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CDPSE 認定試験は、データプライバシーソリューションエンジニアリングの領域における知識とスキルを検証するために設計されており、プライバシー規制の実装、プライバシーバイデザインの導入、プライバシープログラムの管理などが含まれます。この試験は、プライバシー原則や概念、プライバシー規制や標準、プライバシーエンジニアリング、プライバシープログラムの管理とガバナンス、プライバシーインシデントの管理など、さまざまなトピックをカバーしています。CDPSE 認定試験に合格した候補者は、データプライバシーソリューションエンジニアリングの分野の専門家として認められ、データプライバシープログラムのセキュリティを確保するために求められる雇用主に高く評価されます。
ISACA CDPSE（Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer）試験は、データプライバシーの分野における個人の知識、スキル、および専門知識を検証する専門認定です。この認定は、組織におけるデータプライバシーのソリューションを開発および実装する責任を持つ専門家を対象としています。試験では、法的および規制要件、データガバナンス、リスク管理、および技術的な制御など、データプライバシーのさまざまな側面がカバーされています。
質問 # 28
Which of the following is the PRIMARY benefit of implementing policies and procedures for system hardening?
- A. It increases system resiliency.
- B. It reduces external threats to data.
- C. It reduces exposure of data.
- D. It eliminates attack motivation for data.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
System hardening is a process of applying security measures and configurations to a system to reduce its attack surface and enhance its resistance to threats. System hardening can include disabling unnecessary services, removing default accounts, applying patches and updates, enforcing strong passwords and encryption, and implementing firewalls and antivirus software. The primary benefit of system hardening is that it increases system resiliency, which is the ability of a system to withstand or recover from adverse events that could affect its functionality or performance. The other options are not the primary benefits of system hardening, although they may be secondary benefits or outcomes. System hardening does not necessarily reduce external threats to data, as threats can originate from various sources and vectors. System hardening may reduce exposure of data, but only if the data is stored or processed by the system. System hardening does not eliminate attack motivation for data, as attackers may have different motives and incentives for targeting data. , p. 91-92 References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 29
The MOST effective way to incorporate privacy by design principles into applications is to include privacy requirements in.
- A. senior management approvals.
- B. software development practices.
- C. secure coding practices
- D. software testing guidelines.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The most effective way to incorporate privacy by design principles into applications is to include privacy requirements in software development practices, because this ensures that privacy is considered and integrated from the early stages of the design process and throughout the entire lifecycle of the application. Software development practices include activities such as defining the scope, objectives, and specifications of the application, identifying and analyzing the privacy risks and impacts, selecting and implementing the appropriate privacy-enhancing technologies and controls, testing and validating the privacy functionality and performance, and monitoring and reviewing the privacy compliance and effectiveness of the application. By including privacy requirements in software development practices, the organization can achieve a proactive, preventive, and embedded approach to privacy that aligns with the privacy by design principles.
References:
CDPSE Review Manual, 2023 Edition, Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Section 2.1.2: Privacy Requirements, p. 75 CDPSE Review Manual, 2023 Edition, Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Section 2.2.1: Privacy by Design Methodology, p. 79-80 The 7 Principles of Privacy by Design | Blog | OneTrust1
質問 # 30
How can an organization BEST ensure its vendors are complying with data privacy requirements defined in their contracts?
- A. Obtain independent assessments of the vendors' data management processes.
- B. Review self-attestations of compliance provided by vendor management.
- C. Compare contract requirements against vendor deliverables.
- D. Perform penetration tests of the vendors' data security.
正解：C
質問 # 31
Which of the following scenarios poses the GREATEST risk to an organization from a privacy perspective?
- A. The organization lacks a hardware disposal policy.
- B. Privacy training is carried out by a service provider.
- C. The organization's privacy policy has not been reviewed in over a year.
- D. Emails are not consistently encrypted when sent internally.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The scenario that poses the greatest risk to an organization from a privacy perspective is that the organization lacks a hardware disposal policy. A hardware disposal policy is a policy that defines how the organization should dispose of or destroy hardware devices that contain or process personal data, such as laptops, servers, hard drives, USBs, etc. A hardware disposal policy should ensure that personal data is securely erased or overwritten before the hardware device is discarded, recycled, donated, or sold. A hardware disposal policy should also comply with the applicable privacy regulations and standards that govern data retention and destruction. By lacking a hardware disposal policy, the organization exposes personal data to potential threats, such as theft, loss, or unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or transfer. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 123
質問 # 32
When contracting with a Software as a Service (SaaS) provider, which of the following is the MOST important contractual requirement to ensure data privacy at service termination?
- A. Encryption of customer data
- B. De-identification of customer data
- C. Removal of customer data
- D. Destruction of customer data
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
When contracting with a SaaS provider, it is important to ensure that the provider will remove all customer data from their systems and storage devices at the end of the service contract. This will prevent any unauthorized access, use, or disclosure of the customer data by the provider or third parties after the service termination. Removal of customer data means that the data are permanently erased and cannot be recovered or restored by any means.
References:
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 9: Data Disposal, p. 16-171
* ISACA, CDPSE Review Manual 2021, Chapter 4: Privacy Incident Response, Section 4.2: Data Disposal and Destruction, p. 151-152.
質問 # 33
Which of the following zones within a data lake requires sensitive data to be encrypted or tokenized?
- A. Clean zone
- B. Trusted zone
- C. Raw zone
- D. Temporal zone
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A raw zone is a zone within a data lake that contains unprocessed or unstructured data that is ingested from various sources without any transformation or validation. A raw zone may contain sensitive data that has not been identified or classified yet, such as personal data. Therefore, sensitive data in a raw zone should be encrypted or tokenized to protect its confidentiality and integrity. Encryption is a process of transforming data into an unreadable form using a secret key or algorithm. Tokenization is a process of replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive substitutes called tokens. Both encryption and tokenization help to prevent unauthorized or unlawful access, use, disclosure, or transfer of sensitive data in a raw zone. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 169
質問 # 34
Which of the following deployed at an enterprise level will MOST effectively block malicious tracking of user Internet browsing?
- A. Domain name system (DNS) sinkhole
- B. Desktop antivirus software
- C. Website URL blacklisting
- D. Web application firewall (WAF)
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Domain name system (DNS) sinkhole is a technology that redirects malicious or unwanted domain names to alternative destinations, such as a fake or harmless website, a warning page, or a null address. DNS sinkhole is the most effective technology deployed at an enterprise level to block malicious tracking of user internet browsing, as it would prevent users from accessing websites that use tracking technologies, such as cookies, web beacons, or fingerprinting, to collect and analyze user behavior or preferences. DNS sinkhole would also protect users from other malicious activities, such as malware distribution, phishing attempts, or botnet command and control. The other options are not as effective as DNS sinkhole in blocking malicious tracking of user internet browsing at an enterprise level. Web application firewall (WAF) is a technology that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing web traffic to protect web applications from attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, or denial-of-service (DoS), but it does not block malicious tracking of user internet browsing. Website URL blacklisting is a method of blocking access to websites that are known or suspected to be malicious or harmful, but it does not block malicious tracking of user internet browsing from unknown or legitimate websites that use tracking technologies. Desktop antivirus software is a technology that scans and removes viruses, malware, spyware, or other threats from desktop computers or devices, but it does not block malicious tracking of user internet browsing from websites that use tracking technologies1, p. 92 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 35
An organization has a policy requiring the encryption of personal data if transmitted through email. Which of the following is the BEST control to ensure the effectiveness of this policy?
- A. Conduct regular control self-assessments (CSAs).
- B. Provide periodic user awareness training on data encryption.
- C. Implement a data loss prevention (DLP) tool.
- D. Enforce annual attestation to policy compliance.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A data loss prevention (DLP) tool is a software solution that monitors, detects and prevents the unauthorized transmission or leakage of sensitive data, such as personal data, from an organization's network or devices. A DLP tool can help to ensure the effectiveness of a policy requiring the encryption of personal data if transmitted through email, by applying the following controls:
Scanning the content and attachments of outgoing emails for personal data, such as names, email addresses, biometric data, IP addresses, etc.
Blocking or quarantining emails that contain unencrypted personal data, and alerting the sender and/or the administrator of the policy violation.
Encrypting personal data automatically before sending them through email, using encryption standards and algorithms that are compliant with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).
Generating audit logs and reports of email activities and incidents involving personal data, and providing visibility and accountability for policy compliance.
The other options are less effective or irrelevant to ensure the effectiveness of the policy. Providing periodic user awareness training on data encryption is a good practice, but it does not guarantee that users will follow the policy or know how to encrypt personal data properly. Conducting regular control self-assessments (CSAs) is a useful method to evaluate the design and operation of the policy, but it does not prevent or detect policy violations in real time. Enforcing annual attestation to policy compliance is a formal way to demonstrate user commitment to the policy, but it does not verify or measure the actual level of compliance.
References:
The Complexity Conundrum: Simplifying Data Security - ISACA, section 3: "Data loss prevention (DLP) solutions can help prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information by monitoring network traffic for specific keywords or patterns." Guide to Securing Personal Data in Electronic Medium, section 3.2: "Organisations should consider implementing DLP solutions to prevent unauthorised disclosure of personal data via email." Encryption in the Hands of End Users - ISACA, section 2: "A key goal of encryption is to protect the file even when direct access is possible or the transfer is intercepted."
質問 # 36
Which of the following is the PRIMARY consideration to ensure control of remote access is aligned to the privacy policy?
- A. Active remote access is monitored.
- B. Access is logged on the virtual private network (VPN).
- C. Multi-factor authentication is enabled.
- D. Access is only granted to authorized users.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The primary consideration to ensure control of remote access is aligned to the privacy policy is that access is only granted to authorized users. This means that the organization should implement and enforce policies and procedures to identify, authenticate, and authorize users who need to access personal data remotely, such as employees, contractors, or service providers. The organization should also define and communicate the roles and responsibilities of remote users, and the terms and conditions of remote access, such as the purpose, scope, duration, and security measures. By granting access only to authorized users, the organization can protect data privacy by preventing unauthorized or unnecessary access, use, disclosure, or transfer of personal data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 107
質問 # 37
Which of the following BEST ensures an effective data privacy policy is implemented?
- A. Aligning regulatory requirements with business needs
- B. Providing a comprehensive review of the policy for all business units
- C. Developing a clear privacy statement with documented objectives
- D. Incorporating data privacy regulations from all jurisdictions
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The best way to ensure an effective data privacy policy is implemented is to align regulatory requirements with business needs, because this will help achieve compliance while also supporting the organization's objectives, values, and strategies. A data privacy policy should reflect the legal obligations and expectations of the organization, as well as the needs and preferences of its stakeholders, such as customers, employees, partners, and regulators. A data privacy policy should also be flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances and environments12.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 1 - Privacy Governance (Governance, Management & Risk Management), Task 3: Participate in the evaluation of privacy policies, programs and policies for their alignment with legal requirements, regulatory requirements and/or industry best practices3.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.2 - Privacy Policy4.
質問 # 38
Which of the following tracking technologies associated with unsolicited targeted advertisements presents the GREATEST privacy risk?
- A. Online behavioral tracking
- B. Beacon-based tracking
- C. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
- D. Website cookies
正解：D
質問 # 39
Which of the following deployed at an enterprise level will MOST effectively block malicious tracking of user Internet browsing?
- A. Web application firewall (WAF)
- B. Domain name system (DNS) sinkhole
- C. Desktop antivirus software
- D. Website URL blacklisting
正解：A
質問 # 40
An organization Wishes to deploy strong encryption to its most critical and sensitive databases. Which of the following is the BEST way to safeguard the encryption keys?
- A. Ensure the keys are stored in a remote server.
- B. Ensure key management responsibility is assigned to the privacy officer.
- C. Ensure the keys are stored in a cryptographic vault.
- D. Ensure all access to the keys is under dual control_
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The best way to safeguard the encryption keys is to ensure that they are stored in a cryptographic vault. A cryptographic vault is a secure hardware or software module that provides cryptographic services and protects the keys from unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure. A cryptographic vault can also provide other functions, such as key generation, key backup, key rotation, key destruction, and key auditing. A cryptographic vault can enhance the security and privacy of the encrypted data by preventing key compromise, leakage, or misuse. A cryptographic vault can also comply with the security standards and best practices for key management, such as the ISO/IEC 27002, NIST SP 800-57, or PCI DSS. References:
* [ISACA Glossary of Terms]
* [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3, Section 3.3.3]
* [ISACA Journal, Volume 4, 2019, "Key Management in the Multi-Cloud Environment"]
* [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3, Section 3.3.4]
質問 # 41
Which of the following is MOST likely to present a valid use case for keeping a customer's personal data after contract termination?
- A. A required retention period due to regulations
- B. For the purpose of medical research
- C. Ease of onboarding when the customer returns
- D. A forthcoming campaign to win back customers
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Data retention is a process of keeping personal data for a specified period of time for legitimate purposes, such as legal obligations, contractual agreements, business operations or historical records. Data retention should be based on the principle of data minimization, which requires limiting the collection, storage and processing of personal data to what is necessary and relevant for the intended purposes. Data retention should also comply with the principle of storage limitation, which requires deleting or disposing of personal data when it is no longer needed or justified. The most likely valid use case for keeping a customer's personal data after contract termination is a required retention period due to regulations, such as tax laws, financial laws, health laws or consumer protection laws, that mandate the organization to retain certain types of customer data for a certain period of time after the end of the contractual relationship. The other options are not valid use cases for keeping a customer's personal data after contract termination, as they do not meet the criteria of necessity, relevance or justification. For the purpose of medical research, the organization would need to obtain the consent of the customer or have another legal basis for processing their personal data for a different purpose than the original contract. A forthcoming campaign to win back customers or ease of onboarding when the customer returns are not legitimate purposes for retaining customer data after contract termination, as they are not related to the original contract and may violate the customer's privacy rights and preferences. , p.
99-100 References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 42
Before executive leadership approves a new data privacy policy, it is MOST important to ensure:
- A. a privacy committee is established.
- B. a training program is developed.
- C. a distribution methodology is identified.
- D. a legal review is conducted.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A legal review is the most important thing to ensure before executive leadership approves a new data privacy policy, as it would help to verify and validate the accuracy, completeness and compliance of the policy with the applicable laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure and transfer of personal data. A legal review would also help to identify and address any gaps, inconsistencies or conflicts in the policy, and to provide legal advice or guidance on the implementation and enforcement of the policy. The other options are not as important as a legal review in ensuring before executive leadership approves a new data privacy policy.
A training program is a method of educating and informing the employees and stakeholders about the new data privacy policy, its objectives, requirements and implications, but it does not ensure the quality or compliance of the policy itself. A privacy committee is a group of individuals who are responsible for overseeing, monitoring and evaluating the organization's data privacy program, policies and practices, but it does not ensure the quality or compliance of the policy itself. A distribution methodology is a method of disseminating and communicating the new data privacy policy to the employees and stakeholders, such as email, intranet, website or newsletter, but it does not ensure the quality or compliance of the policy itself1, p. 98 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 43
A technology company has just launched a mobile application tor tracking health symptoms_ This application is built on a mobile device technology stack that allows users to share their location and details of their symptoms. Which of the following is the GREATEST privacy concern with collecting this data via mobile devices?
- A. Encryption of key data elements
- B. Data storage requirements
- C. Client-side device ID
- D. Data usage without consent
正解：D
質問 # 44
Which of the following helps define data retention time is a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data?
- A. Data lake configuration
- B. Data privacy standards
- C. Privacy impact assessments (PIAs)
- D. Information security assessments
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A privacy impact assessment (PIA) is a systematic process of identifying and evaluating the potential privacy risks and impacts of a data processing activity or system. A PIA helps to ensure that privacy is considered and integrated into the design and development of data processing activities or systems, and that privacy risks are mitigated or eliminated. A PIA also helps to determine the appropriate retention periods for personal data based on the purpose and necessity of the data processing, as well as the legal and regulatory obligations that apply to the data. Therefore, a PIA helps to define data retention time in a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 99
質問 # 45
An organization's data destruction guidelines should require hard drives containing personal data to go through which of the following processes prior to being crushed?
- A. Low-level formatting
- B. Degaussing
- C. Remote partitioning
- D. Hammer strike
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Degaussing is a hard drive sanitation method that uses a powerful magnetic field to erase or destroy the data stored on a magnetic disk or tape. Degaussing should be used to sanitize hard drives containing personal data prior to being crushed, as it provides an additional layer of assurance that data has been permanently erased and cannot be recovered by any means. Degaussing also damages the drive itself, making it unusable for future storage. The other options are not effective or necessary hard drive sanitation methods prior to being crushed.
Low-level formatting is a hard drive sanitation method that erases the data and the partition table on the drive, but it may leave some traces of data that can be recovered by forensic tools or software. Remote partitioning is a hard drive sanitation method that creates separate logical sections on the drive, but it does not erase or destroy the data on the drive. Hammer strike is a hard drive sanitation method that physically damages the drive by hitting it with a hammer, but it may not erase or destroy the data completely or prevent data recovery by advanced tools or techniques1, p. 93-94 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 46
It is MOST important to consider privacy by design principles during which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
- A. Requirements definition
- B. Application design
- C. Implementation
- D. Testing
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Requirements definition is a phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) that involves gathering, analyzing and documenting the functional and non-functional requirements of the software system or application, such as features, performance, security and usability. It is most important to consider privacy by design principles during this phase, as it would help to ensure that privacy is embedded and integrated into the software system or application from the outset, rather than as an afterthought or an add-on. Considering privacy by design principles during requirements definition would also help to avoid costly rework or delays later in the SDLC, as well as to enhance customer trust and satisfaction, and comply with privacy laws and regulations. The other options are not as important as requirements definition in considering privacy by design principles. Application design is a phase of the SDLC that involves creating and specifying the architecture, components, interfaces and data models of the software system or application, based on the requirements defined in the previous phase. Implementation is a phase of the SDLC that involves coding, testing and debugging the software system or application, based on the design specifications created in the previous phase. Testing is a phase of the SDLC that involves verifying and validating that the software system or application meets the requirements and expectations of the users and stakeholders, as well as identifying and fixing any defects or errors1, p. 88-89 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 47
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason that organizations need to map the data flows of personal data?
- A. To determine data integration gaps
- B. To evaluate effectiveness of data controls
- C. To assess privacy risks
- D. To comply with regulations
正解：C
質問 # 48
Which of the following BEST represents privacy threat modeling methodology?
- A. Replicating privacy scenarios that reflect representative software usage
- B. Reliably estimating a threat actor's ability to exploit privacy vulnerabilities
- C. Systematically eliciting and mitigating privacy threats in a software architecture
- D. Mitigating inherent risks and threats associated with privacy control weaknesses
正解：D
質問 # 49
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason to complete a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?
- A. To classify personal data
- B. To establish privacy breach response procedures
- C. To understand privacy risks
- D. To comply with consumer regulatory requirements
正解：D
質問 # 50
An organization is considering the use of remote employee monitoring software. Which of the following is the MOST important privacy consideration when implementing this solution?
- A. Data should be used to improve employee performance.
- B. Data analysis should be used to set staffing levels
- C. Data should be retained per the organization's retention policy
- D. Data access should be restricted based on roles.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Remote employee monitoring software is a solution that collects, analyzes and reports data on the activities and behaviors of employees who work remotely or from home. It can help organizations to measure and improve employee productivity, performance, engagement and security. However, it also poses significant privacy risks and challenges, as it may involve the collection and processing of personal data, such as names, email addresses, biometric data, IP addresses, keystrokes, screenshots, web browsing history, app usage, communication content and frequency, etc.
Data access should be restricted based on roles, meaning that only authorized and legitimate parties should be able to access and use the data collected by the remote employee monitoring software, based on their roles and responsibilities within the organization. This is a key privacy principle and practice that helps to protect the privacy rights and interests of the employees, and to prevent unauthorized or excessive access, use, disclosure or modification of their personal data by the organization or third parties. Data access restriction based on roles also helps to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require data controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to safeguard personal data.
References:
Mobile Workforce Security Considerations and Privacy - ISACA, section 3: "The principle of least privilege should be applied to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to the data." Why Employee Privacy Matters More Than Ever - ISACA, section 3: "Privacy-first monitoring should include granular privacy controls, including: Auto-redacting personal information; Restricting access to sensitive information based on role; Masking sensitive information from view."
質問 # 51
When using anonymization techniques to prevent unauthorized access to personal data, which of the following is the MOST important consideration to ensure the data is adequately protected?
- A. The data must be protected by multi-factor authentication.
- B. The key must be kept separate and distinct from the data it protects.
- C. The key must be a combination of alpha and numeric characters.
- D. The data must be stored in locations protected by data loss prevention (DLP) technology.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Anonymization is a technique that removes or modifies personal data in such a way that it can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject. Anonymization can be achieved by various methods, such as encryption, pseudonymization, aggregation, generalization, etc. When using anonymization techniques to prevent unauthorized access to personal data, the most important consideration to ensure the data is adequately protected is that the key must be kept separate and distinct from the data it protects. The key is a piece of information that is used to reverse the anonymization process and restore the original personal data. The key must be stored and managed in a secure location that is different from where the anonymized data is stored and processed. This way, even if the anonymized data is compromised, the key cannot be accessed or used to re-identify the data subjects. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 29
質問 # 52
An organization is concerned with authorized individuals accessing sensitive personal customer information to use for unauthorized purposes. Which of the following technologies is the BEST choice to mitigate this risk?
- A. Intrusion monitoring
- B. Email filtering system
- C. User behavior analytics
- D. Mobile device management (MDM)
正解：A
質問 # 53
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ISACA CDPSE認定試験は、データプライバシーソリューションエンジニアリングに関連する幅広いトピックをカバーしています。これらのトピックには、データプライバシーガバナンス、データプライバシープログラム管理、データプライバシーアセスメント、およびデータプライバシーソリューションの設計と実装が含まれます。試験は、データプライバシーに関する法的および規制上の要件、および新興技術がデータプライバシーに与える影響もカバーしています。
Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer認証サンプル問題と練習試験：https://jp.fast2test.com/CDPSE-premium-file.html
リアルな試験問題と解答でISACA CDPSE問題集が待ってます：https://drive.google.com/open?id=18pRgYEm9jCp7vgu5XaAA6HNLEz5E3GqU