無料ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN試験ブレーン問題集認定ガイド問題と解答 [Q44-Q69]

無料ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN試験ブレーン問題集認定ガイド問題と解答

ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN認定概要最新のISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CNPDF問題集

質問 # 44
您正在國際物流組織的出貨部門進行資訊安全管理系統審核，該組織為當地醫院和政府辦公室等大型組織提供運輸服務。
包裹通常包含藥品、生物樣本以及護照和駕駛執照等文件。
您注意到公司記錄顯示大量退貨，原因包括標籤地址錯誤，以及在 15% 的情況下，一個包裹的不同地址有兩個或多個標籤。您正在面試運輸經理 (SM)。
您：出貨前檢查過嗎？
SM：任何明顯損壞的物品都會在出貨前由值班人員移除，但利潤微薄，因此實施正式檢查流程並不經濟。
您：退貨後會採取什麼措施？
SM：這些合約大多價值相對較低，因此我們認為，簡單地重新列印標籤並重新發送單一包裹比實施調查更容易、更方便。
您提出了不符合 ISO 27001:2022 第 8.1 條的要求。
以下哪一項最能描述您發現的不合格項？

• A. 組織沒有有效的流程來確保滿足資料保護的服務要求和監管要求。記錄顯示，15% 的退回包裹包含受保護的資訊（可能包括敏感的醫療資訊或政府部門通訊資訊），但沒有足夠的操作流程來滿足資訊安全要求。
• B. 組織沒有經過批准的流程來確保滿足資料保護的服務要求和監管要求。記錄顯示，15%的退回包裹已更正了收件人的另一方資訊（可能包括敏感的醫療資訊或政府部門通訊資訊），但沒有足夠的操作方法來滿足資訊安全要求。
• C. 組織沒有有效的流程來確保滿足資料保護的服務要求和監管要求。記錄顯示，15% 的退回包裹向收件人洩露了供另一方使用的資訊（可能包括敏感的醫療資訊或政府部門通訊資訊），而沒有足夠的操作控制來滿足資訊安全要求。
• D. 組織沒有適當的審核流程來確保滿足資料保護的服務要求和監管要求。記錄顯示，15% 的退回包裹中包含不準確的資訊（可能包括敏感的醫療資訊或政府部門通訊資訊），且沒有足夠的操作規則來滿足資訊安全要求。
• E. 組織沒有有效的流程來確保滿足資料保護的服務要求和監管要求。記錄顯示，15% 的退回包裹包含向收件人另一方提供的詳細資訊（可能包括敏感的醫療資訊或政府部門通訊資訊），但沒有足夠的操作程序來滿足資訊安全要求。

正解：C

解説：
The non-conformity you have identified relates to the organization's failure to implement adequate operational controls to ensure that service and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. This situation is particularly critical given the nature of the items being shipped, which include sensitive medical information and government documents. The fact that 15% of returned parcels have labels for different addresses, potentially exposing sensitive information to incorrect recipients, underscores the lack of effective information security practices.
The best description of the non-conformity, based on the details provided and the requirements of ISO/IEC
27001:2022, particularly clause 8.1 which deals with operational planning and control, would be:
C: The organisation does not have an effective process in place that ensures service requirements and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. Records show that 15% of returned parcels have disclosed information intended for another party to the recipient (which may include sensitive medical information or government department communications) without adequate operational controls to meet information security requirements.
This option accurately captures the essence of the non-conformity by highlighting the lack of effective operational controls to protect sensitive information, leading to potential unauthorized disclosure of information intended for another party. This is a direct violation of information security management principles, particularly those related to the protection of confidentiality and integrity of information as mandated by ISO/IEC 27001:2022.

質問 # 45
選擇最能描述如何進行資訊安全管理系統審核的選項：

• A. 審計目標應用於評估審計證據，以得出審計結論。然後，應建立審核結果並在末次會議上提交給審核客戶。
• B. 應使用審核方法來評估審核證據，以產生審核建議。
  然後，應建立審核建議並在末次會議上提交給受審核方。
• C. 應使用審核方法來評估客觀證據，以得出審核結果。然後，應制定審核結論並在末次會議上提交給受審核方。
• D. 應使用審核標準來評估間接證據，以產生審核結果。
  然後，應建立審核報告並在審核組會議上提交給審核組。
• E. 應使用審核標準來評估客觀證據，以產生審核結果。然後，應建立審核報告並在末次會議上提交給審核組組長。
• F. 審計目標應用於評估客觀證據，以得出審計結論。
  然後，應建立審計建議並在管理審查時提交給最高管理層。

正解：C

解説：
The option that best describes how Information Security Management System (ISMS) audits should be conducted, aligning with best practices and standards like ISO/IEC 27001:2022, is:
D: Audit methods should be used to assess objective evidence in order to generate audit findings. Then, the audit conclusion should be created and presented to the auditee at the closing meeting.
This option accurately reflects the audit process, emphasizing the use of systematic audit methods to assess objective evidence, which is crucial for impartiality and accuracy in auditing. Audit findings are the results derived from evaluating the objective evidence against the audit criteria. The conclusion, based on the audit findings, provides a comprehensive summary of the audit's outcomes, indicating whether the audited ISMS meets the established criteria. Presenting these conclusions to the auditee during the closing meeting ensures transparency and provides an opportunity for immediate clarification and discussion of the results and potential next steps.

質問 # 46
在第三方認證審核期間，受審核方會提供您問題清單。下列哪四項構成 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 管理系統背景下的「外部」問題？

• A. 因管理不善導致缺勤增加
• B. 為因應高通膨而提高利率
• C. 人口老化導致勞動成本上升
• D. 訓練支出削減導致員工能力水準低下
• E. 由於員工假期減少，士氣低落
• F. 因政府政策改變而導致補助金減少
• G. 由於政府制裁而無法購買原料
• H. 與過時的生產設備有關的生產率下降

正解：B、C、F、G

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 4.1 requires an organization to determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its ISMS2. External issues are those that originate from outside the organization, such as legal, regulatory, cultural, social, political, economic, natural and competitive factors2. Internal issues are those that originate from within the organization, such as governance, structure, roles and responsibilities, policies, objectives, culture, capabilities, resources and information systems2. Therefore, based on this definition, four examples of external issues in the context of a management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 are a rise in interest rates in response to high inflation (which affects the economic environment of the organization), a reduction in grants as a result of a change in government policy (which affects the political and legal environment of the organization), higher labour costs as a result of an aging population (which affects the social and demographic environment of the organization), and inability to source raw materials due to government sanctions (which affects the trade and supply environment of the organization)2. The other options are examples of internal issues, as they originate from within the organization or its activities. For example, poor levels of staff competence as a result of cuts in training expenditure (which affects the capabilities and resources of the organization), increased absenteeism as a result of poor management (which affects the culture and performance of the organization), poor morale as a result of staff holidays being reduced (which affects the motivation and satisfaction of the organization's personnel), and a fall in productivity linked to outdated production equipment (which affects the efficiency and quality of the organization's processes)2. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements

質問 # 47
您正在作為審核組組長進行您的第一次第三方 ISMS 監督審核。您目前與審核團隊的另一位成員一起在被審核方的資料中心。
您目前所在的大房間被分成幾個較小的房間，每個房間的門上都有一個數位密碼鎖和刷卡器。您注意到兩個外部承包商使用中心接待台提供的刷卡和組合號碼進入客戶的套房進行授權的電氣維修。
您前往接待處並要求查看客戶套房的門禁記錄。這表示只刷了一張卡。你問接待員，他們回答說：“是的，這是一個常見問題。我們要求每個人都刷卡，但尤其是承包商，一個人往往會刷卡，而其他人只是'尾隨'進來”，但我們知道他們是誰接待處簽到。
根據上述情況，您現在會採取下列哪一項行動？

• A. 由於尚未與供應商就資訊安全要求達成一致，因此針對控制措施 A.5.20「解決供應商關係中的資訊安全問題」提出不符合項
• B. 由於安全區域未充分保護，因此針對控制 A.7.1「安全邊界」提出不符合項
• C. 確定是否有任何額外的有效安排來驗證個人對安全區域（例如閉路電視）的存取權限
• D. 提供改進機會，在接待處設置大型標牌，提醒每個需要進入的人必須始終使用刷卡
• E. 針對控制 A.7.6「在安全區域工作」提出不符合項，因為尚未定義在安全區域工作的安全措施
• F. 提供改進機會，承包商在訪問安全設施時必須始終有人陪同

正解：C

解説：
The best action to take in this scenario is to determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas, such as CCTV. This action is consistent with the audit principle of evidence-based approach, which requires the auditor to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1. By verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls, the auditor can assess the extent and impact of the nonconformity observed, and determine the appropriate audit finding and recommendation.
The other options are not the best actions to take in this scenario, because they are either premature or inappropriate. For example:
*Option A is inappropriate, because it is not the auditor's role to suggest specific solutions or improvements to the auditee, but rather to report the audit findings and recommendations based on the audit criteria and objectives2. A large sign in reception may not be an effective or feasible solution to address the issue of tailgating, and it may not reflect the root cause of the problem.
*Option C is premature, because it assumes that the control A.7.1 'security perimeters' is not adequately implemented, without verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls that may compensate for the observed nonconformity. The auditor should not jump to conclusions based on a single observation, but rather gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit finding3.
*Option D is premature, because it assumes that the control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' is not adequately implemented, without verifying the existence and effectiveness of other security controls that may compensate for the observed nonconformity. The auditor should not jump to conclusions based on a single observation, but rather gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support the audit finding3.
*Option E is inappropriate, because it is not related to the observed nonconformity, which is about the access control to secure areas, not the information security requirements agreed upon with the supplier. The auditor should not raise a nonconformity based on irrelevant or incorrect audit criteria4.
*Option F is inappropriate, because it is not the auditor's role to suggest specific solutions or improvements to the auditee, but rather to report the audit findings and recommendations based on the audit criteria and objectives2. Requiring contractors to be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities may not be an effective or feasible solution to address the issue of tailgating, and it may not reflect the root cause of the problem.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 5.2; 2: ISO 19011:2018, 6.6; 3: ISO 19011:2018, 6.2; 4: ISO 19011:2018,
6.3; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018; : ISO 19011:2018

質問 # 48
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 內部稽核師。
當 IT 經理找到您並要求您協助修改公司的適用性聲明時，您剛剛完成了組織的預定資訊安全審核。
IT 經理正在嘗試將基於 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 的適用性聲明更新為與 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 中的 4 個控制主題（組織控制、人員控制、實體控制、技術控制）一致的聲明。
IT 經理對控制權的重新分配感到滿意，但以下情況除外。他詢問您以下每個控制類別應出現在哪四個控制類別下。

正解：

解説：

Explanation:

8.1 Information stored on, processed by, or accessible via user endpoint devices shall be protected
= Technological control 7.8 Equipment shall be sited securely and protected = Physical control 5.2 Information security roles and responsibilities shall be defined and allocated according to the organisation's needs = Organisational control 6.7 Security measures shall be implemented when personnel are working remotely to protect information processed, processed, or stored outside the organisation's premises = People control Explanation: According to the web search results from my predefined tool, ISO 27001:2022 has restructured and consolidated the Annex A controls into four categories: organisational, people, physical, and technological12. These categories reflect the different aspects and dimensions of information security, and are aligned with the cybersecurity concepts of identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover3. The controls in each category are as follows4:
* Organisational controls: These are controls that relate to the governance, management, and coordination of information security activities within the organisation. They include controls such as information security policies, roles and responsibilities, risk assessment and treatment, performance evaluation, and improvement.
* People controls: These are controls that relate to the behaviour, awareness, and competence of the people involved in information security, both within and outside the organisation. They include controls such as human resource security, training and awareness, access control, incident management, and business continuity.
* Physical controls: These are controls that relate to the protection of physical assets and environments that store, process, or transmit information. They include controls such as physical security, environmental security, equipment security, and media security.
* Technological controls: These are controls that relate to the use of technology to implement, monitor, and maintain information security. They include controls such as cryptography, network security, system security, application security, and threat intelligence.
Based on these categories, the controls listed in the question can be matched as follows:
* 8.1 Information stored on, processed by, or accessible via user endpoint devices shall be protected: This is a technological control, as it involves the use of technology to protect information on devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, etc. It may include measures such as encryption, authentication, antivirus, firewall, etc.
* 7.8 Equipment shall be sited securely and protected: This is a physical control, as it involves the protection of physical assets and environments that store, process, or transmit information. It may include measures such as locks, alarms, CCTV, fire suppression, etc.
* 5.2 Information security roles and responsibilities shall be defined and allocated according to the organisation's needs: This is an organisational control, as it involves the governance, management, and coordination of information security activities within the organisation. It may include measures such as defining the authority and accountability of information security personnel, establishing reporting lines and communication channels, assigning tasks and duties, etc.
* 6.7 Security measures shall be implemented when personnel are working remotely to protect information processed, processed, or stored outside the organisation's premises: This is a people control, as it involves the behaviour, awareness, and competence of the people involved in information security, both within and outside the organisation. It may include measures such as providing guidance and training on remote working, enforcing policies and procedures, monitoring and auditing remote activities, etc.
References: = 1: A Breakdown of ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls - BARR Advisory42: ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls - What's New? | ISMS.Online13: How many controls are there in ISO 27001:2022? - Strike Graph34: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Annex A.

質問 # 49
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證適用性聲明 (SoA) 是否包含必要的控制措施。
您查看最新的 SoA（版本 5）文檔，對原始程式碼 (A.8.4) 的存取控制進行採樣，並想了解組織如何保護從外包軟體開發人員收到的 ABC 醫療保健行動應用程式原始程式碼。
IT 安全經理解釋說，收到的原始程式碼將被檢查到 SCM 系統中，以確保其完整性和安全性。只有授權使用者才能查看軟體並進行更新。
系統會自動記錄入住和退房活動。版本控制由系統自動管理。
您在 SCM 上總共發現了 10 個使用者帳戶。他們全部來自IT部門。您進一步與人力資源經理核實，並確認其中一位用戶 Scott 已於 9 個月前辭職。 SCM 系統管理員確認 Scott 最後一次檢出原始碼是在 1 個月前。他正在安全區域使用本機網路的授權桌面之一。
您檢查了使用者登出程序，其中規定「管理人員必須確保在辭職批准後立即從相關ICT系統和/或設備註銷使用者帳戶和授權」。用戶Scott沒有註銷記錄。
IT 安全經理解釋說，Scott 是一位非常優秀的軟體工程師、前同事和朋友。
辭職後，他仍然每月回到辦公室提供原始碼維護支援。這就是為什麼他在 SCM 上的帳戶仍然存在。 「我們很了解 Scott，他在加入我們時通過了我們所有的背景調查。因此，我們認為沒有必要僅僅因為他現在是外部提供者而與他同意任何進一步的資訊安全要求」。
您準備審計結果。選出三個正確選項。

• A. 存在不合格項 (NC)。該組織沒有記錄程序來規定如何使用系統工具來提供原始程式碼的存取和版本控制。這不符合第 9.1 條和控制措施 A.8.4。
• B. 存在不合格項 (NC)。斯科特應該被告知與他與療養院的新關係（外部提供者）相關的適用資訊安全要求。然而，IT 安全經理證實這並沒有發生。這不符合控制措施 A.5.20。
• C. 存在不合格項 (NC)。該組織的存取控制安排未能有效運行，因為不再受該組織僱用的個人被允許訪問療養院的 ICT 系統。這不符合控制措施 A.5.15。
• D. 存在不合格項 (NC)。 SCM 將自動記錄原始碼簽入/簽出活動。如果出現問題，團隊可能無法追蹤。這不符合第 9.1 條和控制措施 A.8.4。
• E. 存在不合格項 (NC)。該組織未能識別與斯科特的帳戶保持開放相關的安全風險，因為他每月只重新使用很短一段時間。這不符合第 8.2 條的規定。
• F. 存在不合格項 (NC)。 SCM是開源系統軟體。它不安全，不能用於原始碼的存取和版本控制。這不符合第 9.1 條和控制措施 A.8.4。
• G. 存在不合格項 (NC)。 IT 安全經理未確保 Scott 的使用者帳戶已從 SCM 中刪除，且在離職後未完成使用者登出流程。
  這不符合第 9.1 條和控制措施 A.5.15。
• H. 存在不合格項 (NC)。操作程序沒有很好的記錄。這使得 SCM 系統管理員無法立即刪除使用者帳戶。這不符合第 9.1 條和控制措施 A.5.37。

正解：C、E、G

解説：
The correct options are:
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation's access control arrangements are not operating effectively as an individual who is no longer employed by the organisation is being permitted to access the nursing home's ICT systems. This does not conform with control A.5.15. (B): This option is correct because control A.5.15 requires the organization to implement secure log-on procedures and manage user access rights. The organization should ensure that only authorized users can access the ICT systems and that the access rights are revoked or modified when the user status changes. The fact that Scott, who resigned 9 months ago, still has an active account on the SCM and can check out the source code, indicates a failure of the access control arrangements and a nonconformity with the control A.5.15.
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The IT Security manager did not make sure the user account for Scott was removed from the SCM and did not complete the user deregistration process after the resignation. This does not conform with clause 9.1 and control A.5.15. : This option is correct because clause 9.1 requires the organization to monitor, measure, analyze, and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS. The organization should have processes and indicators to verify that the ISMS requirements and objectives are met and that the ISMS is continually improved.
The organization should also ensure that the results of the monitoring and measurement are documented and communicated. The fact that the IT Security manager did not follow the user de-registration procedure and did not document or communicate the exception for Scott, indicates a failure of the monitoring and measurement processes and a nonconformity with clause 9.1 and control A.5.15.
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation has failed to identify the security risks associated with leaving Scott's account open when he was only re-engaged for a short period monthly. This does not conform with clause 8.2. (F): This option is correct because clause 8.2 requires the organization to establish and maintain an information security risk management process.
The organization should identify the information security risks, analyze and evaluate the risks, and treat the risks according to the risk criteria and the risk treatment options. The organization should also monitor and review the risks and the risk treatment plan periodically and document the results. The fact that the organization did not identify the security risks associated with Scott's access to the SCM and the source code, such as unauthorized disclosure, modification, or deletion of the information, indicates a failure of the risk management process and a nonconformity with clause 8.2.

質問 # 50
在第三方認證審核的背景下，哪兩個選項規定了審核組長在管理審核和審核小組的管理職責？

• A. 與受審核方建立聯繫
• B. 採訪 ISMS 經理
• C. 審核高階管理人員
• D. 頒發管理體系證書
• E. 採用風險為本的方法來規劃審核
• F. 準備審核不合格報告

正解：A、E

解説：
In the context of a third-party certification audit, the management responsibilities of the audit team leader in managing the audit and the audit team include adopting a risk-based approach to planning the audit and establishing contact with the auditee. A risk-based approach to planning the audit means that the team leader should consider the risks and opportunities that may affect the achievement of the audit objectives, the scope and criteria, the audit methods and techniques, the allocation of resources and the assignment of tasks to the audit team members. Establishing contact with the auditee means that the team leader should communicate with the auditee before, during and after the audit, to confirm the audit arrangements, to obtain relevant information, to address any issues or concerns, to provide feedback and to report the audit results and conclusions. References: = ISO 19011:2022, clauses 6.4.1 and 6.4.2; PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 24 and 25.

質問 # 51
管理體系審核的目的是？選擇1

• A. 管理組織管理系統的績效
• B. 評估組織管理系統的績效
• C. 研究組織管理系統的績效
• D. 提升組織管理系統的績效

正解：B

解説：
A management system audit is a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The audit criteria are a set of requirements that may include policies, procedures, standards, regulations, etc. The purpose of a management system audit is to evaluate the performance of an organisation's management system in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency, compliance, and improvement. A management system audit can also identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks of the management system and provide recommendations for improvement.

質問 # 52
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊領導者。受訓的審核員已與您聯繫，要求您澄清她可能需要進行的不同類型的審核。
將以下審核類型與描述相符。
要填寫表格，請按一下要填寫的空白部分，以便反白顯示“In fed”，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的文字。或者，您可以將每個選項拖曳到相應的空白部分。

正解：

解説：

質問 # 53
在準備審計時，下列哪一項敘述是錯誤的？

• A. 審核計畫在審核前與受審核方分享
• B. 審核計畫在審核期間可能會更改
• C. 審核檢查表在審核前與受審核方共用並達成協議
• D. 每個審核員都會建立自己的審核清單以供審核期間使用

正解：C

質問 # 54
下列哪兩個短語適用於與業務流程的計劃-實施-檢查-行動週期相關的「行動」？

• A. 實現改進
• B. 審核流程
• C. 重設目標
• D. 測量目標
• E. 計劃變更
• F. 驗證訓練

正解：A、C

解説：
The Act phase of the PDCA cycle is where the organisation takes actions to improve its processes and performance based on the results of the Check phase. This may involve resetting objectives to make them more realistic, achievable or challenging, or implementing changes to address the root causes of problems and achieve the desired outcomes. The Act phase is also where the organisation monitors the effects of the actions taken and evaluates their effectiveness and efficiency. The Act phase is important because it enables the organisation to learn from its experience and continually improve its ISMS. References: What is 'Plan, Do, Check, Act'? A framework for continuous improvement, PDCA in ISO27001 - Free guide to learn | Dr. Erdal Ozkaya, PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor (page 12)

質問 # 55
身為 ISMS 審核小組組長，您正在代表一家線上零售商對一家國際物流公司進行第二方審核。在審核期間，您的一名團隊成員報告了與 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 附錄 A 的控制措施 5.18（存取權限）相關的不合格項。她發現證據表明，刪除過去 3 個月內離開的 20 名人員的伺服器存取協議需要長達 1 週的時間，而政策要求在他們離開後 24 小時內刪除存取權限。
用最好的單字填寫句子，勾選要填寫的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中點擊適用的文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。

正解：

解説：

Explanation:
The purpose of including access rights in an information management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is to provide, review, modify and remove these permissions in accordance with the organisation' s policy and rules for access control.
Access rights are the permissions granted to users or groups of users to access, use, modify, or delete information assets. Access rights should be aligned with the organisation's access control policy, which defines the objectives, principles, roles, and responsibilities for managing access to information systems.
Access rights should also follow the organisation's rules for access control, which specify the criteria, procedures, and controls for granting, reviewing, modifying, and revoking access rights. The purpose of including access rights in an information management system is to ensure that only authorised users can access information assets according to their business needs and roles, and to prevent unauthorised or inappropriate access that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information assets. References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.181
* ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control 5.182
* CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Training Course3

質問 # 56
場景 1：Fintive 是一家傑出的線上支付和保護解決方案安全提供者。 Fintive 於 1999 年由 Thomas Fin 在加州聖荷西創立，為線上營運、希望提高資訊安全、防止詐欺並保護 PII 等用戶資訊的公司提供服務。 Fintive的決策和營運流程以以往的案例為中心。他們收集客戶數據，根據情況進行分類並進行分析。該公司需要大量員工才能進行如此複雜的分析。然而，幾年後，協助進行此類分析的技術也取得了進展。現在，Fintive 正計劃使用現代工具聊天機器人來實現模式分析，以即時防止詐騙。該工具也將用於幫助改善客戶服務。
這個最初的想法已傳達給軟體開發團隊，他們支持該想法並被分配從事該專案。他們開始將聊天機器人整合到現有系統中。此外，團隊也為聊天機器人設定了一個目標，即回答 85% 的聊天查詢。
聊天機器人成功整合後，該公司立即將其發布給客戶使用。
然而，聊天機器人似乎存在一些問題。
由於測試不足​​，並且在訓練階段缺乏向聊天機器人提供的樣本（在訓練階段，聊天機器人本應「學習」查詢模式），因此聊天機器人無法解決用戶查詢並提供正確的答案。此外，當聊天機器人收到無效輸入（例如奇怪的點圖案和特殊字元）時​​，它會向使用者發送隨機檔案。因此，聊天機器人無法正確回答客戶的查詢，而傳統的客戶支援因聊天查詢而不堪重負，因此無法幫助客戶解決他們的請求。
因此，Fintive 制定了軟體開發政策。該政策規定，無論軟體是內部開發還是外包，在作業系統上實施之前都將經過黑盒測試。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
根據場景 1，聊天機器人無法正確回答客戶的詢問。本案影響了資訊安全的哪些原則？

• A. 可用性
• B. 保密性
• C. 誠信

正解：C

解説：
The integrity principle of information security has been affected in this case. The chatbot's inability to provide accurate answers and its unintended behavior (sending random files) due to insufficient testing and lack of proper training samples compromised the integrity of the system.

質問 # 57
下列哪一項是利害關係方的定義？

• A. 當第三人認為自己受到決策或活動的影響時，可以向組織提出申訴
• B. 可以乾擾管理決策或認為自己受到管理決策幹擾的團體或組織
• C. 可以影響決策或活動、受決策或活動影響或認為自己受決策或活動影響的個人或組織
• D. 可以控制決策或活動、被決策或活動控製或認為自己被決策或活動控制的個人或組織

正解：C

解説：
This is the definition of an interested party according to ISO 27001:2013, clause 3.16. An interested party is essentially a stakeholder, i.e., a person or organization that can influence or be influenced by the information security management system (ISMS) or its activities. Interested parties can have different needs and expectations regarding the ISMS, and these should be identified and addressed by the organization.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 3.16
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 10
* Identifying interested parties and their expectations for an ISO 27001 ISMS
* Examples of ISO 27001 interested parties

質問 # 58
------------- 與其他重要業務資產一樣，該資產對組織有價值，因此需要受到保護。

• A. 安全
• B. 數據
• C. 訊息
• D. 基礎設施

正解：C

解説：
Information is an asset like other important business assets, as it has value to an organization and consequently needs to be protected. Information can be in any form, such as electronic, paper, or verbal. Information security is the protection of information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction2. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) | CQI | IRCA

質問 # 59
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證業務連續性管理流程的資訊安全性。
在審計過程中，您了解到該組織啟動了其中一項業務連續性計劃 (BCP)，以確保護理服務在最近的大流行期間繼續進行。您要求服務經理解釋組織如何在業務連續性管理流程中管理資訊安全。
服務經理提出針對大流行的護理服務連續性計劃，並將流程總結如下：
停止接納任何新居民。
70%的行政人員和30%的醫護人員將在家工作。
定期員工自我檢測，包括在來辦公室前 1 天提交陰性檢測報告。
安裝 ABC 的醫療保健行動應用程序，追蹤他們的足跡並出示綠色健康狀況二維碼以供現場檢查。
您詢問服務經理，當員工在家工作時，如何防止非相關家庭成員或利害關係人存取居民的個人資料。服務經理無法回答，並建議安全經理應提供協助。
您想要進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據 選擇將在您的審計追蹤中的三個選項。

• A. 透過訪問更多員工來了解他們對在家工作的感受，收集更多證據。
  （與第4.2條相關）
• B. 收集更多有關組織如何進行業務風險評估的證據，以評估現有居民離開療養院的速度。 （與第6條相關）
• C. 收集更多有關組織如何管理行動裝置上和遠端辦公期間的資訊安全的證據（與控制措施 A.6.7 相關）
• D. 收集更多有關如何以及何時測試業務連續性廣域網路的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.29 相關）
• E. 收集更多證據，說明組織如何確保只有檢測結果為陰性的員工才能進入組織（與控制措施 A.7.2 相關）
• F. 收集更多證據，了解組織提供哪些資源來支持在家工作的員工。 （與第7.1條相關）

正解：C、D、E

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), control A.5.29 requires an organization to establish and maintain a business continuity management process to ensure the continued availability of information and information systems at the required level following disruptive incidents1. The organization should identify and prioritize critical information assets and processes, assess the risks and impacts of disruptive incidents, develop and implement business continuity plans (BCPs), test and review the BCPs, and ensure that relevant parties are aware of their roles and responsibilities1. Therefore, when verifying the information security of the business continuity management process, an ISMS auditor should verify that these aspects are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Three options that will be in the audit trail for verifying control A.5.29 are:
* Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages information security on mobile devices and during teleworking (Relevant to control A.6.7): This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the organization has implemented appropriate controls to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information and information systems when staff work from home using mobile devices, such as laptops, tablets or smartphones. This is related to control A.6.7, which requires an organization to establish a policy and procedures for teleworking and use of mobile devices1.
* Collect more evidence on how and when the Business Continuity Plan has been tested (Relevant to control A.5.29): This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the organization has tested and reviewed the BCPs to ensure their effectiveness and suitability for different scenarios, such as a pandemic. This is related to control A.5.29, which requires an organization to test and review the BCPs at planned intervals or when significant changes occur1.
* Collect more evidence on how the organisation makes sure only staff with a negative test result can enter the organisation (Relevant to control A.7.2): This option is relevant because it can provide evidence of how the organization has implemented appropriate controls to prevent or reduce the risk of infection or transmission of diseases among staff or residents, such as requiring regular staff self-testing and using a health status app. This is related to control A.7.2, which requires an organization to ensure that all employees and contractors are aware of information security threats and concerns, their responsibilities and liabilities, and are equipped to support organizational policies and procedures in this respect1.
The other options are not relevant to verifying control A.5.29, as they are not related to the control or its requirements. For example:
* Collect more evidence by interviewing more staff about their feeling about working from home (Relevant to clause 4.2): This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the organization has established and maintained a business continuity management process or ensured the continued availability of information and information systems following disruptive incidents. It may be related to clause 4.2, which requires an organization to understand the needs and expectations of interested parties, but not specifically to control A.5.29.
* Collect more evidence on what resources the organisation provides to support the staff working from home (Relevant to clause 7.1): This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the organization has established and maintained a business continuity management process or ensured the continued availability of information and information systems following disruptive incidents. It may be related to clause 7.1, which requires an organization to determine and provide the resources needed for its ISMS, but not specifically to control A.5.29.
* Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs a business risk assessment to evaluate how fast the existing residents can be discharged from the nursing home (Relevant to clause 6): This option is not relevant because it does not provide evidence of how the organization has established and maintained a business continuity management process or ensured the continued availability of information and information systems following disruptive incidents. It may be related to clause 6, which requires an organization to plan actions to address risks and opportunities for its ISMS, but not specifically to control A.5.29.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements

質問 # 60
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理介紹了資訊安全事件管理程序，並解釋該流程基於 ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」意義的理解有差異。
您從事件追蹤系統中抽取過去 6 個月的事件報告記錄樣本，總結結果如下表所示。

您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇兩個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。

• A. 收集更多有關事件恢復程序的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• B. 收集更多有關組織如何確定事件恢復時間的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.27 相關）
• C. 收集更多關於公司如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖公司手機和資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• D. 收集更多有關醫療保健監測服務要求的證據。 （與第4.2條相關）
• E. 透過訪問更多員工了解他們對報告流程的理解來收集更多證據。
  （與控制措施 A.6.8 相關）
• F. 收集有關人力資源經理如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖個人行動資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的更多證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• G. 收集更多證據，說明組織如何確定事件發生後無需採取進一步行動。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）

正解：C、D

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 4.2 requires an organization to determine the needs and expectations of interested parties that are relevant to its ISMS1. This includes identifying the legal, regulatory, contractual and other requirements that apply to its information security activities1. Therefore, collecting more evidence on what the service requirements of healthcare monitoring are may not be relevant to verifying the information security incident management process, as it is not directly related to the audit objective or criteria. This option will not be in the audit trail.

質問 # 61
您是 ISMS 審核小組組長，準備在第三方監督審核後主持閉幕會議。您正在起草閉幕會議議程，列出您希望與受審核方討論的主題。
下列哪一項適合納入？

• A. 認證機構申訴流程的詳細說明
• B. 審核計畫及其目的的解釋
• C. 與不合格項相關的審核方名稱
• D. 關於審核結果基於證據抽樣的免責聲明

正解：D

解説：
This option is appropriate for inclusion in the closing meeting agenda, as it is a requirement of the ISO 19011 standard, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, including ISMS12. The standard states that the audit team leader should advise the auditee of any situations encountered during the audit that may decrease the confidence that can be placed in the audit conclusions, such as limitations in the audit scope, access, or sampling3. The standard also states that the audit report should include a statement that the audit is based on a sample of the information available at the time of the audit, and that the audit does not provide absolute assurance of the conformity or effectiveness of the audited management system4. Therefore, the audit team leader should include a disclaimer in the closing meeting agenda to inform the auditee of the nature and limitations of the audit, and to avoid any misunderstandings or false expectations. The other options are not appropriate for inclusion in the closing meeting agenda, as they are either irrelevant, incorrect, or incomplete. For example:
*A detailed explanation of the certification body's complaints process is not relevant for the closing meeting agenda, as it is not related to the audit findings or conclusions. The certification body's complaints process should be communicated to the auditee before the audit, as part of the audit agreement or contract5.
*An explanation of the audit plan and its purpose is not correct for the closing meeting agenda, as it should have been done at the opening meeting or before the audit. The audit plan is a document that describes the scope, objectives, criteria, and methodology of the audit, as well as the audit schedule, the audit team, the audit locations, and the audit deliverables . The audit plan should be communicated and agreed with the auditee in advance, and any changes or deviations should be notified during the audit.
*Names of auditees associated with nonconformities are not complete for the closing meeting agenda, as they do not provide the details or the evidence of the nonconformities. The audit team leader should present the audit findings, which include the description, the audit criteria, and the audit evidence of each nonconformity, as well as the audit conclusions and the audit recommendation . The audit team leader should also avoid naming or blaming individuals, and focus on the processes and the system.
References: = 1: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 222: ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 13: ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.4.94: ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause
7.5.25: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements, clause 9.8. : ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.4.1. : ISO/IEC 27007:2011 Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing, clause 6.2.1. : ISO 19011:
2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.4.2. : ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.4.10. : ISO/IEC 27007:2011 Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing, clause 6.3.3.

質問 # 62
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理介紹了資訊安全事件管理程序，並解釋該流程基於 ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」意義的理解有差異。
您從事件追蹤系統中抽取過去 6 個月的事件報告記錄樣本，總結結果如下表所示。

您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇兩個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。

• A. 收集更多有關事件恢復程序的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• B. 收集更多有關人力資源經理如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖個人行動資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• C. 收集更多有關組織如何確定事件恢復時間的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.27 相關）
• D. 收集更多關於公司如何以及何時支付贖金以解鎖公司手機和資料（即信用卡和銀行轉帳）的證據。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）
• E. 透過訪問更多員工了解他們對報告流程的理解來收集更多證據。
  （與控制措施 A.6.8 相關）
• F. 收集更多證據，說明組織如何確定事件發生後無需採取進一步行動。 （與控制措施 A.5.26 相關）

正解：B、D

解説：
*C. Collect more evidence on how and when the Human Resources manager pays the ransom fee to unlock personal mobile data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This is not relevant to the audit of the organization's incident management process. The HR manager's personal phone and how they handle a ransomware attack on it falls outside the scope of the ISMS audit. The organization is not responsible for personal devices.
*B. Collect more evidence on how and when the company pays the ransom fee to unlock the company's mobile phone and data, i.e., credit card, and bank transfer. (Relevant to control A.5.26) While seemingly relevant, this focuses on the method of payment for the ransom. The core issue is the organization paying the ransom at all, which is generally not best practice in incident response. The audit should focus on why this decision was made and if alternative solutions were considered (e.g., data backups, device wiping and restoration).
Why the other options ARE relevant:
*A. Collect more evidence by interviewing more staff about their understanding of the reporting process.
(Relevant to control A.6.8) This directly addresses the identified discrepancy in understanding "weakness, event, and incident," which is crucial for proper incident reporting.
*D. Collect more evidence on how the organisation determined the incident recovery time. (Relevant to control A.5.27) This investigates the basis for the 24-hour recovery time, which seems arbitrary and may not be appropriate for all incidents.
*E. Collect more evidence on how the organization determined no further action was needed after the incident. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This probes the adequacy of the incident response, especially the lack of preventative measures after paying the ransom.
*F. Collect more evidence on the incident recovery procedures. (Relevant to control A.5.26) This examines the actual procedures to assess their effectiveness and alignment with best practices.

質問 # 63
場景3：NightCore是一家總部位於美國的跨國科技公司，專注於電子商務、雲端運算、數位串流媒體和人工智慧。在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 8 個多月後，他們聘請了認證機構進行第三方審核，以獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構成立了一個由七名審核員組成的團隊。傑克是最有經驗的審核員，被任命為審核組組長。多年來，他獲得了許多知名認證，例如 ISO/IEC 27001 首席審核員、CISA、CISSP 和 CISM。
Jack 透過研究和評估 NightCore 實施的每項資訊安全要求和控制，對 ISMS 審查的每個階段進行了全面分析。在第二階段審核期間。傑克發現了一些不合格項。在將購買的軟體許可證發票數量與軟體庫存進行比較後，傑克發現該公司的許多電腦一直在使用非法版本的軟體。他決定要求高階主管對這項違規行為做出解釋，看看他們是否意識到這一點。他的下一步是審計 NightCore 的 IT 部門。高層指派 NightCore 的系統管理員 Tom 擔任指導，陪伴 Jack 和稽核團隊了解系統和數位資產基礎設施的內部運作。
在採訪財務部的一名成員時，審計人員發現該公司最近向其一名顧問進行了一些不尋常的大額交易。收集有關交易的所有必要詳細資訊後。傑克決定直接訪問高階主管。
在討論第一個不合格項時，高階主管告訴傑克，他們願意決定使用複製軟體而不是原始軟體，因為它更便宜。 Jack向NightCore的高層解釋說，使用非法版本的軟體違反了ISO/IEC 27001和國家法律法規的要求。然而，他們似乎對此感到滿意。
在審計幾個月後，Jack 將他在審計期間收集的一些 NightCore 資訊出售給了 NightCore 的競爭對手，以獲取巨額資金。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
當傑克發現有關軟體的第一個不合格項時，他收集了哪些類型的審核證據？請參閱場景 3。

• A. 數學證據
• B. 分析證據
• C. 口頭證據

正解：A

解説：
Jack collected mathematical evidence when he identified nonconformities by comparing the number of purchased invoices for software licenses with the software inventory. This type of evidence involves numerical, quantifiable data that highlights discrepancies and supports findings of compliance or non- compliance.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Standard, general guidelines on auditing

質問 # 64
完成第一階段並準備第二階段初步認證審核後，受審核方通知審核小組負責人，他們希望擴大審核範圍，以包括該組織最近收購的另外兩個場所。
考慮到這些訊息，您希望審計小組負責人採取什麼行動？

• A. 通知被審核方審核組長接受請求
• B. 增加第 2 階段審核的長度以包含額外的站點
• C. 獲取有關其他站點的信息，以通知管理審核計劃的個人
• D. 安排使用視訊會議平台完成兩個站點的遠端第一階段審核

正解：C

解説：
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the audit team leader should obtain information about the additional sites to inform the individual(s) managing the audit programme, as this may affect the audit objectives, scope, criteria, duration, resources, and risks. The audit team leader should also review the audit plan and make any necessary adjustments in consultation with the auditee and the audit client1. References: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 27, section
4.3.2.2.

質問 # 65
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，負責對網路服務供應商進行第三方監督審核。您正在檢視組織的風險評估流程是否符合 ISO
/IEC 27001:2022。
以下哪三項審核結果會促使您提出不合格報告？

• A. 組織的風險評估標準尚未經過最高管理層的審查和批准
• B. 組織尚未使用 RAG（紅色、琥珀色、綠色）對其資訊安全風險進行分類。
  相反，它使用了微笑表情符號、中性表情符號和悲傷表情符號
• C. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程僅基於對每個風險影響的評估
• D. 有不同的系統用於評估營運資訊安全風險和評估策略資訊安全風險
• E. 組織正在按照識別的順序處理資訊安全風險
• F. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程建議為每個風險分配一個風險負責人
• G. 組織已將其所有資訊安全風險的機率評估為 0%、25%、
  50%、75% 或 100%
• H. 兩個系統都包含與保護資訊的機密性、完整性和可存取性無關的額外資訊安全風險

正解：A、C、E

解説：
The three audit findings that would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report are:
*The organisation is treating information security risks in the order in which they are identified
*The organisation's risk assessment criteria have not been reviewed and approved by top management
*The organisation's information security risk assessment process is based solely on an assessment of the impact of each risk According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.2, the organisation must establish and maintain an information security risk management process that is consistent with the organisation's context and aligned with its overall risk management approach1. This process must include the following steps:
*Establishing the risk assessment criteria, which must be approved by top management and reflect the organisation's risk appetite and objectives2
*Identifying the information security risks, which must consider the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, and likelihoods3
*Analysing the information security risks, which must determine the levels of risk and compare them with the risk criteria4
*Evaluating the information security risks, which must prioritise the risks and decide whether they need treatment or not5 Therefore, the audit findings B, E, and F indicate that the organisation is not following the required steps of the information security risk management process, and thus are nonconformities with the standard.
The other audit findings are not necessarily nonconformities, as they may be acceptable depending on the organisation's context and justification. For example:
*Audit finding A may be acceptable if the organisation has identified and treated the additional information security risks that are relevant to its scope and objectives, and has documented the rationale for doing so6
*Audit finding C may be acceptable if the organisation has assigned clear roles and responsibilities for the information security risk management process, and has ensured that the risk owners have the authority and competence to manage the risks7
*Audit finding D may be acceptable if the organisation has defined and communicated the meaning and implications of the emoji-based risk classification, and has ensured that it is consistent with the risk criteria and the risk treatment process8
*Audit finding G may be acceptable if the organisation has justified the use of discrete values for the probability of the information security risks, and has ensured that they are realistic and consistent with the risk criteria and the risk analysis method9
*Audit finding H may be acceptable if the organisation has established and maintained different systems for assessing operational and strategic information security risks, and has ensured that they are integrated and aligned with the overall risk management approach and the ISMS objectives10 References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a); 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 b); 4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c); 5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 d); 6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.0.2; 7: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022, 5.3; 8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 2); 9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c) 2); 10: ISO/IEC
27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 1); : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC
27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; :
ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022

質問 # 66
目標、標準和範圍是第三方 ISMS 審核的關鍵特徵。哪兩個問題是審計目標？

• A. 完成審核計劃
• B. 檢討組織效率
• C. 評估客戶流程與功能
• D. 確認執行 ISMS 的站點
• E. 評估是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 要求
• F. 確定 ISMS 的範圍

正解：D、E

解説：
Audit objectives are the specific purposes or goals that the customer or the certification body wants to achieve through the audit. They define what the audit intends to accomplish and provide the basis for planning and conducting the audit. Audit objectives may vary depending on the type, scope, and criteria of the audit, but they should be clear, measurable, and achievable.
Some examples of audit objectives for a third-party ISMS audit are:
* Assess conformity with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements: This objective means that the audit aims to verify that the organisation's ISMS meets the requirements of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, which specifies the best practices for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an information security management system. The audit will evaluate the organisation's ISMS documentation, processes, controls, and performance against the standard's clauses and annex A controls.
* Confirm sites operating the ISMS: This objective means that the audit aims to confirm that the organisation's ISMS covers all the relevant sites or locations where the organisation operates or provides its services. The audit will verify that the scope of the ISMS is accurate and consistent with the organisation's context, objectives, and risks.
The other phrases are not audit objectives, but rather:
* Evaluate customer processes and functions: This is not an audit objective, but rather a possible audit criterion or a requirement that the organisation's processes and functions should meet. The audit criterion is the reference against which the audit evidence is compared to determine conformity or nonconformity. The audit criterion may include ISO/IEC 27001 requirements, customer requirements, or other applicable standards or regulations.
* Fulfil the audit plan: This is not an audit objective, but rather a task or an activity that the auditor performs during the audit. The audit plan is a document that describes the arrangements and details of the audit, such as the objectives, scope, criteria, schedule, roles, and responsibilities. The auditor should follow and fulfil the audit plan to ensure that the audit is conducted effectively and efficiently.
* Determine the scope of the ISMS: This is not an audit objective, but rather a prerequisite or an input for conducting the audit. The scope of the ISMS is the extent and boundaries of the information security management system within the organisation. It defines what processes, activities, locations, assets, and stakeholders are included or excluded from the ISMS. The scope of the ISMS should be determined by the organisation before applying for certification or undergoing an audit.
* Review organisation efficiency: This is not an audit objective, but rather a possible outcome or a result of conducting an audit. The organisation efficiency is a measure of how well the organisation uses its resources to achieve its goals and objectives. The audit may help review and improve the organisation efficiency by identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in its information security management system.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB
* ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 5.3.1]

質問 # 67
哪個是將三元組黏合在一起的黏合劑

• A. 技術
• B. 人
• C. 行程
• D. 協作

正解：A

解説：
The triad refers to the three elements of information security: confidentiality, integrity and availability3. Technology is the glue that ties the triad together, as it provides the means to implement various controls and measures to protect information from unauthorized access, modification or loss3. References: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course - BSI

質問 # 68
作為 ISMS 實施的一部分，行銷機構開發了自己的風險評估方法。這是可以接受的嗎？

• A. 是，只有當風險評估方法與公認的風險評估方法一致時
• B. 否，實施 ISMS 時，應使用 ISO/IEC 27001 提供的風險評估方法
• C. 是的，可以使用任何符合 ISO/IEC 27001 要求的風險評估方法

正解：C

解説：
ISO/IEC 27001 does not mandate the use of a specific risk assessment methodology. Organizations are free to choose their own approach as long as it is systematic, consistent, and capable of producing valid and comparable results. This allows organizations, such as the marketing agency in the question, to adapt the methodology to suit their specific needs and business context, provided it complies with the requirements set out in the standard.
References: PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Course Materials; ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Standard, Clause
6.1.2.

質問 # 69
......

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