2025年07月最新のCIPS L4M6問題集で更新された180問あります
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質問 # 57
Achieving value for money can often be described as the three Es? What are these?
- A. Effectiveness, Efficiency, Economy
- B. Efficiency, Economy, Ethics
- C. Economy, Efficiency, Environment
- D. Ethics, Environment, Economy
正解：A
解説：
The three Es are; Effectiveness, Efficiency and Economy. Sometimes a 4th E is added which is Equity (but this is mainly for the public sector).
質問 # 58
Red Manufacturing work with around 40 different suppliers. One of these suppliers is Blue Business. Red Manufacturing order regularly from Blue Business, and have never had any issues with their performance.
The materials Blue Business supply are of low value and there are several other suppliers of these materials in the market. What type of relationship should Red Manufacturing seek to have with Blue Manufacturing?
- A. partnership
- B. adversarial
- C. single-source
- D. arms-length
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'arms length'. This is a tactical purchase (as it is low value) and keeping the supplier at arms-length means that Red Manufacturing could possibly exploit them to reduce their prices (think back to the Kraljic matrix and where Blue Business would likely fall). A Partnership or Single- Source relationship requires investment into the relationship, and as the products are low value and Red Manufacturing have a lot of other suppliers, they should not be investing time in developing that relationship with Blue Business. An adversarial relationship wouldn't be advantageous as it may lower the performance of the supplier. See the relationship spectrum on p.5 - this is a hot topic for the exam
質問 # 59
What is the correct order of the stages of team development?
- A. Forming, norming, performing, storming
- B. Storming, forming, performing, norming
- C. Storming, forming, norming, performing
- D. Forming, storming, norming, performing
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is Forming, storming, norming, performing (p.91). Note; some people add on two additional stages to this; mourning and adjourning. The study guide forgets to mention this, but the exam may ask you about these additional stages. So I strongly recommend doing some further reading on this (it's called the Tuckman Group Development Model)
質問 # 60
If a stakeholder has high power in a business but isn't interested in your procurement activity, what should be your management style for dealing with this stakeholder?
- A. Minimum effort is required as they're not interested- do nothing
- B. Manage closely - they're a key player
- C. Keep them informed - they have high power
- D. Keep them satisfied - they have high power
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'keep satisfied' because the stakeholder is high power and low interest. This is the top left corner of Mendelow's Stakeholder Matrix - see p.81
質問 # 61
The CEO of a business has asked his procurement manager to source new machinery for the factory. This machinery will help create a new line of products which will give the company a competitive edge. The CEO is heavily invested in this procurement activity as profits have been lower than expected this year and this new line of products could help increase profitability. How should the procurement manager include the CEO in the procurement activity?
- A. The CEO is a key player- so it is important he is involved early in the process
- B. The CEO is a key player- so should be given regular updates on progress
- C. It is important to keep the CEO satisfied as he runs the business
- D. It is important to keep the CEO informed of all decisions that are made
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is 'The CEO is a key player- so it is important he is involved early in the process'. The CEO has high power and high interest which puts him in the top right-hand corner of Mendelow's Stakeholder Matrix (p.81). CIPS says Key Players should be involved early in the procurement process (p.82).
質問 # 62
A manufacturing company which produces showers struggles to get hold of a certain part called a mixer valve. It is impossible to make the showers without the mixer-valve and there is only one supplier in the market that produces them. The good news is they aren't very expensive to buy. What type of supplier is the supplier of mixer valves?
- A. strategic
- B. leverage
- C. bottleneck
- D. routine
正解：C
解説：
This is a bottleneck supplier- refer to the Kraljic matrix on p.20; these types of supplier hold a monopoly in the marketplace and provide low-value items. There are lots of questions on Kraljic in the exam - do revise this topic and ensure you understand each of the four quadrants of the matrix
質問 # 63
A large office orders weekly from a stationery supplier. The items are low-cost, and if the delivery is a day late, it does not affect the running of the office. Where would this supplier be positioned in a supplier matrix?
- A. Bottleneck
- B. Routine
- C. Critical
- D. Leverage
正解：B
解説：
Routine suppliers provide low-value, low-risk items with minimal operational impact. These suppliers are managed with minimal engagement or oversight in a cost-effective manner.
質問 # 64
Debbie is a procurement manager at a small manufacturer company. She had a contract in place with a company that provides uniforms, but finds that she doesn't need to order much from them as the staff re-wear the same clothes to work. The contract has now expired. Should Debbie do a Competitive Tender to source a new contract?
- A. Yes- competitive tender is the only option to procure uniforms
- B. No- Debbie should continue using the same supplier- it doesn't matter that the contract has expired.
- C. Yes - the contract has now expired so she must do a new competitive tender
- D. No- the contract is not of significant value
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'no-the contract is not of significant value'. CIPS state that competitive tenders should only be used when 'the item or service is of significant value' p.73. Debbie could continue using the same supplier, but she should organise a contract extension or a new contract if she does.
質問 # 65
Togo Bongos is a manufacturer of percussion instruments, in particular of bongo drums. It requires electricity to run its factories and this is a major factor of cost impact. There are lots of suppliers of electricity in the market and there is no switching costs if Togo Bongos wanted to switch suppliers. What type of supplier is Togo Bongo's electricity supplier?
- A. strategic
- B. bottleneck
- C. routine
- D. leverage
正解：D
解説：
This is a leverage supplier on the Kraljic Matrix; high cost impact and low risk impact. The diagram on p.20 gives the example of utility services such as electricity as a common leverage supplier. There are lots of questions on Kraljic in the exam - do revise this topic and ensure you understand each of the four quadrants of the matrix
質問 # 66
Varying levels of commitment is one reason why many partnerships fail. Why is this?
- A. One party doesn't fulfil their KPIs
- B. Less profit is made.
- C. Sufficient time and resources are put in
- D. It can lead to a lack of trust
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'It can lead to a lack of trust' - this is a quote from p.162. The other answers are all incorrect; in a partnership KPIs are joint between the parties- so there wouldn't be a situation where one party doesn't fulfil their KPIs. Commitment doesn't necessarily have a direct correlation with profit so that answer is incorrect. 'Sufficient time and resources are put in' is a positive thing, so can't be a reason who a partnership fails.
質問 # 67
Price fluctuations can affect profitability. Is this statement correct?
- A. No, only decisions made by the chief executive affect the price
- B. Yes, if the product's costs increase and the price does not
- C. Yes, as sales may drop if the product is price inelastic
- D. No, price is not related to profitability
正解：B
解説：
Profitability is impacted when product costs rise without corresponding price adjustments. Understanding cost- price relationships is key to managing profitability in procurement.
質問 # 68
Which one of the following is an advantage of early supplier involvement?
- A. Understanding of supplier capabilities
- B. No need for supplier non-disclosure agreements
- C. Large investment in supplier communications
- D. Supplier is responsible for all intellectual property risks
正解：A
解説：
Early supplier involvement highlights supplier strengths and capabilities, enabling collaborative development.
This supports innovation and optimizes the procurement process.
質問 # 69
Partnership relationships are long-term relationships without a defined end period. Is this statement TRUE?
- A. Yes- partnerships do not have end dates because there is never a contract involved
- B. No- partnerships should have end dates so both parties have a way out if things don't work out
- C. Yes-partnerships do not have end dates because they involve significant investment
- D. No- partnerships have end dates as they are contractual relationships
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'Yes-partnerships do not have end dates because they involve significant investment'.
This is explained on p.126. Partnerships can involve contracts - so the other 'yes' answer is incorrect.
質問 # 70
Lion Manufacturing is about to enter into a partnership with Penguin Logistics, who will provide delivery to and from Lion Manufacturing's factories and warehouses. In this relationship, what type of negotiation strategy should Lion manufacturing use?
- A. win: win
- B. win: lose with the buyer winning
- C. lose: lose
- D. win: lose with the supplier winning
正解：A
解説：
partnerships are always win: win p.7
質問 # 71
Red Manufacturing work with around 40 different suppliers. One of these suppliers is Blue Business. Red Manufacturing order regularly from Blue Business, and have never had any issues with their performance. The materials Blue Business supply are of low value and there are several other suppliers of these materials in the market. What type of relationship should Red Manufacturing seek to have with Blue Manufacturing?
- A. partnership
- B. adversarial
- C. single-source
- D. arms-length
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is 'arms length'. This is a tactical purchase (as it is low value) and keeping the supplier at arms-length means that Red Manufacturing could possibly exploit them to reduce their prices (think back to the Kraljic matrix and where Blue Business would likely fall). A Partnership or Single- Source relationship requires investment into the relationship, and as the products are low value and Red Manufacturing have a lot of other suppliers, they should not be investing time in developing that relationship with Blue Business. An adversarial relationship wouldn't be advantageous as it may lower the performance of the supplier. See the relationship spectrum on p.5 - this is a hot topic for the exam
質問 # 72
Gabriel is a procurement manager who wishes to explore a new avenue to procure products for his company.
His manager has told him that he should invite internal stakeholders to a meeting to get their feedback. Who should Gabriel invite? Select THREE.
- A. employees
- B. suppliers
- C. legal department
- D. end-users
- E. customers
正解：A、C、D
解説：
Internal stakeholders are those who work within the business so include the legal department, employees and end-users. End-users mean those people and departments who will be using the product or service. For example if Gabriel is procuring new software- an end-user would be anyone who would be using that software (whether they're employees, volunteers or agencies). CIPS outlines types of stakeholders on p.64
質問 # 73
Why is it more difficult for buyers in the public sector to build relationships with suppliers?
- A. There are regulations that state competitive tender processes must be undertaken regularly
- B. There are regulations prohibiting public sector buyers from developing relationships
- C. Buyer power is weak in the public sector
- D. Buyer power is strong in the public sector
正解：A
解説：
It can be difficult for buyers in the private sector to build relationships with suppliers because of rules that state competitive tenders must be undertaken every few years (within the EU this is usually every 4). This means that both parties aren't as invested in developing the relationship as it's possible the contact will end shortly. Competitive tendering is a requirement in the public sector to ensure value for money for taxpayers.
See p.79 for further details. There are no rules stating Public Sector organisations can't have good relationships with suppliers, and in fact most will have good relationships with their current suppliers- the issue is that neither party can get too invested in the relationship as everyone knows it may end shortly. There are rules, however, against entering into Partnership relationships (which is discussed in chapter 3).
質問 # 74
Rachel and Jacky work in the procurement department of Foddy Foods Ltd. They have been told by their CEO to build better relationships with strategic suppliers as this will create value for money for the company. In what ways can value for money be achieved by building strong relationships with suppliers? Select TWO.
- A. Better payment terms
- B. Reduction of waste
- C. Reducing costs
- D. Innovation developed as part of collaborative projects
正解：B、D
解説：
Supplier relationships can result in value for money in the reduction of waste and in innovation developed as part of collaborative projects. Remember that in CIPS waste doesn't necessarily mean physical waste (as in stuff you don't want any more). There are 7 types of waste including waiting, inventory, transportation etc. So when you develop a relationship with a supplier, this can reduce waste (e.g. you may be able to get deliveries quicker by integrating your ordering system with the supplier's, or you might reduce transportation by agreeing a Consignment stock). Having a good relationship with a supplier isn't necessarily going to get you a reduction in cost or better payment terms. See p.70 for more details on this- there's a short list of ways in which good supplier relationships can bring value for money to a business.
質問 # 75
A company supplies IT equipment and buys most of its components from first-tier suppliers in the UK. It wants to analyze its supply market to develop the supply chain and is going to review the main factors that have an influence. The company wants to use the STEEPLED external environmental analysis framework to achieve the best result. Which of the following STEEPLED factors is most likely to have the greatest effect?
- A. Ethical
- B. Economic
- C. Sociocultural
- D. Technological
正解：D
解説：
Technological factors play a pivotal role in IT equipment supply chains. Advancements, obsolescence, and innovation significantly affect production, cost, and competitiveness, making it a primary focus in supply chain development.
質問 # 76
The Queen Victoria is a traditional British pub which serves a range of alcoholic beverages. It has a partnership relationship with a local brewery which supplies several types of beer and cider. Logistics is a key concern for the Queen Victoria as deliveries must be made when there is room in the cellar to store the barrels of beer and cider. In what ways could the logistics risk be reduced?
- A. Sharing up-to-date information
- B. Using several suppliers instead of one
- C. Issuing POs electronically.
- D. Batch ordering
正解：A
解説：
The logistics risk can be reduced by 'Sharing up-to-date information'. If the Pub tells the supplier when it's running low, they can then time the deliveries more accurately.
P. 136. A lot of the questions on the 'Partnerships' chapters of the book are common-sense questions like this. It involves reading the question and using logic, rather than relying on your knowledge of procurement. If you found this question easy - that's a good sign for the exam.
質問 # 77
A low-cost fashion retailer based in Europe is looking at adding value in their procurement activities. The retailer buys clothing for resale with a very small profit margin applied, relying on volume sales to make a profit. Which of the following added-value approaches will be the most critical for the procurement team of the retailer to focus on with their supply chain?
- A. Improving timescales
- B. Quality enhancement
- C. Price management
- D. Reduction of inventory
正解：C
解説：
Price management is crucial for low-cost retailers to maintain profitability. This includes negotiating better pricing, managing costs effectively, and ensuring competitive pricing for volume sales.
質問 # 78
Early Supplier Involvement can be described as a collaborative relationship between a buyer and a supplier to develop a new project. Handfield's model describes four different levels of supplier involvement ranging from none to 'black box' (which is when the design is primarily driven by the supplier. What other level features on this model?
- A. Grey Box - when the involvement is buyer driven
- B. White Box - when there is informal integration and the buyer consults with a supplier on a design
- C. Blue Box - when the buyer creates the product without input from the supplier
- D. Red Box- when the supplier provides legal advice to the buyer on areas such as copywrite
正解：B
解説：
The Handfield ESI model is on p.98 and comprises of Black Box, Grey Box, White Box and None. Therefore Red and Blue can be automatically discounted. The correct answer is White Box as the definition given is correct. Grey Box is a formalised supplier integration; joint development activity between buyer and supplier.
I have no idea why Handfield calls his system after coloured boxes- but it's only briefly mentioned in the study guide and is not likely to be a big topic in the exam.
質問 # 79
Sandra is a buyer for a large supermarket and has been increasing unhappy with the performance of a long-term supplier of bananas. Over time the deliveries have become unreliable and this has had impacts on the supermarket's profitability. What should Sandra do first?
- A. Develop an exit strategy
- B. Give written notice to the supplier of plans to terminate
- C. Obtain business approval to terminate the contract
- D. Review the market and look for an alternative supplier
正解：C
解説：
The first step is to obtain business approval to terminate. If Senior Management don't give approval, then the rest of the stages can't happen and Sandra will be stuck with her current banana supplier. There's a good diagram on p.109 detailing the steps to supplier termination.
質問 # 80
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