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質問 # 60
A small group of workers, under the leadership of a supervisor, seeking to make constructive practi-cal small changes to bring about operational improvement in the workplace.
- A. Quality circle
- B. Quality control group
- C. Trade union
- D. Quality initiative
正解：A
解説：
Quality circle.
Although it might be part of a quality initiative, the description describes a quality circle - a concept which has been credited with making significant improvements in some organisations, including, in some instances, creating cost savings. It is an important part of the idea of quality circles, that it is the actual workers, those at 'the coal face' (to use a somewhat outdated expression, perhaps) who lead and have the discussions. The belief, quite correct in my opinion, is the workers actually know what is going on, what is being done sensibly or otherwise, and therefore in operational terms, they need to be listened to.
A team at the working level, solving problems.
質問 # 61
A school has a contract for the supply of fruit for break time. The school needs the fruit delivered by 10 am every morning to be served at 10:30 am. How would this best be covered in a commercial agreement?
- A. Contractual term
- B. Pricing schedule
- C. Sales of Goods Act 1974
- D. Note on each purchase order
正解：A
質問 # 62
As a result of a global pandemic, a local hospital is facing significant patient capacity pressures and would like the construction of a new 50-bed ward to be prioritised and fully operational at the earliest opportunity.
Which of the following pricing arrangements would support this aspiration?
- A. Penetration contract pricing
- B. Fixed price economic adjustment pricing
- C. Time and materials arrangement pricing
- D. Incentivised contract pricing
正解：D
質問 # 63
Where an organisational internal customer / user deliberately circumvents the procurement function, and buys from an external supplier without following due procedure. This is commonly called:
- A. Maverick spend
- B. Compliant spend
- C. Iceman spend
- D. Tail spend
正解：A
解説：
Maverick spend is outside of organisational procedure, and can undermine the benefits of profes-sional procurement.
Maverick spend should be actively discouraged.
質問 # 64
In contracts, implied terms play a crucial role in defining the rights and obligations of parties, even when not expressly stated in the contract. Which of the following are potential examples of implied terms? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Terms that are not fundamental but the breach of which entitles the innocent party to claim damages without the right to terminate the contract
- B. Terms that are imposed by law to ensure a minimum standard of quality or performance in certain types of contracts
- C. Terms that are inferred by the courts based on general legal principles, ensuring parties act honestly and fairly in their contractual dealings
- D. Terms that are incorporated by reference to another contract document, such as a technical specification
- E. Terms that are fundamental to a contract, the breach of which may give rise to the right to terminate the contract
正解：B、C
質問 # 65
A publication which sets out how the buying organisation wishes to trade with suppliers, including, for example, standard terms and conditions of business, packaging and transportation requirements, as well as, for example, delivery requirements. This is called a:
- A. Purchasing manual
- B. Procurement manual
- C. Warehouse manual
- D. Supplier manual
正解：D
解説：
The supplier manual will advise suppliers how they should interact with the buying organisation.
A procurement manual will tell people inside the organisation what they need to do to be buying effectively - a buyer's rulebook, effectively. Similarly for a purchasing manual, and fairly obviously, a warehouse manual will provide guidance on how things should be done inside a warehouse.
質問 # 66
According to CIPS, which of the following are not internal stakeholders? Select one.
- A. Shareholders
- B. Other employees
- C. Managers
- D. Directors
正解：A
解説：
According to CIPS, shareholders are not internal stakeholders. They are 'connected' stakeholders.
In many small or family businesses, the shareholders will be the managers of the business.
質問 # 67
The Mendelow matrix deals with:
- A. Level of profit and market risk
- B. Products and markets (new or established)
- C. Market share and market growth
- D. Power and interest of stakeholders
正解：D
質問 # 68
'XXX theories of leadership are now largely discredited as a means of identifying team leaders'.
This quotation comes from the Profex Publishing textbook for this subject. Which word has XXX replaced?
- A. Tray
- B. Trait
- C. Tres
- D. Tait
正解：B
解説：
Trait.
The trait theory of leadership is the idea that successful leaders have particular personal traits (char-acteristics) which have enabled them to become effective leaders. 'A born leader', etc. Winston Churchill, V I Lenin, Laurens van der Post, and such like.
The view now is that leadership is more likely to be taught or trained, resulting in effective leaders.
質問 # 69
'Processes can be improved simply by organising the work in a way that means people have to move around less'. Which 'waste' is being described here?
- A. Waiting
- B. Overproduction
- C. Motion
- D. Transportation
正解：C
解説：
Motion.
The science of ergonomics can help with this.
質問 # 70
A xxxx team is a group of individuals brought together into a single team from different areas of the organisation.
Select one which best replaces xxxx.
- A. Cross-stitch
- B. Cross-training
- C. Cross-organisational
- D. Cross-functional
正解：D
解説：
The answer is 'cross-functional'.
The term 'cross-functional' is used in your learning objectives and assessment criteria. You may wish to be clear as to what a cross-functional team is, and what its benefits are.
'Cross-organisational' would mean across separate organisations, which is not what the question is asking about.
質問 # 71
'A team has a common XXXX and YYYY'.
Select the one which fits best.
- A. Purpose and goals
- B. Language and culture
- C. Employer and hobbies
- D. Captain and uniform
正解：A
解説：
Purpose and goals - the description is part of the definition of a team.
Language and culture might immediately appeal, but is not the correct answer. Teams might com-monly have the same employer. Captain and uniform is a mild attempt at humour - teams don't need a uniform, although some do eg airline crews and footballers.
質問 # 72
Within the overall philosophy of just-in-time production, a signalling system to indicate when the next stage of the production process needs output from the previous stage, is called:
- A. Kaizen
- B. Heijunka
- C. Kanban
- D. Lankan
正解：C
解説：
A kanban system pulls product through the production process from the previous stage.
Kaizen means continuous improvement; heijunka is related to production scheduling and levelling; Lankan is a place in Sri Lanka, and elsewhere - it is unrelated to this course.
Kaizen, kanban and heijunka can be related to the notion of the implementation of change and im-provement.
質問 # 73
Which one of the Tuckman stages of team development is being described here?
'..the team struggles to come together ... conflict ... competing for status and position'
- A. Dorming
- B. Performing
- C. Norming
- D. Storming
- E. Forming
正解：D
解説：
'Conflict' gives us the clue.
Storming.
The other answers shown come from the same model - check them out in your textbook if you need to.
質問 # 74
Thinking of the cultural web, which of the following refers to events or routines which take place, and really matter to the people involved?
- A. Control systems
- B. Stories
- C. Rituals
- D. Symbols
正解：C
解説：
Rituals.
Might be a regular team meeting; or a pub / sports evening with colleagues. Might be a monthly 'em-ployee of the month' award. Something which binds the employee to the organisation - in a nice way, one hopes.
I spent some time in France and marvelled how a colleague or senior person would go round and shake hands with every colleague in the morning - almost a kind of respectful 'thank goodness we survived the night' daily event. I thought how poor the British are not to have that ritual - I still do think that.
質問 # 75
According to CIPS, which of the following are not included in the five 'rights' of procurement and supply?
- A. Goods
- B. Manner
- C. Source
正解：A、B、C
解説：
All three of them.
CIPS appears to have excluded these three possible candidates for inclusion, concentrating instead on quantity, quality, price, place, time.
Or QQPPT.
質問 # 76
The letters 'BPR' stand for:
- A. Business Project Re-engineering
- B. Business Procurement Re-engineering
- C. Business People Re-training
- D. Business Process Re-engineering
正解：D
解説：
Business Process Re-engineering is the correct answer.
As far as I am aware, the other terms do not exist. They are 'red herrings'.
質問 # 77
'Using expensive equipment for a task when the same task could be done more simply and cheaper another way. Sometimes called "using a sledgehammer to crack a nut" '. Which one of the 'wastes' is being described here?
- A. Excessive processing
- B. Motion
- C. Overproduction
- D. Transportation
正解：A
解説：
Excessive processing. One of 'the seven wastes'.
A process night have too long a duration, might be more complex than necessary, might use assets which are over-specified or components which are over-specified.
The other answers given are also examples drawn from the seven wastes.
質問 # 78
Which of the following are implied terms in a contract? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Time of performance
- B. Passing of risk
- C. Right to sell the goods (ownership)
- D. Passing of title
- E. Sale by description
正解：C、E
質問 # 79
Which two of the following are 'soft' factors, within the framework of the 'McKinsey 7S' model?
- A. Shared values
- B. Strategy
- C. Systems
- D. Style
正解：A、D
解説：
Shared values and style.
The other two shown being 'hard' ie more tangible factors.
Nobody said these tests were meant to be easy...
質問 # 80
Drafting a specification is important because these documents become embedded within the contract and therefore, are legally binding. Is this statement true?
- A. No, because legally binding contracts only contain terms and conditions
- B. Yes, because all specifications must be approved by the organisation's board according to legislation
- C. Yes, care needs to be taken because the specification should be part of the contract
- D. No, as the specification is separate to the contract and has no legal standing
正解：C
質問 # 81
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