ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN練習テスト問題は更新された368問題あります
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質問 # 176
您是一位經驗豐富的審核團隊領導，指導審核員進行培訓。接受培訓的審核員的任務是審查適用性聲明 (SoA) 中列出的並在現場實施的技術控制措施。
從以下內容中選擇您希望接受培訓的審核員審查的四項控制措施。
- A. 保密與保密協議
- B. 對人員進行驗證檢查
- C. 資訊安全意識、教育與培訓
- D. 現場閉路電視和門禁系統的運行
- E. 如何實施針對惡意軟體的防護
- F. 進出裝載區的通道
- G. 組織如何評估其技術漏洞的暴露程度
- H. 電源線和資料線如何進入建築物
- I. 組織的業務連續性安排
- J. 資訊資產清單的發展與維護
- K. 組織對設備維護的安排
- L. 如何管理對原始程式碼和開發工具的訪問
- M. 在組織內部以及向其他組織傳輸訊息的規則
- N. 機構對資訊刪除的安排
- O. 遠距工作安排
- P. 供應商協定中如何解決資訊安全問題
正解：D、E、G、L
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), an organization should select and implement appropriate controls to achieve its information security objectives1. The controls should be derived from the results of risk assessment and risk treatment, and should be consistent with the Statement of Applicability (SoA), which is a document that identifies the controls that are applicable and necessary for the ISMS1. The controls can be selected from various sources, such as ISO/IEC 27002:2013, which provides a code of practice for information security controls2. Therefore, if an auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the technological controls listed in the SoA and implemented at the site of an organization that stores data on behalf of external clients, four controls that would be expected to review are:
How protection against malware is implemented: This is a technological control that aims to prevent, detect and remove malicious software (such as viruses, worms, ransomware, etc.) that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of information or information systems2. This control is related to control A.12.2.1 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
How the organisation evaluates its exposure to technical vulnerabilities: This is a technological control that aims to identify and assess the potential weaknesses or flaws in information systems or networks that could be exploited by malicious actors or cause accidental failures2. This control is related to control A.12.6.1 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
How access to source code and development tools are managed: This is a technological control that aims to protect the intellectual property rights and integrity of software applications or systems that are developed or maintained by the organization or its external providers2. This control is related to control A.14.2.5 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems: This is a technological control that aims to monitor and restrict physical access to the premises or facilities where information or information systems are stored or processed2. This control is related to control A.11.1.4 of ISO/IEC 27002:20132.
The other options are not examples of technological controls, but rather organizational, legal or procedural controls that may also be relevant for an ISMS audit, but are not within the scope of the auditor in training's task. For example, the development and maintenance of an information asset inventory (related to control A.8.1.1), rules for transferring information within the organization and to other organizations (related to control A.13.2.1), confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements (related to control A.13.2.4), verification checks on personnel (related to control A.7.1.2), remote working arrangements (related to control A.6.2.1), information security within supplier agreements (related to control A.15.1.1), business continuity arrangements (related to control A.17), information deletion (related to control A.8.3), information security awareness, education and training (related to control A.7.2), equipment maintenance (related to control A.11.2), and how power and data cables enter the building (related to control A.11) are not technological controls, but rather organizational, legal or procedural controls that may also be relevant for an ISMS audit, but are not within the scope of the auditor in training's task. Reference: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO/IEC 27002:2013 - Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls
質問 # 177
選擇兩個描述使用清單的優點的選項。
- A. 必要時不要改變清單
- B. 確保審核計畫得到實施
- C. 確保遵循相關審核跟踪
- D. 限制訪談指定方
- E. 減少審核時間
- F. 每次審核都使用相同的清單，無需審核
正解：B、C
解説：
A checklist is a tool that helps auditors to collect and verify information relevant to the audit objectives and scope. It can provide the following advantages:
Ensuring relevant audit trails are followed: A checklist can help auditors to identify and trace the sources of evidence that support the conformity or nonconformity of the audited criteria. It can also help auditors to avoid missing or overlooking any important aspects of the audit.
Ensuring the audit plan is implemented: A checklist can help auditors to follow and fulfil the audit plan, which describes the arrangements and details of the audit, such as the objectives, scope, criteria, schedule, roles, and responsibilities. It can also help auditors to manage their time and resources effectively and efficiently.
The other options are not advantages of using a checklist, but rather:
Using the same checklist for every audit without review: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can lead to a rigid and ineffective audit approach. A checklist should be tailored and adapted to each specific audit, taking into account the context, risks, and changes of the auditee and the audit criteria. A checklist should also be reviewed and updated periodically to ensure its validity and relevance.
Restricting interviews to nominated parties: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can limit the scope and depth of the audit. A checklist should not prevent auditors from interviewing other relevant parties or sources of information that may provide valuable evidence or insights for the audit. A checklist should be used as a guide, not as a constraint.
Reducing audit duration: This is not necessarily an advantage of using a checklist, as it depends on various factors, such as the complexity, size, and maturity of the auditee's ISMS, the availability and quality of evidence, the competence and experience of the auditors, and the level of cooperation and communication between the auditors and the auditee. A checklist may help reduce audit duration by improving efficiency and organization, but it may also increase audit duration by requiring more evidence or verification.
Not varying from the checklist when necessary: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can result in a superficial or incomplete audit. A checklist should not prevent auditors from exploring or investigating any issues or concerns that arise during the audit, even if they are not included in the checklist. A checklist should be used as a support, not as a substitute.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 6.2.2]
質問 # 178
在啟動審計活動之前，審計員會考慮被審計方的背景、關鍵流程和期望。運用了哪一項審計原則？
- A. 誠信
- B. 應有的專業謹慎
- C. 專業懷疑論
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A . Correct Answer:
Due professional care refers to auditors carefully considering all relevant factors before initiating an audit.
In this scenario, the auditors assessed the auditee's context, processes, and expectations, which aligns with ISO 19011:2018 Clause 4 (Principles of Auditing: Due Professional Care).
B . Incorrect:
Professional skepticism is about challenging evidence and avoiding assumptions, not about contextual planning.
C . Incorrect:
Integrity refers to acting honestly and ethically, which is not the focus here.
Relevant Standard Reference:
ISO 19011:2018 Clause 4.5 (Due Professional Care)
質問 # 179
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理介紹了資訊安全事件管理程序，並解釋該流程基於 ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」意義的理解有差異。
您從事件追蹤系統中抽取過去 6 個月的事件報告記錄樣本，總結結果如下表所示。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇兩個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。
- A. 收集更多證據，說明組織如何確定事件發生後無需採取進一步行動。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- B. 收集更多有關人力資源經理如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖個人行動資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- C. 收集更多關於公司如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖公司手機和資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- D. 透過訪問更多員工了解他們對報告流程的理解來收集更多證據。
（與控制措施 A.6.8 相關） - E. 收集更多有關事件恢復程序的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
- F. 收集更多有關組織如何確定事件恢復時間的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.27 相關）
正解：B、C
解説：
*C. Collect more evidence on how and when the Human Resources manager pays the ransom fee to unlock personal mobile data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This is not relevant to the audit of the organization's incident management process. The HR manager's personal phone and how they handle a ransomware attack on it falls outside the scope of the ISMS audit. The organization is not responsible for personal devices.
*B. Collect more evidence on how and when the company pays the ransom fee to unlock the company's mobile phone and data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) While seemingly relevant, this focuses on the method of payment for the ransom. The core issue is the organization paying the ransom at all, which is generally not best practice in incident response. The audit should focus on why this decision was made and if alternative solutions were considered (e.g., data backups, device wiping and restoration).
Why the other options ARE relevant:
*A. Collect more evidence by interviewing more staff about their understanding of the reporting process.
(Relevant to control A.6.8) This directly addresses the identified discrepancy in understanding "weakness, event, and incident," which is crucial for proper incident reporting.
*D. Collect more evidence on how the organisation determined the incident recovery time. (Relevant to control A.5.27) This investigates the basis for the 24-hour recovery time, which seems arbitrary and may not be appropriate for all incidents.
*E. Collect more evidence on how the organization determined no further action was needed after the incident. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This probes the adequacy of the incident response, especially the lack of preventative measures after paying the ransom.
*F. Collect more evidence on the incident recovery procedures. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This examines the actual procedures to assess their effectiveness and alignment with best practices.
質問 # 180
AppFolk 是一家軟體開發公司，正在尋求 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。都包括在內。這是可以接受的嗎？
- A. 是的，審核和 ISMS 範圍不一定需要相同
- B. 不，審核範圍應反映 ISMS 涵蓋的組織的所有部門
- C. 不，對被審核方所在工業部門不重要的部門可以排除在審核範圍之外
正解：B
解説：
No, the audit scope should reflect all of the organization's divisions that are covered by the ISMS. If the ISMS scope stated that it includes the whole company, the audit scope should align with this unless specifically justified and agreed upon by all stakeholders.
質問 # 181
下列哪一種情況代表威脅？
- A. 員工使用其合法憑證存取未經授權的文件
- B. 某組織未能為其雲端服務實施多因素身份驗證 (MFA)
- C. 網路攻擊者利用組織防火牆軟體中的零日漏洞入侵網絡
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
C . Correct Answer - This is a Threat. A cyberattack exploiting a zero-day vulnerability is an active security threat, as it causes harm to the organization.
A . Employee accessing unauthorized files is a vulnerability (insider risk) rather than an external threat.
B . Lack of MFA is a security weakness (vulnerability), not a threat.
質問 # 182
您是經驗豐富的審核團隊領導，指導審核員進行培訓。
您的團隊目前正在對代表外部客戶儲存資料的組織進行第三方監督審核。接受培訓的審核員的任務是審查適用性聲明 (SoA) 中列出的並在現場實施的實體控制措施。
從以下內容中選擇您希望接受培訓的審核員審查的四項控制措施。
- A. 對人員進行驗證檢查
- B. 資訊安全意識、教育與培訓
- C. 現場閉路電視和門禁系統的運行
- D. 資訊資產清單的開發與維護
- E. 組織的業務連續性安排
- F. 電源線和資料線如何進入建築物
- G. 進出裝載區的通道
- H. 組織維護設備的安排
正解：C、F、G、H
解説：
The four controls from the list that are related to PHYSICAL aspects of the ISMS are:
* Access to and from the loading bay
* How power and data cables enter the building
* The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
* The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
These controls are derived from the ISO 27001 Annex A, which provides a comprehensive list of information security controls that can be applied to an ISMS1. The other controls in the list are more related to ORGANIZATIONAL, LEGAL, or HUMAN aspects of the ISMS, which are also important, but not the focus of this question.
According to the ISMS Auditing Guideline2, the auditor in training should review the PHYSICAL controls by:
* Checking the SoA to identify the applicable controls and their implementation status
* Interviewing the relevant staff and management to verify their understanding and involvement in the controls
* Observing the physical and environmental conditions to confirm the existence and effectiveness of the controls
* Examining the relevant documents and records to validate the compliance and performance of the controls I hope this helps you prepare for the exam.
質問 # 183
Finnco 是一家認證機構的子公司，為組織提供 ISMS 諮詢服務。
考慮到這種情況，認證機構什麼時候可以對組織進行認證？
- A. 任何時候都不會，因為這會帶來利益衝突
- B. 這種情況下沒有時間限制
- C. 如果自上次諮詢活動以來已經過了至少兩年
正解：A
解説：
A certification body cannot certify an organization if it has provided consultancy services to that organization. This situation presents a conflict of interest, as the certification body is required to maintain impartiality and objectivity. The ISO/IEC 17021-1 standard, which sets out requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, specifies that providing both services to the same client is incompatible.
質問 # 184
您正在對提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審計計劃的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理介紹資訊安全事件管理程序（文件參考 ID：ISMS_L2_16，版本 4）。
您查看了文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全漏洞、事件和事故應在發現後 1 小時內報告給聯絡點 (PoC)」。在訪談員工時，您發現對「弱點、事件和事故」一詞的含義的理解存在差異。
IT安全經理解釋說，6個月前曾舉辦過一次線上「資訊安全處理」培訓研討會。所有受訪的人都參加並通過了報告練習和課程考核。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇三個不是有效審計追蹤的選項。
- A. 收集更多有關組織如何測試業務連續性計畫的證據。 （與控制 A.5.30 相關）
- B. 收集更多證據以確定 ISO 27035（資訊安全事件管理）是否用作內部稽核標準
- C. 收集更多證據證明資訊安全政策中是否包含術語和定義。 （與控制 5.32 相關）
- D. 收集更多關於如何透過適當管道報告資訊安全事件的證據（與控制 A.6.8 相關）
- E. 收集更多證據，說明如何隔離發生資訊安全事件的區域，以便在中斷期間維護資訊安全（與控制 A.5.29 相關）
- F. 收集更多關於組織如何管理監控漏洞的聯絡點 (PoC) 的證據。 （與第 8.1 條相關）
- G. 收集更多關於組織如何進行資訊安全事件訓練的證據並評估其有效性。 （與第 7.2 條相關）
- H. 收集更多關於組織如何從資訊安全事件中學習並做出改進的證據。 （與控制 A.5.27 相關）
正解：B、C、F
解説：
a. (Relevant to clause 8.13)
Explanation:
The three options that would not be valid audit trails are:
* Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages the Point of Contact (PoC) which monitors vulnerabilities. (Relevant to clause 8.1)
* Collect more evidence on whether terms and definitions are contained in the information security policy. (Relevant to control 5.32)
* Collect more evidence to determine if ISO 27035 (Information security incident management) is used as internal audit criteria. (Relevant to clause 8.13) These options are not valid audit trails because they are not directly related to the information security incident management process, which is the focus of the audit. The audit trails should be relevant to the objectives, scope, and criteria of the audit, and should provide sufficient and reliable evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1.
Option E is not valid because the PoC is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a role that is responsible for reporting and escalating information security incidents to the appropriate authorities2. The audit trail should focus on how the PoC performs this function, not how the organisation manages the PoC.
Option G is not valid because the terms and definitions are not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a part of the information security policy, which is a high-level document that defines the organisation's information security objectives, principles, and responsibilities3. The audit trail should focus on how the information security policy is communicated, implemented, and reviewed, not whether it contains terms and definitions.
Option H is not valid because ISO 27035 is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a guidance document that provides best practices for managing information security incidents4. The audit trail should focus on how the organisation follows the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 for information security incident management, not whether it uses ISO 27035 as an internal audit criteria.
The other options are valid audit trails because they are related to the information security incident management process, and they can provide useful evidence to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of the process. For example:
* Option A is valid because it relates to control A.5.29, which requires the organisation to establish procedures to isolate and quarantine areas subject to information security incidents, in order to prevent further damage and preserve evidence5. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation implements and tests these procedures, and how they ensure the continuity of information security during disruption.
* Option B is valid because it relates to control A.6.8, which requires the organisation to establish mechanisms for reporting information security events and weaknesses, and to ensure that they are communicated in a timely manner to the appropriate levels within the organisation6. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation defines and uses these mechanisms, and how they monitor and review the reporting process.
* Option C is valid because it relates to clause 7.2, which requires the organisation to provide information security awareness, education, and training to all persons under its control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities7. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation identifies the information security training needs, how they deliver and record the training, and how they measure the learning outcomes and feedback.
* Option D is valid because it relates to control A.5.27, which requires the organisation to learn from information security incidents and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence or reduce impact8. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation analyses and documents the root causes and consequences of information security incidents, how they identify and implement corrective actions, and how they verify the effectiveness of these actions.
* Option F is valid because it relates to control A.5.30, which requires the organisation to establish and maintain a business continuity plan to ensure the availability of information and information processing facilities in the event of a severe information security incident9. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation develops and updates the business continuity plan, how they test and review the plan, and how they communicate and train the relevant personnel on the plan.
質問 # 185
場景 3：Rebuildy 是一家位於泰國曼谷的建築公司，專門從事住宅建築的設計、建造和維護。為了確保敏感專案資料和客戶資訊的安全，Rebuildy 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)。
ISMS 實施成果如下
* 資訊安全是透過應用一系列安全控制和製定政策、流程和程序來實現的。
* 安全控制是根據風險評估實施的，旨在消除風險或將風險降低到可接受的水平。
* 所有流程均基於計劃-執行-檢查-行動 (PDCA) 模型確保 ISMS 的持續改進。
* 資訊安全政策是根據最佳安全實務起草的安全手冊的一部分，因此，它不是一份獨立的文件。
* 資訊安全角色和職責已在每位員工的職位說明中明確說明
* 資訊安全管理系統的管理評審是依照計畫的時間間隔進行的。
Rebuildy 在經歷了兩次中期管理評審和一次年度內部審計後申請了認證。該前員工向審計團隊成員 Electra 提交了書面證據，Rebuildy 的主要客戶 Electra 也提交了有關相同問題的證據，審計員決定保留這份證據，而不是前員工的證據。審計團隊成員一直與 Electra 保持聯繫，直至審計完成，討論審計期間發現的不符合。伊萊克特拉提供了額外的證據來支持這些發現。
在審核開始時，審核小組對公司高階主管進行了訪談，討論了高階主管對 ISMS 實施的承諾等事項。從這些討論中獲得的證據都記錄在書面確認書中，用於確定 Rebuildy 是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 的幾個條款。其中，發現以下不符合：
* 在公司的財務報告系統中偵測到了不當的使用者存取控制設定實例。
* 尚未建立獨立的資訊安全政策。相反，該公司使用根據最佳安全實踐起草的安全手冊。
在收到審計團隊的這些文件後，團隊負責人會見了 Rebuildy 的高層管理層，介紹了審計結果。審計小組報告了與財務報告系統和缺乏獨立資訊安全政策有關的調查結果。高階主管對調查結果表示不滿，並認為審計組長的行為不專業，暗示他們可能會要求更換組長。迫於壓力，審計組長決定與高階主管合作，淡化所發現的不符合項的重要性。因此，審計團隊負責人調整了報告以呈現更有利的觀點，從而歪曲了 Rebuildy 合規問題的真實程度。
根據上述情景，回答以下問題：
審計師是否可以優先保留 Electra 提供的證據，而不是前員工提供的證據？
- A. 不，兩個證據來源都應保留並平等評估
- B. 不，因為來自前員工的證據總是比來自客戶的證據更可靠
- C. 是的，因為客戶具有獨立身份，因此來自客戶的證據被認為更可靠
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
B . Correct Answer: ISO 19011:2018 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems) states Both sources should have been retained, reviewed, and verified rather than selectively prioritizing one over the other.
A . Incorrect:
A former employee may have insider knowledge, but their credibility must be verified-it is not inherently more reliable.
C . Incorrect:
While a client is independent, their evidence is not automatically more credible than a former employee's.
Relevant Standard Reference:
質問 # 186
在發生資訊安全事件時，應遵守系統使用者的角色和責任，但以下情況除外：
- A. 必要時保留證據
- B. 如有需要，在調查期間與調查人員合作
- C. 透過服務台發現後通報可疑或已知事件
- D. 讓所有員工了解資訊安全事件詳細信息
正解：D
解説：
The role and responsibility that system users should not observe in the event of an information security incident is D: make the information security incident details known to all employees. This is not a proper role or responsibility for system users, as it could cause unnecessary panic, confusion or speculation among employees who are not involved in the incident response process. It could also compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the incident information, which could be sensitive or confidential in nature. Making the information security incident details known to all employees could also violate the information security policies and procedures of the organization, which may require a certain level of discretion and confidentiality when dealing with incidents. The other roles and responsibilities are correct, as they describe what system users should do in the event of an information security incident, such as reporting the incident to the Servicedesk (A), preserving evidence if necessary (B), and cooperating with investigative personnel if needed . These roles and responsibilities help to ensure a quick, effective and orderly response to information security incidents. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement procedures for reporting and managing information security incidents (see clause A.16.1). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Information Security Incident Management?
質問 # 187
選出最能完成下面句子的單字來描述第三方審核計畫。
要使用最佳單字完成句子，請按一下要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。
正解：
解説：
質問 # 188
網路釣魚屬於什麼類型的資訊安全事件？
- A. 法律事件
- B. 私人事件
- C. 技術漏洞
- D. 破解者/駭客攻擊
正解：D
解説：
Phishing is a type of information security incident that falls under the category of cracker/hacker attacks. Phishing is a form of fraud that uses deceptive emails or other messages to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, bank account details, etc. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate organizations or individuals and create a sense of urgency or curiosity to lure the victims into clicking on malicious links, opening malicious attachments or providing personal information. Phishing is a common and serious threat to information security, as it can lead to identity theft, financial loss, data breach, malware infection or other damages. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement awareness and training programs to make users aware of the risks of social engineering attacks, such as phishing, and how to avoid them (see clause A.7.2.2). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Phishing?
質問 # 189
從以下選項中選擇一個最能完成句子的單字：
要用單字完成句子，請點擊要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中點擊應用程式文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
The purpose of a management system audit is to evaluate the performance of an organization's management system.
A management system audit is an independent and systematic analysis and evaluation of a company's overall activities and performances1. It is a valuable tool used to determine the efficiency, functions, accomplishments and achievements of the company1. A management system audit can be conducted against a range of audit criteria, including (but not limited to) requirements set of in existing ISO standards2.
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, the purpose of an audit is to enable the auditor to provide an audit conclusion that is related to the audit objectives2. The audit objectives are defined by the audit client and may include determining the extent of conformity or nonconformity of the audited management system against the audit criteria, evaluating the ability of the audited management system to ensure that the organization meets applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements, identifying potential improvement opportunities for the audited management system, and facilitating continual improvement of the audited management system2.
Therefore, the correct answer is evaluate, as it best describes the purpose of a management system audit. The other options are not correct because they are not specific enough or do not reflect the intended outcome of an audit. For example, improve implies that the audit itself will enhance the performance of the management system, which is not necessarily true. Manage implies that the audit will control or direct the management system, which is not its role. Research implies that the audit will generate new knowledge or information about the management system, which is not its primary aim.
質問 # 190
您正在作為審核組組長進行您的第一次第三方 ISMS 監督審核。您目前與審核團隊的另一位成員一起在被審核方的資料中心。
您的同事似乎不確定資訊安全事件和資訊安全事件之間的差異。您嘗試透過提供範例來解釋差異。
下列哪三種場景可以定義為資訊安全事件？
- A. 員工在輪班結束時未能清理辦公桌
- B. 未收到付款的承包商刪除了高階管理人員 ICT 帳戶
- C. 組織未通過第三方滲透測試
- D. 不滿意的員工未經許可更改薪資記錄
- E. 硬碟機在建議更換日期之後使用
- F. 組織的行銷資料被駭客複製並出售給競爭對手
- G. 組織收到網路釣魚電子郵件
- H. 組織的惡意軟體防護軟體可防止病毒
正解：B、D、F
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, which provides an overview and vocabulary of information security management systems, an information security event is an identified occurrence of a system, service or network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, or a previously unknown situation that may be security relevant1. An information security incident is a single or a series of unwanted or unexpected information security events that have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security1. Therefore, based on this definition, three examples of information security incidents are:
* A contractor who has not been paid deletes top management ICT accounts: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of access, data, or functionality for the top management.
* An unhappy employee changes payroll records without permission: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in financial fraud, legal liability, or reputational damage for the organization.
* The organisation's marketing data is copied by hackers and sold to a competitor: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of confidentiality, competitive advantage, or customer trust for the organization.
The other options are not examples of information security incidents, but rather information security events that may or may not lead to incidents depending on their impact and severity. For example:
* The organisation's malware protection software prevents a virus: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it is prevented by the malware protection software.
* A hard drive is used after its recommended replacement date: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it fails or causes other problems.
* The organisation receives a phishing email: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it is opened or responded to by the recipient.
* An employee fails to clear their desk at the end of their shift: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a service state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the desk contains sensitive or confidential information that is accessed by unauthorized persons.
* The organisation fails a third-party penetration test: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the penetration test reveals serious vulnerabilities that are exploited by malicious actors.
References: ISO/IEC 27000:2018 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Overview and vocabulary
質問 # 191
下列哪一項最能描述第二階段第三方審核的主要目的？
- A. 檢查組織是否遵守法律
- B. 確定認證準備狀況
- C. 了解組織的管理體系
- D. 辨識不符合標準的情況
正解：D
解説：
The main purpose of a Stage 2 third-party audit is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the organisation's management system and to identify any nonconformances against the requirements of the standard12. The other options are either the objectives of a Stage 1 audit (A, D) or a specific aspect of the audit scope (B). Reference: 1: ISO/IEC 27006:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems, Clause 9.2 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 4: Preparing an ISO/IEC 27001 audit
質問 # 192
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