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ISACA CDPSE認定は、データプライバシーソリューションでの少なくとも3年の経験を含む、情報技術の少なくとも5年の経験を持つ専門家に公開されています。候補者はまた、教育要件を満たし、CDPSE認定を獲得するために認定試験に合格する必要があります。試験は年間を通じてさまざまな時期に提供され、Isacaテストセンターでオンラインまたは直接採用することができます。
質問 # 117
An organization want to develop an application programming interface (API) to seamlessly exchange personal data with an application hosted by a third-party service provider. What should be the FIRST step when developing an application link?
- A. Data normalization
- B. Data mapping
- C. Data tagging
- D. Data hashing
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Data mapping is the process of defining how data elements from different sources are related, transformed, and transferred to a common destination. Data mapping is the first step when developing an application link because it helps to ensure that the data exchanged between the API and the third-party application is consistent, accurate, and compatible. Data mapping also helps to identify any gaps, errors, or conflicts in the data and resolve them before the data transfer occurs.
References:
* What is Data Mapping?, Talend
* Data Mapping: What It Is and How to Do It, Xplenty
質問 # 118
A global organization is planning to implement a customer relationship management (CRM) system to be used in offices based in multiple countries. Which of the following is the MOST important data protection consideration for this project?
- A. Encryption algorithms for securing customer personal data at rest and in transit
- B. Industry best practice related to information security standards in each relevant jurisdiction
- C. Identity and access management mechanisms to restrict access based on need to know
- D. National data privacy legislative and regulatory requirements in each relevant jurisdiction
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
National data privacy legislative and regulatory requirements in each relevant jurisdiction are the most important data protection consideration for a global organization that is planning to implement a customer relationship management (CRM) system to be used in offices based in multiple countries, as they would determine the legal obligations and responsibilities of the organization with respect to the collection, use, disclosure and transfer of customer personal data across different jurisdictions. National data privacy legislative and regulatory requirements may vary significantly from country to country, depending on the type or nature of personal data or data processing activities, and may impose different rules and standards for obtaining consent, providing notice, ensuring security, enforcing rights, reporting breaches, appointing representatives or transferring data. The organization would need to comply with the national data privacy legislative and regulatory requirements in each relevant jurisdiction where it operates or where its customers are located, and to implement appropriate measures and safeguards to ensure compliance. The other options are not as important as national data privacy legislative and regulatory requirements in each relevant jurisdiction as data protection considerations for a global organization that is planning to implement a CRM system to be used in offices based in multiple countries. Industry best practice related to information security standards in each relevant jurisdiction may provide some guidance or benchmarks for ensuring security of customer personal data, but they may not reflect the specific context or needs of the organization or the customers, or comply with the legal obligations and responsibilities of the organization. Identity and access management mechanisms to restrict access based on need to know may help to protect customer personal data from unauthorized access, modification or disclosure by internal or external parties, but they may not address other aspects of data protection, such as consent, notice, rights, breaches, representatives or transfers. Encryption algorithms for securing customer personal data at rest and in transit may help to protect customer personal data from unauthorized access, modification or disclosure by internal or external parties, but they may not address other aspects of data protection, such as consent, notice, rights, breaches, representatives or transfers1, p. 63-64 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
質問 # 119
Which of the following is the PRIMARY objective of privacy incident response?
- A. To reduce privacy risk to the lowest possible level
- B. To optimize the costs associated with privacy incidents
- C. To mitigate the impact of privacy incidents
- D. To ensure data subjects impacted by privacy incidents are notified.
正解：C
質問 # 120
Which of the following is the BEST way for an organization to gain visibility into Its exposure to privacy-related vulnerabilities?
- A. Perform an analysis of known threats.
- B. Monitor inbound and outbound communications.
- C. Review historical privacy incidents in the organization.
- D. Implement a data loss prevention (DLP) solution.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
An analysis of known threats is the best way for an organization to gain visibility into its exposure to privacy-related vulnerabilities because it helps identify the sources, methods and impacts of potential privacy breaches and assess the effectiveness of existing controls. A data loss prevention (DLP) solution, a review of historical privacy incidents and a monitoring of inbound and outbound communications are useful tools for detecting and preventing privacy violations, but they do not provide a comprehensive view of the organization's privacy risk posture.
References:
* CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), Domain 1: Privacy Governance, Task 1.4: Coordinate and/or perform privacy impact assessments (PIA) and other privacy-focused assessments1
* CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 2: Privacy
* Governance, Section: Privacy Risk Assessment2
質問 # 121
An organization is considering the use of remote employee monitoring software. Which of the following is the MOST important privacy consideration when implementing this solution?
- A. Data access should be restricted based on roles.
- B. Data should be retained per the organization's retention policy
- C. Data should be used to improve employee performance.
- D. Data analysis should be used to set staffing levels
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Remote employee monitoring software is a solution that collects, analyzes and reports data on the activities and behaviors of employees who work remotely or from home. It can help organizations to measure and improve employee productivity, performance, engagement and security. However, it also poses significant privacy risks and challenges, as it may involve the collection and processing of personal data, such as names, email addresses, biometric data, IP addresses, keystrokes, screenshots, web browsing history, app usage, communication content and frequency, etc.
Data access should be restricted based on roles, meaning that only authorized and legitimate parties should be able to access and use the data collected by the remote employee monitoring software, based on their roles and responsibilities within the organization. This is a key privacy principle and practice that helps to protect the privacy rights and interests of the employees, and to prevent unauthorized or excessive access, use, disclosure or modification of their personal data by the organization or third parties. Data access restriction based on roles also helps to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require data controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to safeguard personal data.
References:
* Mobile Workforce Security Considerations and Privacy - ISACA, section 3: "The principle of least privilege should be applied to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to the data."
* Why Employee Privacy Matters More Than Ever - ISACA, section 3: "Privacy-first monitoring should include granular privacy controls, including: Auto-redacting personal information; Restricting access to sensitive information based on role; Masking sensitive information from view."
質問 # 122
Before executive leadership approves a new data privacy policy, it is MOST important to ensure:
- A. a privacy committee is established.
- B. a distribution methodology is identified.
- C. a training program is developed.
- D. a legal review is conducted.
正解：A
質問 # 123
Which of the following should be done FIRST when performing a data quality assessment?
- A. Define data quality rules.
- B. Establish business thresholds-
- C. Assess completeness of the data inventory.
- D. Identify the data owner.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The first step when performing a data quality assessment is to assess the completeness of the data inventory, which is a comprehensive list of all data assets within the organization. This will help identify the scope, sources, owners, and characteristics of the data to be assessed. The other options are possible actions that may be taken after the data inventory is complete, depending on the objectives and criteria of the assessment.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 3 - Data Lifecycle (Data Quality), Task 1: Perform a data quality assessment1.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3 - Data Lifecycle, Section 3.2 - Data Quality2.
質問 # 124
An online business posts its customer data protection notice that includes a statement indicating information is collected on how products are used, the content viewed, and the time and duration of online activities. Which data protection principle is applied?
- A. Data use limitation
- B. Data integrity and confidentiality
- C. System use requirements
- D. Lawfulness and fairness
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Lawfulness and fairness is a data protection principle that states that personal data should be processed in a lawful, fair, and transparent manner in relation to the data subject. This means that personal data should be collected and used for legitimate purposes that are specified and communicated to the data subject, and that respect the rights and interests of the data subject. By posting its customer data protection notice that includes a statement indicating information is collected on how products are used, the content viewed, and the time and duration of online activities, an online business is applying the lawfulness and fairness principle. The online business is informing the customers about the purpose and scope of data collection, and obtaining their consent or legal basis for processing their personal data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page
2
質問 # 125
Data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this concern?
- A. Validate contract compliance.
- B. Obtain independent assurance of current practices.
- C. Re-assess the information security requirements.
- D. Review the privacy policy.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The best way to address the concern that data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice is to validate contract compliance. This means that the organization should verify that the third-party vendor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the contract, which should include clauses on data protection, privacy, and security. The contract should also specify the obligations and responsibilities of both parties regarding data collection, processing, storage, transfer, retention, and disposal. By validating contract compliance, the organization can ensure that the third-party vendor is following the same privacy standards and practices as the organization.
References:
* ISACA, CDPSE Review Manual 2021, Chapter 2: Privacy Governance, Section 2.3: Third-Party Management, p. 51-52.
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 8: Third-Party Management, p. 14-151
質問 # 126
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason that a single cryptographic key should be used for only one purpose, such as encryption or authentication?
- A. It minimizes the risk if the cryptographic key is compromised.
- B. Each process can only be supported by its own unique key management process.
- C. It is more practical and efficient to use a single cryptographic key.
- D. It eliminates cryptographic key collision.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The primary reason that a single cryptographic key should be used for only one purpose, such as encryption or authentication, is that it minimizes the risk if the cryptographic key is compromised. A cryptographic key is a piece of information that is used to perform cryptographic operations, such as encryption or authentication.
Encryption is a process of transforming data into an unreadable form using a secret key or algorithm.
Authentication is a process of verifying the identity or integrity of a user or data using a secret key or algorithm. If a single cryptographic key is used for multiple purposes, such as encryption and authentication, it increases the risk if the cryptographic key is compromised. For example, if an attacker obtains the cryptographic key that is used for both encryption and authentication, they can decrypt and access personal data, as well as impersonate or modify legitimate users or data. Therefore, a single cryptographic key should be used for only one purpose, and different keys should be used for different purposes. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 107
質問 # 127
Which of the following should be done FIRST to establish privacy to design when developing a contact-tracing application?
- A. Conduct a development environment review.
- B. Conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
- C. Identify differential privacy techniques.
- D. Identify privacy controls for the application.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA) should be done first to establish privacy by design when developing a contact-tracing application. A PIA is a systematic process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of personal data processing operations on the privacy of individuals and the organization. A PIA helps to identify privacy risks and mitigation strategies at an early stage of development and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Conducting a development environment review, identifying privacy controls, or identifying differential privacy techniques are important steps in privacy by design, but they should be done after conducting a PIA. References: CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain
2, Task 2.1
質問 # 128
An organization has initiated a project to enhance privacy protections by improving its information security controls. Which of the following is the MOST useful action to help define the scope of the project?
- A. Identify databases that do not have encryption in place.
- B. Review recent audit reports on the internal control environment
- C. Review proposed privacy rules that govern the processing of personal data
- D. Identify databases that contain personal data
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Reviewing proposed privacy rules that govern the processing of personal data is the most useful action to help define the scope of the project because it helps identify the legal and regulatory requirements, the data protection principles and the privacy objectives that the information security controls need to support.
Reviewing recent audit reports, identifying databases that contain personal data or do not have encryption in place are helpful actions to assess the current state of privacy and security, but they do not provide a clear direction for the project scope.
References:
CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Task 2.1: Identify and/or define privacy requirements1 CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 3: Privacy Architecture, Section: Privacy Requirements2
質問 # 129
Which of the following should be of GREATEST concern when an organization wants to store personal data in the cloud?
- A. Any vulnerabilities identified in the cloud system
- B. The data recovery capabilities of the storage provider
- C. The data security policies and practices of the storage provider
- D. The organization's potential legal liabilities related to the data
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The organization's potential legal liabilities related to the data should be of greatest concern when an organization wants to store personal data in the cloud, as it may expose the organization to various compliance risks, such as data breach notification laws, data protection regulations, data sovereignty laws, and contractual obligations. The organization should ensure that the cloud storage provider complies with the applicable legal and regulatory requirements, and that the organization retains control and ownership of the data. The organization should also conduct due diligence and risk assessment of the cloud storage provider before entering into a contract. References: 2 Domain 2, Task 9; 4
質問 # 130
Which of the following system architectures BEST supports anonymity for data transmission?
- A. Peer-to-peer
- B. Plug-in-based
- C. Client-server
- D. Front-end
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A peer-to-peer (P2P) system architecture is a network model where each node (peer) can act as both a client and a server, and communicate directly with other peers without relying on a centralized authority or intermediary. A P2P system architecture best supports anonymity for data transmission, by providing the following advantages:
* It can hide the identity and location of the peers, by using encryption, pseudonyms, proxies, or onion routing techniques, such as Tor1 or I2P2. These techniques can prevent eavesdropping, tracking, or censorship by third parties, such as Internet service providers, governments, or hackers.
* It can distribute the data across multiple peers, by using hashing, replication, or fragmentation techniques, such as BitTorrent3 or IPFS4. These techniques can reduce the risk of data loss, corruption,
* or tampering by malicious peers, and increase the availability and resilience of the data.
* It can enable the peers to control their own data, by using consensus, validation, or incentive mechanisms, such as blockchain5 or smart contracts. These mechanisms can ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data transactions, and enforce the privacy policies and preferences of the data owners.
質問 # 131
An organization is planning a new implementation for tracking consumer web browser activity. Which of the following should be done FIRST?
- A. Seek approval from regulatory authorities.
- B. Obtain consent from the organization's clients.
- C. Review and update the cookie policy.
- D. Conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA).
正解：A
質問 # 132
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