PDF問題（2023年最新）実際のUSGBC LEED-Green-Associate試験問題
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質問 # 57
What is the unit of measure for water closets?
- A. Average usage per hour
- B. Gallons (Liters) per person
- C. Usage per full time employee
- D. Gallons (Liters) per flush
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Water closets, also known as toilets, are fixtures that use water to flush human waste into a sewer or septic system. The unit of measure for water closets is gallons (liters) per flush, which indicates the amount of water used for each flushing cycle. The water efficiency of waterclosets can vary depending on the design, technology, and regulation of the fixture. The LEED rating system encourages the use of water-efficient fixtures that reduce water consumption and wastewater generation12. References: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, EPA's WaterSense Toilets2
質問 # 58
Which of the following sites is most appropriate to encourage a walkable street design?
- A. A neighborhood that includes a diversity of use
- B. A development that uses many culs-de-sac in the street design
- C. An area with a decreased building-height-to-street-width ratio
- D. A project in an area designed with streets to facilitate increased speed limits
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A neighborhood that includes a diversity of uses is most appropriate to encourage a walkable street design. A diversity of uses means that different types of activities and functions are located within walking distance of each other, such as residential, commercial, retail, educational, recreational, cultural, and civic uses. A diversity of uses creates a vibrant and lively neighborhood that attracts pedestrians and supports social interaction. A walkable street design also incorporates elements such as sidewalks, crosswalks, street trees, lighting, benches, bike lanes, public transit stops, and reduced vehicle speeds to enhance pedestrian safety and comfort. The other options are not appropriate to encourage a walkable street design. An area with a decreased building-height-to-street-width ratio creates a wide and open street that exposes pedestrians to more sun and wind, reducing their comfort level. A development that uses many culs-de-sac in the street design creates a disconnected and irregular street network that limits pedestrian access and mobility. A project in an area designed with streets to facilitate increased speed limits prioritizes vehicle movement over pedestrian safety and comfort. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, page 29; USGBC [Location & Transportation], page 2-3.
質問 # 59
The amount of landfill-destined waste generated during project construction can be reduced by requiring the general contractor to
- A. take advantage of municipal waste pick-up to reduce the weight of the project's construction material scraps
- B. follow requirements for using dimensional construction materials, prefabrication or material efficient framing
- C. use contractor vehicles to disperse waste materials to multiple disposal sites within the project region
- D. burn paper and cardboard materials on-site
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The amount of landfill-destined waste generated during project construction can be reduced by requiring the general contractor to follow requirements for using dimensional construction materials, prefabrication or material efficient framing. These methods reduce the amount of material waste by minimizing cutting, fitting, and trimming on site, and by using standardized or modular components that can be easily reused or recycled.
The LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook states that one of the strategies for achieving materials and resources efficiency is to "reduce construction waste through efficient framing techniques" [1, p.
15]. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, [Reducing Construction Waste | U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency]
質問 # 60
Which of the following is a cause of surface water degradation?
- A. Rainwater harvesting
- B. Expansion of pervious surfaces
- C. Expansion of impervious surfaces
- D. Expansion of outdoor filtration systems
正解：C
解説：
One of the causes of surface water degradation is the expansion of impervious surfaces. Impervious surfaces are those that do not allow water to infiltrate into the soil, such as roads, parking lots, rooftops, and sidewalks. Impervious surfaces increase the amount and speed of stormwater runoff, which can carry pollutants, sediments, nutrients, and pathogens into surface water bodies such as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Impervious surfaces also reduce groundwater recharge, lower base flow in streams, increase flooding and erosion, alter stream morphology and habitat, and affect water temperature and dissolved oxygen levels2. Therefore, impervious surfaces can have significant negative impacts on the quality and quantity of surface water resources. Reference: Surface Water as a cause of land degradation from dryland salinity3; What is Water Pollution?4
質問 # 61
In addition to the temperature and air movement, what is another factor to consider when implementing Thermal Comfort strategies?
- A. Combustion processes from vehicles
- B. Carbon dioxide concentrations
- C. Methane off-gassing
- D. Humidity
正解：D
解説：
In addition to temperature and air movement, humidity is another factor to consider when implementing thermal comfort strategies. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air, which affects how warm or cool people feel. High humidity can make people feel hotter and more uncomfortable, while low humidity can cause dryness and irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Thermal comfort strategies should aim to maintain an optimal level of humidity that balances human comfort and health with energy efficiency and moisture control. The other options are not factors to consider when implementing thermal comfort strategies. Methane off-gassing is the release of methane gas from organic matter decomposition or anaerobic digestion, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Carbon dioxide concentrations are a measure of indoor air quality that indicates the level of ventilation and fresh air supply in a space. Combustion processes from vehicles are sources of outdoor air pollution that emit carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and other harmful substances. Reference: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, page 29; USGBC, [Indoor Environmental Quality], page 2.
質問 # 62
Installing which of the following will increase the quantity of the rainwater that is discharged from a site?
- A. Vegetated roof
- B. Bioswales and ram gardens with native plants
- C. Porous pavers for parking lots
- D. Concrete sidewalks and parking areas
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Installing concrete sidewalks and parking areas will increase the quantity of the rainwater that is discharged from a site. Rainwater is the water that falls as precipitation on a site. Rainwater discharge is the amount of rainwater that leaves a site as surface runoff or subsurface flow. Rainwater discharge can affect the quantity and quality of water resources downstream by causing erosion, flooding, sedimentation, pollution, and habitat loss. Concrete sidewalks and parking areas are examples of impervious surfaces that prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the soil and increase rainwater discharge by creating more runoff1 . References: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, EPA's Stormwater Management
質問 # 63
Which of the following Is a source of green power?
- A. Nuclear fission
- B. Clean coal
- C. Natural gas captured by hydraulic fracturing
- D. Wind turbine
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A wind turbine is a source of green power, which is electricity generated from renewable sources that have low or zero greenhouse gas emissions. A wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used to generate electricity. Wind power is a clean, abundant, and sustainable form of energy that does not produce air pollution or contribute to climate change. According to the U.S.
Department of Energy, wind power accounted for about 8.4% of the total U.S. electricity generation in 2020.
The other options are not sources of green power, as they either rely on fossil fuels or nuclear energy, which have significant environmental and social impacts. Clean coal is a term used to describe technologies that aim to reduce the emissions and waste from burning coal, but it is still a carbon-intensive and polluting source of energy. Nuclear fission is a process that splits atoms to release energy, but it also produces radioactive waste that poses long-term health and safety risks. Natural gas captured by hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a process that injects water, chemicals, and sand into underground rock formations to release natural gas, but it also causes water contamination, air pollution, and seismic activity. References: LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, p. 347 1; [U.S. Department of Energy website]
質問 # 64
Which describes the difference between graywater and blackwater?
- A. Graywater is approved for human consumption and may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems, whereas blackwater is comprised of wastewater from toilets and urinals
- B. Graywater includes wastewater from lavatory faucets, whereas blackwater includes waste water from toilets and urinals
- C. Graywater may be used for irrigation or drinking, but blackwater should only be used as a source of process water
- D. Graywater includes storm water and potable water, whereas blackwater Includes stormwater and Irrigation
正解：B
解説：
Graywater includes wastewater from lavatory faucets, whereas blackwater includes wastewater from toilets and urinals. This describes the difference between graywater and blackwater according to LEED. Graywater is wastewater that has been used for non-potable purposes, such as washing hands or dishes, but does not contain human or animal waste. Blackwater is wastewater that has been contaminated with human or animal waste from toilets or urinals. Graywater can be reused for certain purposes after minimal treatment, such as irrigation or toilet flushing, whereas blackwater requires more advanced treatment before reuse or disposal. The LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook states that one of the strategies for achieving water efficiency is to "use non-potable water (graywater) for sewage conveyance" [1, p. 14]. Reference: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, [Graywater vs Blackwater | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]
質問 # 65
A developer has asked the building designer to incorporate a landscape irrigation system using the building's graywater in order to earn LEED points. Which is the most appropriate source of graywater for this use?
- A. Bathroom sink
- B. Toilet
- C. Urinal
- D. Janitor sink
正解：A
質問 # 66
Who completes and signs the credit templates for a project pursuing LEED certification?
- A. The Commissioning (Cx) agent
- B. The specified team member
- C. The certified LEED Reviewer
- D. The local authorities having jurisdiction
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The credit templates are the online forms that document the achievement of the LEED credits for a project pursuing LEED certification. The credit templates are completed and signed by the specified team member who is responsible for the credit, such as the architect, engineer, contractor, or owner. The team member must provide the required information, calculations, narratives, and supporting documentation for each credit13. References: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide3
質問 # 67
Which of the following is a strategy for preventing light pollution?
- A. Use dark paving materials to diminish light distribution
- B. Install shielded fixtures
- C. Install high performance windows
- D. Install up-lighting
正解：B
解説：
A strategy for preventing light pollution is to install shielded fixtures. Light pollution is the excessive or inappropriate use of artificial lighting that can have adverse effects on human health, wildlife, ecosystems, and astronomy. Shielded fixtures are lighting devices that direct light downward and prevent light from escaping upward or sideways. Shielded fixtures can reduce light pollution by minimizing glare, sky glow, light trespass, and energy waste13. Reference: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, International Dark-Sky Association's Lighting Basics3
質問 # 68
A new project is being built adjacent to a park with a 1/8 mi. (0.20 km) trail leading to an urban business district, which includes several retail shops and restaurants. This project qualifies for Location and Transportation Credits by
- A. maintaining open space
- B. encouraging physical activity
- C. providing pedestrian access
- D. reducing heat island effect
正解：C
質問 # 69
What is the scope of the LEED impact category component Protect Human Health from Direct Exposure to Negative Health Impacts?
- A. Building occupants during use and demolition phase of the building cycle, within the project boundary
- B. Occupants and construction crew during construction or renovation phase of the building cycle, within the project boundary
- C. Design and construction crew during the construction phase, within the project boundary and excluding its immediate surroundings
- D. Building occupants and design and construction crew during the construction phase and use phase ol the building cycle, within the project boundary and its immediate surroundings
正解：D
解説：
The scope of the LEED impact category component Protect Human Health from Direct Exposure to Negative Health Impacts is building occupants and design and construction crew during the construction phase and use phase of the building cycle, within the project boundary and its immediate surroundings. This component aims to reduce the exposure of people to harmful substances or conditions that may affect their health and well-being. This includes indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting quality, noise levels, water quality, and safety hazards. The component covers both the construction phase and the use phase of the building cycle, as both stages can pose potential health risks to people involved or affected by the project. The component also considers both the project boundary and its immediate surroundings, as some health impacts may extend beyond the site itself. Reference: LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, Introduction, page 9
質問 # 70
One of the requirements for the Sustainable Sites Credit. Rainwater Management is that projects must
- A. use Green Infrastructure and Low Impact Development techniques within the LEED project boundary
- B. calculate the total rainwater runoff for 75th percentile rainfall events
- C. use a combination of both structural and non-structural measures to manage a 90th percentile rainfall event
- D. maximize open space within the LEED project Boundary
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
One of the requirements for the Sustainable Sites Credit: Rainwater Management is that projects must use Green Infrastructure (GI) and Low Impact Development (LID) techniques within the LEED project boundary.
GI and LID are design approaches that mimic natural hydrologic processes to manage stormwater runoff at its source. GI and LID techniques include strategies such as rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavements, green roofs, rain barrels, cisterns, and vegetated buffers. The other options are not requirements for the Sustainable Sites Credit: Rainwater Management. Maximizing open space within the LEED project boundary is a requirement for the Sustainable Sites Credit: Open Space. Calculating the total rainwater runoff for 75th percentile rainfall events is a requirement for the Sustainable Sites Credit: Site Assessment. Using a combination of both structural and non-structural measures to manage a 90th percentile rainfall event is an option for meeting Option 1 of the Sustainable Sites Credit: Rainwater Management. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, page 27; USGBC, [Sustainable Sites], page 4-5.
質問 # 71
Which of the following negative impacts on the environment are a result of waste being transported/diverted to landfills?
- A. Decreased post-consumer recycled content
- B. Solid waste produces methane and potent greenhouse gas
- C. Increased pre-consumer recycled content
- D. Waste is incinerated and used to generate energy
正解：D
解説：
Waste that is transported or diverted to landfills can have negative impacts on the environment, such as occupying valuable land, contaminating soil and water, and emitting harmful gases. One of the most significant impacts is the production of methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. Methane is generated when organic waste decomposes anaerobically (without oxygen) in landfills. Methane has a global warming potential 28 times higher than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period12. Reference: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program2
質問 # 72
Which of the following terms encourages team members to collaborate throughout the process of design and construction to create synergistic solutions?
- A. Charrette
- B. Life-cycle analysis
- C. Triple bottom line
- D. Integrative design
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Integrative design is the term that encourages team members to collaborate throughout the process of design and construction to create synergistic solutions. Integrative design is an approach that considers the interrelationships among various building systems, environmental factors, and occupant needs, and seeks to optimize the performance, cost, and environmental benefits of the project. The LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook states that one of the intents of the Integrative Process category is to "support high-performance, cost-effective project outcomes through an early analysis of the interrelationships among systems" [1, p. 12]. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, [Integrative Design Process | Whole Building Design Guide]
質問 # 73
Which strategy can be used to reduce the amount of construction waste?
- A. Specify regional materials
- B. Increase the use of recycled content
- C. Encourage recycling
- D. Institute an off-site composting program
正解：C
質問 # 74
Which of the following is a minimum program requirement for the LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System?
- A. Include temporary structures in floor area calculations
- B. Comply with minimum project size
- C. Define a site boundary for the sole purpose of complying with credits
- D. Comply with the best practices of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
正解：B
質問 # 75
Which industry benchmarking tool is used for measuring ongoing energy performance?
- A. U.S. Department of Energy's EnergyIQ
- B. EPA's ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
- C. Bright Power's EnergyScoreCard
- D. U.S. Department of Energy's EnerCop
正解：B
解説：
ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is an online tool developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that allows building owners and managers to measure and track the energy and water performance of their buildings, as well as benchmark their buildings against similar buildings nationwide. The tool uses a 1-100 ENERGY STAR score to rate the energy efficiency of a building relative to its peers, where a score of 50 represents median performance and a score of 75 or higher indicates top performance1 . Reference: LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
質問 # 76
In addition to the temperature and air movement, what is another factor to consider when implementing Thermal Comfort strategies?
- A. Combustion processes from vehicles
- B. Carbon dioxide concentrations
- C. Methane off-gassing
- D. Humidity
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
In addition to temperature and air movement, humidity is another factor to consider when implementing thermal comfort strategies. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air, which affects how warm or cool people feel. High humidity can make people feel hotter and more uncomfortable, while low humidity can cause dryness and irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Thermal comfort strategies should aim to maintain an optimal level of humidity that balances human comfort and health with energy efficiency and moisture control. The other options are not factors to consider when implementing thermal comfort strategies.
Methaneoff-gassing is the release of methane gas from organic matter decomposition or anaerobic digestion, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Carbon dioxide concentrations are a measure of indoor air quality that indicates the level of ventilation and fresh air supply in a space. Combustion processes from vehicles are sources of outdoor air pollution that emit carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and other harmful substances. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, page 29; USGBC, [Indoor Environmental Quality], page 2.
質問 # 77
Which of the following demonstrates life-cycle approach to development or design?
- A. Designing a building envelope with the most advanced technology to maximize insulation values, regardless of what materials are used
- B. Renovating an existing building using recycled and salvaged building materials
- C. Purchasing and demolishing a 100-year-old apartment building to build a new. energy-efficient building
- D. Locating a new building in a dense district with a diversity of uses and plentiful transit routes
正解：B
解説：
Renovating an existing building using recycled and salvaged building materials is an example of a life-cycle approach to development or design. A life-cycle approach is an approach that considers the environmental impacts of a product or a project from cradle to grave, or from extraction of raw materials to disposal or reuse. Renovating an existing building using recycled and salvaged building materials reduces the environmental impacts associated with new construction, such as land use change, resource depletion, energy consumption, waste generation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook states that one of the intents of the Materials and Resources category is to "promote life-cycle assessment as a means of evaluating environmental impacts" [1, p. 15]. Reference: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, [Life Cycle Assessment | U.S. Department of Energy]
質問 # 78
During the pre-design phase of a three-story office building, the project team determines that the anticipated energy use of the proposed building will exceed the Owner's Project Requirements (OPR). What strategy should the project team consider in order to lower the building's energy use?
- A. Increase the square footage of the building
- B. Use valid survey protocols to assess occupants' satisfaction with the indoor environment
- C. Maximize daylighting opportunities with properly sized and oriented windows
- D. Monitor and verity performance to ensure that building systems are functioning as designed
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Maximizing daylighting opportunities with properly sized and oriented windows can significantly reduce a building's energy use. By allowing more natural light into the building, the need for artificial lighting can be reduced, which in turn reduces electricity consumption. Additionally, if windows are properly oriented, they can also help with passive heating and cooling, further reducing energyuse. References: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, U.S. Green Building Council resources
質問 # 79
The Interior space of a six-story commercial building is being completely renovated. Which of the following actions should the design team conduct first in order to incorporate green building strategies?
- A. Benchmark performance of existing building
- B. Set project goals
- C. Measure performance and undergo third party verification
- D. Identify improvement opportunities
正解：B
解説：
Setting project goals is the action that the design team should conduct first in order to incorporate green building strategies in a six-story commercial building renovation project. Setting project goals is an important step in the integrative process that defines the vision and expectations for the project's sustainability performance and guides the decision-making throughout the design and construction phases. Setting project goals involves engaging key stakeholders, such as owners, users, designers, contractors, and operators, and identifying measurable objectives, targets, and metrics for various aspects of green building, such as energy efficiency, water conservation, material selection, indoor environmental quality, site selection, and transportation access. The LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook states that one of the steps in the integrative process is to "establish sustainability goals early in project development" [1, p. 12]. Reference: LEED Green Associate Candidate Handbook, [Integrative Process | U.S. Green Building Council]
質問 # 80
Select the type of approach that promotes the conservation of Materials and Resources by linking elements in order to form relationships with their function
- A. Open Flow
- B. Closed Systems
- C. Open Systems
- D. Closed Flow
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Closed systems are systems that promote the conservation of materials and resources by linking elements in order to form relationships with their function. Closed systems aim to minimize waste, energy loss, and environmental impact by reusing, recycling, or regenerating materials within the system boundaries. Closed systems can be inspired by natural ecosystems, where waste from one process becomes food for another process. An example of a closed system is a building that collects rainwater for irrigation, uses solar panels for electricity, composts organic waste for fertilizer, and recycles greywater for flushing toilets1 . References:
LEED v4 Green Associate Candidate Handbook1, Biomimicry Institute's What is Biomimicry?
質問 # 81
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