2025年04月30日に更新された最新のFast2test ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN試験問題リアルISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN問題集で
ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN別格な問題集で最上級の成績にさせるISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN問題
質問 # 150
審核員能力是知識和技能的結合。下列哪兩項活動主要與「知識」相關？
- A. 設計清單
- B. 遵循偏離準備清單的審核追蹤
- C. 決定如何向受審核方尋求證據
- D. 與受審核方溝通
- E. 了解如何辨識發現結果
- F. 決定要收集哪些證據
正解：A、F
解説：
Knowledge is the understanding of facts, concepts, principles, theories and practices related to a specific subject or discipline. Skills are the ability to apply knowledge and use know-how to complete tasks and solve problems. According to ISO 19011:2018, the knowledge and skills of an auditor include the following:
* Knowledge of audit principles, procedures and methods
* Knowledge of management system standards and reference documents
* Knowledge of the organization's context, scope, processes and objectives
* Knowledge of relevant legal, regulatory and contractual requirements
* Knowledge of applicable industry, sector or technical disciplines
* Knowledge of risk management and risk-based thinking
* Skill in collecting and verifying information
* Skill in evaluating conformity and effectiveness of management systems
* Skill in reporting and communicating audit results
* Skill in managing audit activities and teams
Based on this, the activities that are predominately related to knowledge are designing a checklist and determining what evidence to gather, as they require the auditor to understand the audit criteria, scope, objectives and methods, as well as the organization's context, processes and risks. The other activities are more related to skills, as they involve applying knowledge and using know-how to perform tasks and solve problems during the audit.
References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, clauses 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3
* PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 9-10 and 16-17
* ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on: Auditing Competence, pages 2-3 and 8
質問 # 151
對於組織和利害關係人來說，第三方認可的 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 資訊安全管理系統認證有哪兩個選項的好處？
- A. 第三方認可的認證表示組織符合相關方期望的法律和法規要求
- B. 第三方認可的認證顯示該組織的管理系統採用了系統的資訊安全方法
- C. 第三方認可的認證表示組織的管理系統已維護且有效
- D. 第三方認可的認證確保組織獲得更多客戶
- E. 第三方認可的認證表示組織的 ICT 產品受到保護並獲得認證
- F. 第三方認可的認證確保組織的 IT 系統免受外部幹擾
正解：B、C
解説：
Third-party accredited certification of information security management systems to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 provides assurance to organisations and interested parties that the organisation's management system is maintained and effective, meaning that it conforms to the requirements of the standard, meets the organisation' s objectives and policies, and addresses the risks and opportunities related to information security. Third-party accredited certification also demonstrates that the organisation's management system adopted a systematic approach to information security, meaning that it follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, applies the risk-based thinking principle, and considers the context and needs of the organisation and its stakeholders
質問 # 152
AppFolk 是一家軟體開發公司，正在尋求 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。都包括在內。這是可以接受的嗎？
- A. 是的，審核和 ISMS 範圍不一定需要相同
- B. 不，審核範圍應反映 ISMS 涵蓋的組織的所有部門
- C. 不，對被審核方所在工業部門不重要的部門可以排除在審核範圍之外
正解：B
解説：
No, the audit scope should reflect all of the organization's divisions that are covered by the ISMS. If the ISMS scope stated that it includes the whole company, the audit scope should align with this unless specifically justified and agreed upon by all stakeholders.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause 4.3 (Determining the scope of the information security management system)
質問 # 153
下列哪兩個短語適用於業務流程的計畫-執行-檢查-行動週期中的「檢查」？
- A. 審核流程
- B. 更新資訊安全策略
- C. 驗證訓練
- D. 重設目標
- E. 進行改進
- F. 管理變更
正解：A、C
解説：
The two phrases that would apply to 'check' in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for a business process are:
* C. Verifying training
* F. Auditing processes
* C. This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the training activities that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Training is an important aspect of information security awareness, education, and competence, which are required by clause 7.2 of ISO 27001:20221. Verifying training can help the organisation to assess whether the staff have acquired the necessary knowledge, skills, and behaviour to perform their roles and responsibilities in relation to information security. Verifying training can also help the organisation to identify any gaps or weaknesses in the training program and to plan for improvement actions.
* F. This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves examining and reviewing the performance and conformity of the processes that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Auditing is a systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled2. Auditing processes can help the organisation to verify whether the information security objectives and requirements are met, whether the information security controls are effective and efficient, and whether the information security risks are adequately managed. Auditing processes can also help the organisation to identify any nonconformities or opportunities for improvement and to plan for corrective or preventive actions.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 7.2 2: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 3.2
質問 # 154
在定義以下內容時，評估與不合格和不遵守法律和合約要求相關的成本：
- A. 審計風險
- B. 合理保證
- C. 重要性
正解：C
解説：
Materiality in the context of an audit involves assessing what level of nonconformities or failures, including those related to legal and contractual compliance, would be significant enough to affect the audit conclusions.
Costs related to these issues are considered when determining materiality.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 155
場景3：NightCore是一家總部位於美國的跨國科技公司，專注於電子商務、雲端運算、數位串流媒體和人工智慧。在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 8 個多月後，他們聘請了認證機構進行第三方審核，以獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構成立了一個由七名審核員組成的團隊。傑克是最有經驗的審核員，被任命為審核組組長。多年來，他獲得了許多知名認證，例如 ISO/IEC 27001 首席審核員、CISA、CISSP 和 CISM。
Jack 透過研究和評估 NightCore 實施的每項資訊安全要求和控制，對 ISMS 審查的每個階段進行了全面分析。在第二階段審核期間。傑克發現了一些不合格項。在將購買的軟體許可證發票數量與軟體庫存進行比較後，傑克發現該公司的許多電腦一直在使用非法版本的軟體。他決定要求高階主管對這項違規行為做出解釋，看看他們是否意識到這一點。他的下一步是審計 NightCore 的 IT 部門。高層指派 NightCore 的系統管理員 Tom 擔任指導，陪伴 Jack 和稽核團隊了解系統和數位資產基礎設施的內部運作。
在採訪財務部的一名成員時，審計人員發現該公司最近向其一名顧問進行了一些不尋常的大額交易。收集有關交易的所有必要詳細資訊後。傑克決定直接訪問高階主管。
在討論第一個不合格項時，高階主管告訴傑克，他們願意決定使用複製軟體而不是原始軟體，因為它更便宜。 Jack向NightCore的高層解釋說，使用非法版本的軟體違反了ISO/IEC 27001和國家法律法規的要求。然而，他們似乎對此感到滿意。
在審計幾個月後，Jack 將他在審計期間收集的一些 NightCore 資訊出售給了 NightCore 的競爭對手，以獲取巨額資金。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
根據情境 3。
- A. 附件 A 5.32 智慧財產權
- B. 附件 A 5.1 資訊安全政策
- C. 附件 A 5.10 資訊及其他相關資產的可接受使用
正解：A
解説：
By using illegal versions of software, NightCore ignored the control about intellectual property rights under Annex A.8.1.1 of ISO/IEC 27001, which requires the protection of organizational records to include intellectual property and personal information held in the form of data or software.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Standard, Annex A.8.1.1 (Responsibility for assets)
質問 # 156
下列哪兩個是「不」涉及人際互動的審核方法的範例？
- A. 使用電話會議平台進行採訪
- B. 確認審核的日期和時間
- C. 觀察遠端監控執行的工作
- D. 透過遠端存取被審核方伺服器分析數據
- E. 對受審核方的程序進行審查，為審核做準備
- F. 檢討受審核方對審核結果的回應
正解：D、E
解説：
Audit methods are the techniques and procedures that auditors use to collect and evaluate audit evidence.
Audit methods can be classified into two categories: those that involve human interaction and those that do not. Human interaction methods are those that require direct or indirect communication with the auditee or other relevant parties, such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, observations, or walkthroughs. Non-human interaction methods are those that do not require any communication with the auditee or other parties, such as document reviews, data analysis, or remote surveillance.
Some examples of audit methods that do not involve human interaction are:
* Performing a review of auditee's procedures in preparation for an audit: This method involves examining the auditee's documented information, such as policies, processes, records, or reports, to verify their adequacy and effectiveness in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
* Analysing data by remotely accessing the auditee's server: This method involves accessing and processing the auditee's data, such as performance indicators, logs, metrics, or statistics, to verify their accuracy and reliability in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB
* ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 6.2.2]
質問 # 157
您正在作為審核組組長進行首次第三方 ISMS 監督審核。您目前與審核團隊的另一位成員以及組織的指南一起位於受審核方的資料中心。
您要求進入受密碼鎖和虹膜掃描器保護的上鎖房間。此房間包含幾排不間斷電源以及幾個包含客戶端提供的設備（主要是伺服器和交換器）的資料櫃。
您注意到有一個氣體滅火系統。標籤表示系統需要每 6 個月進行一次測試，但標籤上記錄的最近一次測試是製造商在 12 個月前進行的。
根據上述情況，您現在會採取下列哪兩項操作？
- A. 需要指南來啟動組織的資訊安全事件流程
- B. 如果房間內有水基滅火器，則無需採取進一步行動，因為它們提供了另一種滅火方法
- C. 由於組織尚未確定需要針對火災威脅採取行動，因此針對控制 A.5.7「威脅情報」提出不符合項
- D. 做筆記，向現場維修經理索取6個月前進行過滅火系統測試的證據
- E. 確定記錄滅火器檢查的要求是否在去年進行了修訂。
如果是這樣，建議在現有標籤上引用這些內容作為改進的機會 - F. 針對控制 A.7.11「支援公用設施」提出不符合項，因為資訊處理設施沒有充分保護以防止可能的中斷
正解：D、F
質問 # 158
選擇兩個描述使用清單的優點的選項。
- A. 必要時不要改變清單
- B. 每次審核都使用相同的清單，無需審核
- C. 確保審核計畫得到實施
- D. 減少審核時間
- E. 確保遵循相關審核跟踪
- F. 限制訪談指定方
正解：C、E
解説：
A checklist is a tool that helps auditors to collect and verify information relevant to the audit objectives and scope. It can provide the following advantages:
* Ensuring relevant audit trails are followed: A checklist can help auditors to identify and trace the sources of evidence that support the conformity or nonconformity of the audited criteria. It can also help auditors to avoid missing or overlooking any important aspects of the audit.
* Ensuring the audit plan is implemented: A checklist can help auditors to follow and fulfil the audit plan, which describes the arrangements and details of the audit, such as the objectives, scope, criteria, schedule, roles, and responsibilities. It can also help auditors to manage their time and resources effectively and efficiently.
The other options are not advantages of using a checklist, but rather:
* Using the same checklist for every audit without review: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can lead to a rigid and ineffective audit approach. A checklist should be tailored and adapted to each specific audit, taking into account the context, risks, and changes of the auditee and the audit criteria. A checklist should also be reviewed and updated periodically to ensure its validity and relevance.
* Restricting interviews to nominated parties: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can limit the scope and depth of the audit. A checklist should not prevent auditors from interviewing other relevant parties or sources of information that may provide valuable evidence or insights for the audit.
A checklist should be used as a guide, not as a constraint.
* Reducing audit duration: This is not necessarily an advantage of using a checklist, as it depends on various factors, such as the complexity, size, and maturity of the auditee's ISMS, the availability and quality of evidence, the competence and experience of the auditors, and the level of cooperation and communication between the auditors and the auditee. A checklist may help reduce audit duration by improving efficiency and organization, but it may also increase audit duration by requiring more evidence or verification.
* Not varying from the checklist when necessary: This is a disadvantage of using a checklist, as it can result in a superficial or incomplete audit. A checklist should not prevent auditors from exploring or investigating any issues or concerns that arise during the audit, even if they are not included in the checklist. A checklist should be used as a support, not as a substitute.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB
* ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 6.2.2]
質問 # 159
一家電信公司使用 AES 方法來確保機密資訊受到保護。
這意味著他們使用單一密鑰來加密和
解密資訊。公司使用什麼樣的控制？
- A. 偵探
- B. 預防性
- C. 修正
正解：B
解説：
The AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) method is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting data1. This type of control is considered preventive because it is implemented to prevent unauthorized access to confidential information by ensuring that the data is unreadable to anyone who does not have the key. References: = The explanation is based on the general understanding of encryption as a security control within the field of information security, particularly as it pertains to the ISO/IEC 27001 standard for information security management systems (ISMS), which includes encryption as a preventive control measure.
質問 # 160
能夠證明所聲稱事件發生的資訊屬性。
- A. 輔助功能
- B. 電子連鎖信
- C. 可用性
- D. 誠信
正解：D
解説：
A property of information that has the ability to prove occurrence of a claimed event is integrity. Integrity is one of the three main objectives of information security, along with confidentiality and availability. Integrity ensures that information and systems are not corrupted, modified, or deleted by unauthorized actions or events. Integrity also implies that information and systems can be verified and validated as authentic and accurate. Electronic chain letters are not a property of information, but a type of spam or hoax message that may contain malicious or misleading content. Availability means that service should be accessible at the required time and usable only by the authorized entity. Accessibility is not a property of information, but a characteristic of usability that refers to how easy it is for users to access and interact with information and systems. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 24. : [ISO/IEC
27001 Brochures | PECB], page 4. : [ISO/IEC 27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB], page 13.
質問 # 161
以下是「誠信」的目的，這是資訊安全的基本組成部分之一
- A. 資訊不會提供或揭露給未經授權的個人的屬性
- B. 保障資產準確性和完整性的屬性。
- C. 根據授權實體的要求可存取和使用的屬性。
- D. 資訊不會提供或揭露給未經授權的個人的屬性
正解：B
解説：
Integrity is one of the basic components of information security, along with confidentiality and availability.
Integrity means that information is safeguarded from unauthorized or accidental changes that could affect its accuracy and completeness. Integrity ensures that information is reliable and trustworthy3. References: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course - BSI
質問 # 162
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，負責對網路服務供應商進行第三方監督審核。您正在檢視組織的風險評估流程是否符合 ISO
/IEC 27001:2022。
以下哪三項審核結果會促使您提出不合格報告？
- A. 組織已將其所有資訊安全風險的機率評估為 0%、25%、
50%、75% 或 100% - B. 兩個系統都包含與保護資訊的機密性、完整性和可存取性無關的額外資訊安全風險
- C. 組織正在按照識別的順序處理資訊安全風險
- D. 組織的風險評估標準尚未經過最高管理層的審查和批准
- E. 有不同的系統用於評估營運資訊安全風險和評估策略資訊安全風險
- F. 組織尚未使用 RAG（紅色、琥珀色、綠色）對其資訊安全風險進行分類。
相反，它使用了微笑表情符號、中性表情符號和悲傷表情符號 - G. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程建議為每個風險分配一個風險負責人
- H. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程僅基於對每個風險影響的評估
正解：C、D、H
解説：
The three audit findings that would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report are:
*The organisation is treating information security risks in the order in which they are identified
*The organisation's risk assessment criteria have not been reviewed and approved by top management
*The organisation's information security risk assessment process is based solely on an assessment of the impact of each risk According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.2, the organisation must establish and maintain an information security risk management process that is consistent with the organisation's context and aligned with its overall risk management approach1. This process must include the following steps:
*Establishing the risk assessment criteria, which must be approved by top management and reflect the organisation's risk appetite and objectives2
*Identifying the information security risks, which must consider the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, and likelihoods3
*Analysing the information security risks, which must determine the levels of risk and compare them with the risk criteria4
*Evaluating the information security risks, which must prioritise the risks and decide whether they need treatment or not5 Therefore, the audit findings B, E, and F indicate that the organisation is not following the required steps of the information security risk management process, and thus are nonconformities with the standard.
The other audit findings are not necessarily nonconformities, as they may be acceptable depending on the organisation's context and justification. For example:
*Audit finding A may be acceptable if the organisation has identified and treated the additional information security risks that are relevant to its scope and objectives, and has documented the rationale for doing so6
*Audit finding C may be acceptable if the organisation has assigned clear roles and responsibilities for the information security risk management process, and has ensured that the risk owners have the authority and competence to manage the risks7
*Audit finding D may be acceptable if the organisation has defined and communicated the meaning and implications of the emoji-based risk classification, and has ensured that it is consistent with the risk criteria and the risk treatment process8
*Audit finding G may be acceptable if the organisation has justified the use of discrete values for the probability of the information security risks, and has ensured that they are realistic and consistent with the risk criteria and the risk analysis method9
*Audit finding H may be acceptable if the organisation has established and maintained different systems for assessing operational and strategic information security risks, and has ensured that they are integrated and aligned with the overall risk management approach and the ISMS objectives10 References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a); 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 b); 4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c); 5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 d); 6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.0.2; 7: ISO
/IEC 27001:2022, 5.3; 8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 2); 9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c) 2); 10: ISO/IEC
27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 1); : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC
27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; :
ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022
質問 # 163
您工作的資料中心目前正在尋求 ISO/IEC27001:2022 認證。在為您的初次認證訪問做準備時，您集團內另一個資料中心的同事已進行了多次內部審核。他們在今年稍早獲得了 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 證書。
您剛剛獲得內部 ISMS 審核員資格，您的經理要求您在外部認證機構到達之前審查審核流程和審核結果，作為最終檢查。
以下哪六項會讓您擔心是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 要求？
- A. 根據審核計劃，在認證訪問之前不會審核高階主管對 ISMS 的承諾
- B. 審核計畫要求審核員必須獨立於他們審核的領域，以滿足 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 的要求
- C. 審核計畫顯示年內不定期進行管理審核
- D. 審計報告不以硬拷貝形式（即紙本形式）保存。它們僅作為「.POF 文件」儲存在組織的 Intranet 上
- E. 審計流程規定審計結果將提供給「相關」經理，而不是最高管理階層
- F. 審核計畫未考慮資訊安全流程的相對重要性
- G. 迄今為止的審計報告已使用關鍵績效指標資訊來僅關注 ISMS 流程的效率
- H. 審核程序不考慮先前審核的結果
- I. 雖然已定義每次內部審核的範圍，但尚未為迄今為止進行的審核定義審核標準
- J. 審核計畫未引用審核方法或審核職責
正解：A、C、F、G、H、I
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 9.3 requires top management to review the organization's ISMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness1. Clause 9.2 requires the organization to conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained1. Therefore, when reviewing the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external certification body arrives, an internal ISMS auditor should verify that these clauses are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Six of the following statements would cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
* The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year:
This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not conducting management reviews at planned intervals, as required by clause 9.3. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS.
* The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not applying a risk-based approach to determine the audit frequency, methods, scope and criteria, as recommended by ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems2. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address the most significant risks and opportunities for its ISMS.
* Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not establishing audit criteria for each internal audit, as required by clause 9.2. Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared2.
Without audit criteria, it is not possible to determine whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
* Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not evaluating the effectiveness of ISMS processes, as required by clause 9.1. Effectiveness is the extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved2. Efficiency is the relationship between the result achieved and the resources used2. Both aspects are important for measuring and evaluating ISMS performance and improvement.
* The audit programme does not take into account the results of previous audits: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not using the results of previous audits as an input for planning and conducting subsequent audits, as recommended by ISO 19011:20182. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address any recurring or unresolved issues or nonconformities related to its ISMS.
* Top management commitment to the ISMS will not be audited before the certification visit, according to the audit programme: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not verifying that top management demonstrates leadership and commitment with respect to its ISMS, as required by clause 5.1. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure that the ISMS policy and objectives are established and compatible with the strategic direction of the organization; that roles, responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned and communicated; that resources needed for the ISMS are available; that communication about information security matters is established; that continual improvement of the ISMS is promoted; that other relevant management reviews are aligned with those of information security; and that support is provided to other relevant roles1.
The other statements would not cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
* Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation's intranet: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific format or media for documenting or storing audit reports, as long as they are controlled according to clause 7.5.
* The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for auditor independence, as long as the audit is conducted objectively and impartially, in accordance with ISO 19011:20182.
* The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for referencing audit methods or audit responsibilities in the audit programme, as long as they are defined and documented according to ISO 19011:20182.
* The audit process states the results of audits will be made available to 'relevant' managers, not top management: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for communicating the results of audits to top management, as long as they are reported to the relevant parties and used as an input for management review, according to clause 9.3.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 164
選出最能完成句子的單字：
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
A third-party audit is an independent assessment of an organisation's management system by an external auditor, who is not affiliated with the organisation or its customers. The auditor verifies that the management system meets the requirements of a specific standard, such as ISO 27001, and evaluates its effectiveness and performance. The auditor also identifies any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or risks of the management system, and provides recommendations for improvement. The purpose of a third-party audit is to provide an objective and impartial evaluation of the organisation's management system, and to inform a certification decision by a certification body. A certification body is an organisation that grants a certificate of conformity to the organisation, after reviewing the audit report and evidence, and confirming that the management system meets the certification criteria. A certification decision is the outcome of the certification process, which can be positive (granting, maintaining, renewing, or expanding the scope of certification) or negative (suspending, withdrawing, or reducing the scope of certification). References:
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 19-25
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* The ISO 27001 audit process | ISMS.online
質問 # 165
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，正在與分配給您的審核團隊的正在接受培訓的審核員進行交談。您希望確保他們了解計劃-實施-檢查-行動週期的檢查階段對於資訊安全管理系統的運作的重要性。
您可以透過要求他選擇最能完成句子的單字來做到這一點：
要使用最佳單字完成句子，請按一下要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
* Review is the third stage of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, which is a four-step model for implementing and improving an information security management system (ISMS) according to ISO
/IEC 27001:202212. Review involves assessing and measuring the performance of the ISMS against the established policies, objectives, and criteria12.
* Assess is the verb that describes the action of reviewing the ISMS. Assess means to evaluate, analyze, or measure something in a systematic and objective manner3. Assessing the ISMS involves collecting and verifying audit evidence, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and determining the degree of conformity or nonconformity12.
* Regular is the adjective that describes the frequency or interval of reviewing the ISMS. Regular means occurring or done at fixed or uniform intervals4. Reviewing the ISMS at regular intervals means conducting internal audits and management reviews periodically, such as annually, quarterly, or monthly, depending on the needs and risks of the organization12.
* Suitability is one of the attributes that describes the quality or outcome of reviewing the ISMS. Suitability means being appropriate or fitting for a particular purpose, person, or situation5. Reviewing the ISMS for suitability means ensuring that it is aligned with the organization's strategic direction, business objectives, and information security requirements12.
References :=
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* ISO/IEC 27003:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Guidance
* Assess | Definition of Assess by Merriam-Webster
* Regular | Definition of Regular by Merriam-Webster
* Suitability | Definition of Suitability by Merriam-Webster
質問 # 166
情境 5：Data Grid Inc. 是一家知名公司，為整個資訊科技基礎設施提供安全服務。它提供網路安全軟體，包括端點安全、防火牆和防毒軟體。二十年來，Data Grid Inc. 透過先進的產品和服務幫助多家公司保護其網路安全。 Data Grid Inc. 在資訊和網路安全領域享有盛譽，決定獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證，以更好地保護其內部和客戶資產並獲得競爭優勢。
Data Grid Inc. 任命了審計團隊，該團隊同意審計任務的條款。此外，Data Grid Inc.明確了審核範圍，明確了審核標準，並建議在五天內結束審核。由於Data Grid Inc.員工人數眾多，流程複雜，審計小組拒絕了Data Grid Inc.在五天內進行審計的提議。 Data Grid Inc.堅稱他們計劃在五天內完成審核，因此雙方同意在規定的時間內進行審核。審計小組遵循基於風險的審計方法。
為了獲得主要業務流程和控制的概述，審計團隊存取了流程描述和組織圖表。他們無法對 IT 風險和控制進行更深入的分析，因為他們對 IT 基礎架構和應用程式的存取受到限制。然而，審計小組表示，Data Grid Inc. 的 ISMS 出現重大缺陷的風險很低，因為該公司的大部分流程都是自動化的。因此，他們透過詢問 Data Grid Inc. 的代表以下問題來評估 ISMS 整體上符合標準要求：
*如何定義和指派 IT 和 IT 控制的職責？
*Data Grid Inc. 如何評估控制措施是否達到了預期效果？
*Data Grid Inc. 採取了哪些控制措施來保護操作環境和資料免受惡意軟體的侵害？
*是否實施了與防火牆相關的控制？
Data Grid Inc. 的代表提供了充分且適當的證據來解決所有這些問題。
審計組長起草審計結論並向Data Grid Inc. 的最高管理階層報告。
儘管審核員推薦Data Grid Inc.進行認證，但Data Grid Inc.與認證機構之間在審核目標方面產生了誤解。 Data Grid Inc. 表示，儘管審計目標包括確定潛在改進的領域，但審計團隊並未提供此類資訊。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
哪種類型的審計風險被審計團隊定義為「低*」？
- A. 檢測
- B. 控制
- C. 固有的
正解：B
解説：
The audit team stated that the risk of a significant defect occurring in Data Grid Inc.'s ISMS was low. This refers to "Control Risk," which is the risk that a misstatement could occur in any relevant assertion related to an ISMS and that the risk could not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the organization's internal control systems.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 167
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊領導，為審核員提供培訓指導。她問您為什麼制定與不合格品分級相關的具體標準很重要。
下列哪一項答案是正確的？
- A. 因為評分標準的建立和實施顯示了對糾正措施流程的高度承諾
- B. 因為分級標準為評估整個組織的不合格項提供了共同基礎
- C. 因為評分標準將確保所有審核員以完全相同的方式對不合格項進行評分
- D. 因為 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 要求它
正解：B
解説：
The correct response is A, because grading criteria provide a common basis for the evaluation of nonconformities across the organization. Grading criteria are the rules or standards that define the severity or impact of nonconformities, and help to determine the appropriate corrective actions and follow-up activities.
Grading criteria are important for several reasons, such as:
* They ensure consistency and objectivity in the assessment and reporting of nonconformities, and avoid subjective or arbitrary judgments.
* They facilitate the communication and understanding of nonconformities among the auditors, the auditees, and the audit clients, and enable the comparison and benchmarking of nonconformities across different processes, functions, or locations.
* They support the prioritization and allocation of resources for the resolution of nonconformities, and the monitoring and measurement of the effectiveness of the corrective actions.
* They demonstrate the commitment and accountability of the organization to the continual improvement of the ISMS, and the compliance with the ISMS requirements and expectations.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements1
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor2
* ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor - PECB3
* ISO 27001:2022 certified ISMS lead auditor - Jisc4
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Transition Training Course5
* ISO 27001 - Information Security Lead Auditor Course - PwC Training Academy
* ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 168
起草審核結論後，審核組長的工作文件由認證機構選定的另一位審核員進行審核。這是可以接受的嗎？
- A. 是的，審核組長的工作文件在得出審核結論後必須由另一位審核員審核
- B. 不，只有審核組長審核每位審核員的工作文件
- C. 不可以，在得出審核結論前必須檢討審核組組長的工作
正解：A
解説：
Yes, it is acceptable for the work documents of the audit team leader to be reviewed by another auditor after reaching audit conclusions. This is part of the quality control and assurance processes within the audit to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the audit conclusions.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 169
管理審核計畫的個人負責下列哪六項行動？
- A. 建立審核計劃
- B. 定義單獨審核的目標、範圍和標準
- C. 確定審核計劃的範圍
- D. 選擇審核團隊
- E. 保留審核結果的記錄資訊
- F. 定義單獨審核的計劃
- G. 確定審核計畫所需的資源
- H. 審核期間與受審核方的溝通
正解：A、B、C、D、E、F
解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, an audit programme is a set of one or more audits planned for a specific time frame and directed towards a specific purpose1. The individual(s) managing the audit programme are responsible for establishing, implementing and maintaining the audit programme in accordance with the organization's policies and objectives1. This includes defining the extent of the audit programme based on strategic direction, risks and opportunities; establishing the audit programme by defining its objectives, scope and criteria; determining the resources necessary for the audit programme; selecting competent auditors and assigning them to appropriate audits; defining the objectives, scope and criteria for each individual audit; defining the plan of each individual audit; retaining documented information of the audit results; reviewing and improving the performance of the audit programme1. Therefore, these six actions are part of the responsibilities of the individual(s) managing the audit programme. The other option, communicating with the auditee during the audit, is not a responsibility of the individual(s) managing the audit programme, but rather a responsibility of the audit team leader1. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 170
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核員，在一家提供 ICT 回收服務的組織中進行第三方監督審核。公司不再需要的ICT設備由組織處理。它要么被重新調試並重複使用，要么被安全銷毀。
您注意到房間角落的長凳上有兩台伺服器。兩者都貼有伺服器名稱、IP 位址和管理員密碼的貼圖。您向 ICT 經理詢問這些物品，他告訴您這些物品是昨天從一位老客戶那裡收到的一批貨物的一部分。
您應該採取哪一項行動？
- A. 針對控制措施 8.20「網路安全」提出不符合項（應保護、管理和控製網路和網路設備，以保護系統和應用程式中的資訊）
- B. 請 ICT 經理記錄資訊安全事件並啟動資訊安全事件管理流程
- C. 請受審核方移除標籤，然後繼續審核
- D. 記錄您在審核結果中看到的內容，但不採取進一步行動
- E. 針對控制措施 5.31「法律、法規、監管和合約要求」提出不符合項
- F. 記下審核結果並檢查處理與客戶 IT 安全相關的進貨的流程
正解：F
質問 # 171
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