin applied, relying on volume sales to make a profit. Which of the following added-value approaches will be the most critical for the procurement team of the retailer to focus on with their supply chain?
- A. Price management
- B. Reduction of inventory
- C. Quality enhancement
- D. Improving timescales
正解：A
解説：
Price management is crucial for low-cost retailers to maintain profitability. This includes negotiating better pricing, managing costs effectively, and ensuring competitive pricing for volume sales.
質問 # 107
A supermarket is struggling with sales and has done an analysis on its competitors. It has discovered that it has two major competitors; one provides groceries at a much cheaper price and another that provides only organic products. The supermarket has decided that it wants to continue providing groceries to a wide target audience but that it will compete by offering superior customer service. What is the supermarket's source of competitive advantage?
- A. differentiation focus
- B. differentiation
- C. cost leadership
- D. cost focus
正解：B
解説：
This is differentiation as the target market is broad. Differentiation focus would be if the supermarket was targeting a niche market. There's a couple of questions on Porter's Generic Strategies in the exam- there's a useful diagram of this on P.13
質問 # 108
What are the relationship characteristics of a Partnership?
- A. Focus on price competitiveness
- B. An adversarial relationship
- C. Short-term focus and one-off transactions
- D. Sharing ideas and risk
正解：D
解説：
Partnerships emphasize collaboration, shared risks, and mutual benefits. Unlike adversarial or transactional relationships, they focus on long-term goals and joint value creation.
質問 # 109
Janet runs a factory which produces 1 million bread rolls every day. It requires a large amount of flour, and for this to be delivered regularly- in time with manufacturing operations. There are very few suppliers in the market place that can deliver the quality of flour Janet requires in the quantities required. Janet has just established a contract with Friendly Flour Limited - what type of supplier is Friendly Flour Limited to Janet?
- A. leverage
- B. strategic
- C. bottleneck
- D. routine
正解：B
解説：
Friendly Flour Ltd is a strategic supplier; this is a critical supplier, responsible for core products. They represent a high risk impact and a high cost impact. This is the top-right hand corner of the Kraljic matrix.
There are lots of questions on Kraljic in the exam - do revise this topic and ensure you understand each of the four quadrants of the matrix (see p.20)
質問 # 110
A hospital located in a remote area of the country experiences difficulties in attracting and recruiting staff.
Therefore, the hospital regularly has to use temporary staff from a staffing agency. Human resourcing is critical, as a reduced workforce would result in patient safety issues and the cancellation of urgent appointments. The procurement team has categorised the staffing agency as a strategic supplier to the organisation. Which of the following sourcing relationships should the procurement team adopt with the agency?
- A. Transactional sourcing
- B. Partnership sourcing
- C. Tactical sourcing
- D. Competitive sourcing
正解：B
解説：
CIPS defines strategic suppliers as those that are critical to organisational performance, continuity of service, and risk management. In this scenario, the staffing agency directly impacts:
* Patient safety
* Operational continuity
* Service delivery
For strategic suppliers, CIPS recommends adopting a partnership sourcing relationship, characterised by:
* Long-term collaboration
* High levels of trust and communication
* Joint problem-solving and planning
* Shared responsibility for performance outcomes
Transactional, tactical, or competitive sourcing approaches focus on short-term cost and flexibility and are not appropriate where service failure could have severe consequences.
L4M6 Reference:
* Learning Outcome 3: Understand approaches to managing supplier relationships
* Topic: Strategic suppliers and partnership sourcing
* CIPS L4M6 Study Guide - Supplier segmentation and relationship strategies
質問 # 111
Innovation is a key consideration when entering into a partnership. Is this statement true?
- A. No- innovation is best achieved in a contractual relationship where KPIs can be monitored closely.
- B. No- the key consideration when entering a partnership is cost reduction
- C. Yes- innovation is the only reason to enter into a partnership
- D. Yes- joint innovation projects are often a strong motivation for entering into a partnership
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'Yes- joint innovation projects are often a strong motivation for entering into a partnership'. The other options are simply not true statements. A lot of the questions on the 'Partnerships' chapters of the book are common-sense questions like this. It involves reading the Question: and using logic, rather that relying on your knowledge of procurement. If you found this Question: easy - that's a good sign for the exam.
質問 # 112
National Hospital Trust (NHT) has entered into a partnership relationship with a major facilities management provider. The two organizations have agreed on the approach to undertake regular reviews and audits. The audit approach will include which of the following?
- A. Category management and supplier rationalization
- B. Macro and micro environmental analysis
- C. Specification development and management
- D. Lessons learned and continuous improvement
正解：D
解説：
Regular reviews focusing on lessons learned and continuous improvement ensure the partnership remains effective and aligned with objectives. This supports ongoing collaboration and operational excellence.
質問 # 113
A textile company is purchasing a new item which is low value. This item is likely never to be required again by the company and is widely available from many different suppliers. Which commercial relationship type would be most effective for the buyer to choose?
- A. Outsourcing
- B. Closer tactical
- C. Adversarial
- D. Partnership
正解：C
解説：
For low-value, non-recurring items with many suppliers, an adversarial relationship focusing on competitive pricing and minimal engagement is most appropriate. Partnerships are unnecessary for such transactions.
質問 # 114
Which of the following are advantages for the buyer of entering into a partnership? Select TWO.
- A. They will gain an increased volume of business
- B. There may be greater continuity of supply
- C. The supplier may become complacent
- D. They are likely to be able to gain price stability
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are; They are likely to be able to gain price stability and There may be greater continuity of supply. The other options are an advantage for the supplier rather than the buyer (They will gain an increased volume of business) and a disadvantage of entering into a partnership (The supplier may become complacent). As you may have guessed from these questions - Partnerships come up a LOT in the exam. See p.130 for info on pros and cons of partnerships.
質問 # 115
ABC is a company which sources a vital component from a supplier. There are only a few suppliers in the industry and without this component, ABC would not be able to produce their final product. What type of relationship should ABC seek to develop with their supplier?
- A. transactional
- B. outsource
- C. strategic alliance
- D. arms length
正解：C
解説：
As the component is vital to their business, ABC should seek a collaborative relationship with the supplier.
There are three types of collaborative relationship (co-destiny, partnership and strategic alliance). Of these only strategic-alliance is given as an option. Remember - strategic purchase = collaborative relationship with supplier. There are many questions on the Relationship Spectrum on the exam. See p.5 for more details
質問 # 116
Which of the following are correct statements with regards to a joint venture and with regards to a strategic alliance? Select TWO that apply.
- A. A strategic alliance creates a new company formed between the partners
- B. In a joint venture, a new company is formed between the partners
- C. A strategic alliance is managed by both partners
- D. A joint venture is also known as vertical integration
- E. A strategic alliance is a permanent arrangement
正解：B、C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
* Statement B:A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed- upon objectives while remaining independent organizations. It is typically managed jointly by the partners to achieve mutual benefits without forming a new legal entity.Wikipedia
* Statement C:In a joint venture, two or more parties create a new, separate legal entity by contributing equity, and they share in the revenues, expenses, and control of the enterprise. This new company is formed to undertake specific business activities.
Reference:
CIPS L4M6 Study Guide
質問 # 117
A large office orders weekly from a stationery supplier. The items are low cost and if the delivery is a day late it does not affect the running of the office. Where would this supplier be positioned in a supplier matrix?
- A. Leverage
- B. Routine
- C. Bottleneck
- D. Critical
正解：B
解説：
Routine items are low risk and low value. They are non-critical and often easily sourced. CIPS categorizes such items in the 'Routine' quadrant of the Kraljic Matrix, where minimal procurement effort is justified and supply assurance is easily managed.
質問 # 118
Can a cost leadership strategy be described as 'no frills'?
- A. No, as it increases the costs and narrows the market segment
- B. Yes, it lowers the cost and differentiates the product
- C. Yes, it lowers the cost and increases the competitive scope
- D. No, as it increases the costs and differentiates the product
正解：C
解説：
Cost leadership (Porter's generic strategy) is often referred to as a "no-frills" approach, where the organisation focuses on reducing costs and offering competitive prices across a broad scope. The aim is to become the lowest-cost producer while maintaining acceptable quality.
質問 # 119
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