2025年最新の有効なISO-45001-Lead-Auditor試験最新問題で2025年最新の学習ガイド
ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor認定で究極のガイド [2025年更新]
質問 # 11
Which three of the following ISO 45001 activities require the organisation to emphasise non-managerial workers' participation?
- A. Managing the internal audit programme
- B. Establishing the OHS policy
- C. Determining competence requirements
- D. Determining how to fulfil legal requirements
- E. Establishing OHS objectives
- F. Determining what needs to be communicated
- G. Determining actions to eliminate hazards
- H. Determining controls on outsourced processes
正解：B、E、G
解説：
ISO 45001 emphasizes the importance of worker participation, particularly non-managerial workers, in developing and improving the OH&S management system. Clause 5.4 outlines specific areas where their involvement is crucial.
Analysis of Options:
A : Determining competence requirements:
Incorrect. Competence requirements are primarily determined by management but may involve feedback from workers.
B : Determining how to fulfil legal requirements:
Incorrect. Management typically handles compliance with legal requirements.
C : Determining controls on outsourced processes:
Incorrect. This is a management responsibility.
D : Managing the internal audit programme:
Incorrect. Workers participate in audits, but managing the program is a management task.
E : Determining what needs to be communicated:
Incorrect. Communication strategies are usually set by management.
F : Determining actions to eliminate hazards:
Correct. Non-managerial workers' input is vital in identifying and eliminating workplace hazards (Clause 8.1.2).
G : Establishing the OHS policy:
Correct. Workers' participation in policy development ensures it is relevant and inclusive (Clause 5.2).
H: Establishing OHS objectives:
Correct. Workers' participation ensures that objectives are practical and aligned with workplace realities (Clause 6.2).
質問 # 12
Out of the following, which is not the Part of PDCA cycle of ISO 45001? Select the correct option, and then select Submit.
- A. Treatment of Risks
- B. Environment Management Program
- C. OHSMS Policy
- D. Analyzing OHSMS Performance Submit
正解：B
解説：
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is a core principle of ISO 45001 and many other management systems. It does not include environmental management, as ISO 45001 focuses on Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S), while environmental aspects are covered by ISO 14001.
Analysis of Options:
A . Treatment of Risks:
Correct. Risk assessment and control are part of the Plan phase.
B . OHSMS Policy:
Correct. The OH&S policy is established in the Plan phase.
C . Environment Management Program:
Incorrect. This is outside the scope of ISO 45001 and pertains to ISO 14001.
D . Analyzing OHSMS Performance:
Correct. Performance analysis occurs in the Check phase of the PDCA cycle.
ISO Reference:
Clause 0.3: PDCA model in ISO 45001.
質問 # 13
On behalf of a certification body, you are conducting a combined audit of Shelf-Fit. The organization designs, manufacturing install interiors for retail stores. They employ subcontractors for the installation work.
Representing the ISO 45001 audit, you ask the Purchase Manager about the identification of health and safety hazards for contractors on site. Having previously reviewed the hazards list (HZD-21/11 Rev.3), you found that various health and safety hazards were listed but not were associated with contractor working on-site.
When you ask about the use of contractors, the response is, ''We know that contractors use chemicals, such as glues, paints and vanishes. We trust them since they know more than we do about the safe handling of such issues''. The auditor made the same enquiry to an accompanying member of the health and safety team and was told that chemical safety had never been a problem with the installation process.
- A. After gathering more evidence, you note down findings against several clauses of ISO 45001. Select three options to determine which findings stated are major nonconformities.
- B. The organization failed to include its OH&S policy in contracts for installation contractors (5.2.f)
- C. No hazard assessment by Shelf-Fit were in place for installation works on customer sites. (Clause 6.1.2.2)
- D. Some safety data sheets for chemical used were missing for some of the installation contractors.(clause 8.1.4.2)
- E. The organization did not have a documented process in place to control outsourced work. (8.1.4.3)
- F. The internal audit programme does not include installation sites. The audit programme does not cover the full OHS management system (Clause 9.2.2)
- G. There was not communication between the organization and site contractors (7.4.1.c.2)
- H. Staff indicated that chemical hazards on installation sites are the same as at the factory. The hazard List does not reference this. (Clause 6.1.2.2)
- I. The purchase manager confirmed that the safe use of chemicals in installation work was left to the contractor
正解：E、G、H
解説：
Major nonconformities are raised when there is a systemic failure to meet ISO 45001 requirements that could lead to significant risks.
Analysis of Options:
B . Lack of a documented process for controlling outsourced work (8.1.4.3):
Major nonconformity. A failure to control outsourced work is a serious systemic issue.
C . Failure to include OH&S policy in contractor contracts (5.2.f):
Not a major nonconformity. While this is a nonconformity, it is procedural and not critical.
D . No hazard assessment for installation works (6.1.2.2):
Major nonconformity. A lack of hazard assessment for site-specific tasks is a serious issue.
E . Missing safety data sheets for contractor chemicals (8.1.4.2):
Not a major nonconformity. While important, this issue does not indicate systemic failure.
G . Chemical hazards on installation sites not referenced in the hazard list (6.1.2.2):
Major nonconformity. This reflects a failure in hazard identification and risk assessment.
H . Internal audit program does not cover installation sites (9.2.2):
Not a major nonconformity. This is a gap in auditing scope but does not directly endanger safety.
I . Safe use of chemicals left to contractors:
Not a major nonconformity. This could be addressed through improved contractor oversight rather than indicating systemic failure.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.4.3: Control of outsourced processes.
Clause 6.1.2.2: Hazard identification and risk assessment.
Clause 7.4.1: Communication requirements.
質問 # 14
An audit team leader arrives at a fabrication organisation that manufactures stairways to ..certification audit. At a meeting with the OHSMS Manager the audit finds that the responsibility for worker consultation and participation lies with the managerial team. Select from the options four actions by the managerial team that encourage worker consultation and participation.
- A. Conducting toolbox talks on health and safety
- B. Ignoring worker's suggestions
- C. Implementing methods tor engaging workers
- D. Promoting collaborating workers to higher positions
- E. Giving ownership of health and safety matters
- F. Appointing worker's representatives
- G. Implementing a payment scheme to reward worker's OHS performance
- H. threatening reprisals to whistleblowers
正解：A、C、E、F
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.4 of ISO 45001:2018 emphasizes the importance of worker consultation and participation in the OHS management system. It requires organizations to establish processes that ensure workers are actively involved in decision-making and implementation of OHS practices.
Analysis of Options:
A . Promoting collaborating workers to higher positions:
While promotions may boost morale, they do not directly contribute to worker consultation and participation in the OHSMS.
B . Appointing worker representatives:
This action fosters direct communication and representation of workers' interests in health and safety matters.
C . Conducting toolbox talks on health and safety:
Toolbox talks are an effective way to engage workers in discussing and addressing health and safety issues.
D . Giving ownership of health and safety matters:
Involving workers in decision-making and giving them responsibility for specific health and safety tasks encourages participation.
E . Ignoring workers' suggestions:
This undermines consultation and is contrary to ISO 45001 principles.
F . Implementing a payment scheme to reward workers' OHS performance:
While incentives can motivate safe behavior, they are not a consultation or participation mechanism as required by Clause 5.4.
G . Implementing methods for engaging workers:
This aligns directly with Clause 5.4, as effective engagement methods (e.g., surveys, focus groups) enhance participation.
H . Threatening reprisals to whistleblowers:
This violates ISO 45001 principles and discourages worker participation.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.4: Worker consultation and participation.
Clause 5.1: Leadership's responsibility to foster participation.
質問 # 15
You are conducting an ISO 45001 audit of Widgets Inc.., an organization manufacturing machine parts for the aerospace industry, You find a short entry in the incident report file connecting a machine operator who suffered minor injury to his face four weeks ago when a small ribbon of metal hit him while operating his machine.
The subsequent investigation found that he was not wearing the required protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). He was subject to disciplinary action and warned that he would lose his job if it happened again.
Select two option of points of investigation which you would consider in order to determine conformity or nonconformity with clause 10.2 of ISO 45001.
- A. Interview the operator to check if the was wearing the correct PPE.
- B. Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to a maintenance programme.
- C. Establish whether the Incident Investigation determined the root cause of the Incident
- D. Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified of the incident
- E. find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
- F. Check whether any corrective actions were taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of recurrence of the Incident.
正解：C、F
質問 # 16
You are auditing a site of Good Food Shack, a restaurant chain. In the kitchen area, you notice a half-filled open drum sitting in a pool of liquid, which is dribbling across a work are a. You ask the head Chef what is in the drum and are told it is waste the frying process. When you ask why it is kept there, You are told that it is not normally kept there, but it not a problem and says that he will arrange it to be moved to a storeroom and will give the floor a good clean.
Look around the kitchen, you observe knives and cleavers lying around on worktops, staff wearing no protective gloves and a large pot of boiling water with nobody near it. There is no evidence of any fire extinguishers of fine blankets within sight.
You decide to raise a nonconformance. Select one of the options that best describes the finding against clause 8.1.2 of ISO 45001.
- A. Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen.
- B. Measures to prevent slippage in the kitchen from waste cooking oil were not taken.
- C. Staff are at risk of serious injury while working in the kitchen.
- D. Training of the kitchen staff was not effective enough to prevent poor safety awareness in the kitchen area.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 8.1.2 of ISO 45001 pertains to Eliminating Hazards and Reducing OH&S Risks. Organizations must implement appropriate controls to manage workplace hazards effectively.
Issue Identified:
The kitchen environment at the audited site presents multiple hazards, including:
Oil spillage creating a slip hazard.
Open drums of waste material posing a chemical or hygiene hazard.
Unsecured knives and cleavers increasing the risk of cuts.
Boiling water left unattended, posing a risk of burns.
Lack of visible fire extinguishers or fire blankets, increasing fire risk.
Analysis of Options:
A . Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen.
This option accurately captures the broader failure to implement effective measures to eliminate or reduce hazards across multiple areas in the kitchen.
B . Measures to prevent slippage in the kitchen from waste cooking oil were not taken.
This is specific to one hazard (oil spillage) and does not address other significant risks observed, such as fire safety or sharp tools.
C . Staff are at risk of serious injury while working in the kitchen.
While true, this is more of a general observation and does not address the root cause of the hazards or the failure of controls.
D . Training of the kitchen staff was not effective enough to prevent poor safety awareness in the kitchen area.
Although training deficiencies may contribute to the issue, this option does not reflect the overarching systemic failure to manage hazards effectively.
Best Description of the Nonconformance:
Failure to reduce risks associated with working in the kitchen (Option A) is the most comprehensive finding, reflecting the organization's lack of adequate controls to mitigate hazards.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.2: Organizations must establish controls to eliminate or minimize OH&S risks systematically.
Clause 7.2: Ensuring competency through training is important but must be coupled with hazard control measures.
質問 # 17
You identify that the OSHMS manager conducts a safety inspection of the building each day before the museum opens to the public. You review your latest report and note that there seems to be some confusion between what constitutes a hazard and what constitutes a risk.
Which three of the following observations has the OHSMS manager correctly rated?
- A. There is a water leak next to the electric heater in the admissions area (Danger)
- B. The fire extinguishers in the Natural World area have not been serviced in the last five years [Risk)
- C. The carpet on the main staircase is peeling off (Risk)
- D. The head of the dinosaur suspended over the main hall has become detached from the rest of the skeleton (Risk)
- E. There Is a high possibility of unfit food being sold due to the failure of the oven temperature indicator In the visitors' restaurant (Hazard)
- F. The emergency light In the gift shop did not work when checked (Risk)
- G. The non-slip mats have been removed from the restaurant (Risk)
- H. Conference room emergency sign directs people to an exit that is no longer available for use (Hazard)
正解：B、C、F
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Hazard: A potential source of harm or adverse health effects.
Risk: The likelihood of harm occurring as a result of the hazard.
Danger: An immediate threat that requires urgent action.
Analysis of Options:
A . Conference room emergency sign directs people to an exit that is no longer available for use (Hazard):
Correctly identified as a hazard since it poses a potential risk during emergencies.
B . The carpet on the main staircase is peeling off (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a source of potential harm.
C . The emergency light in the gift shop did not work when checked (Risk):
This is a hazard because it is a condition that could lead to a risk during emergencies.
D . The fire extinguishers in the Natural World area have not been serviced in the last five years (Risk):
Correctly identified as a risk because the likelihood of fire-related harm increases without proper servicing.
E . The head of the dinosaur suspended over the main hall has become detached from the rest of the skeleton (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk, as it represents a potential source of harm.
F . The non-slip mats have been removed from the restaurant (Risk):
This is a hazard, not a risk.
G . There is a high possibility of unfit food being sold due to the failure of the oven temperature indicator in the visitors' restaurant (Hazard):
This is a risk because it specifies the likelihood of harm occurring (selling unfit food).
H . There is a water leak next to the electric heater in the admissions area (Danger):
Correctly identified as a danger because it represents an immediate and critical threat.
ISO Reference:
Clause 6.1.2: Hazard identification and assessment of risks and opportunities.
質問 # 18
ISO 45001 requires the organisation to retain OHSMS documented information. From the following list of documented information, which four examples must be retained by the organisation?
- A. The relevant requirements of workers
- B. OH&$ Policy
- C. Risks and opportunities
- D. Results of compliance evaluation
- E. Assigned responsibilities and authorities
- F. Workers' current level of competency
- G. Effectiveness of corrective actions
- H. Results of management review
正解：B、D、G、H
解説：
Analysis of Options:
A . Results of management review:
Correct. Clause 9.3 requires retention of management review results as documented information.
B . Risks and opportunities:
Incorrect. Risks and opportunities must be considered and managed, but retaining this as documented information is not mandatory.
C . Results of compliance evaluation:
Correct. Clause 9.1.2 requires retention of compliance evaluation results.
D . Workers' current level of competency:
Incorrect. Competency must be ensured, but retaining specific competency records is not explicitly required.
E . Assigned responsibilities and authorities:
Incorrect. These must be defined and communicated but are not required to be retained as documented information.
F . The relevant requirements of workers:
Incorrect. Relevant worker requirements must be considered but not retained as documented information.
G . Effectiveness of corrective actions:
Correct. Clause 10.2 requires retention of evidence of corrective actions taken.
H . OH&S Policy:
Correct. Clause 5.2 requires the OH&S policy to be maintained as documented information.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.2: OH&S policy.
Clause 9.1.2: Compliance evaluation.
Clause 9.3: Management review.
Clause 10.2: Corrective actions.
質問 # 19
Which two of the following are examples of audit objectives for the audit team?
- A. To implement any necessary corrective action.
- B. To improve overall health and safety performance.
- C. To reduce instances of injury and ill health.
- D. To complete the audit on time.
- E. To minimise risk resulting from the audit process.
正解：D、E
解説：
Audit objectives for the audit team focus on ensuring the audit process is executed effectively, efficiently, and without causing undue disruption to the organization being audited. ISO 19011:2018 provides guidance on setting audit objectives.
Analysis of Options:
A . To reduce instances of injury and ill health:
Incorrect. This is an objective of the OH&S management system, not of the audit itself.
B . To minimise risk resulting from the audit process:
Correct. ISO 19011 emphasizes managing risks to the auditee and the audit process during audits (Clause 5.4).
C . To improve overall health and safety performance:
Incorrect. Improving health and safety performance is an outcome of the OH&S management system, not the audit team's objective.
D . To complete the audit on time:
Correct. Ensuring timely completion of the audit aligns with effective audit management.
E . To implement any necessary corrective action:
Incorrect. Implementing corrective actions is the auditee's responsibility, not the audit team's.
Reference:
ISO 45001:2018:
Clause 5.4: Worker consultation and participation.
Clause 6.2: OH&S objectives and planning.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls and worker involvement.
ISO 19011:2018: Guidelines for auditing management systems.
質問 # 20
A well-known fast-food organisation (ISO 45001 certified) contracts young people to deliver orders; last week one of them died in a street accident riding for the first time a new motorbike provided by the organisation. You will lead the recertification audit in two weeks, and you plan to prepare a checklist to investigate this incident. The following are potential questions you might ask; match them to the related ISO 45001 clause/subclause.
正解：
解説：
質問 # 21
During an internal audit of an OHSMS, what evidence would the auditor look for to demonstrate conformity to ISO 45001? Match each item with the correct ISO 45001 clause number.
正解：
解説：
Reference:
Clause 4.1: Understanding the organization and its context.
Clause 6.1.2.2: Assessment of risks and opportunities related to OH&S.
Clause 6.1.3: Compliance obligations.
Clause 8.1.4.2: Control of external providers.
質問 # 22
When calculating an ISO 45001 third party initial audit duration, which two of the following statements are false?
- A. Think about the complexity of the organization's business
- B. Include outsourced processes
- C. Consider the number of sites to be sampled
- D. Consider the number of functions related to OHS management
- E. Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location
- F. Include the time allocated for lunch breaks
正解：E、F
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Analysis of Each Option:
A . Consider the number of functions related to OHS management.
True.
The number of functions related to OHS management directly impacts the audit duration. More functions require additional time for the auditor to review documentation, processes, and implementation across those areas.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1 (factors affecting audit time).
B . Consider the number of sites to be sampled.
True.
For multi-site organizations, the number of sites to be sampled is critical in calculating audit duration. Sampling requirements are determined using guidelines such as IAF MD 1:2022 and depend on the complexity, size, and risks associated with each site.
Reference: IAF MD 1:2022, Clause 4.2.
C . Include outsourced processes.
True.
Outsourced processes that affect the OHS management system must be evaluated as part of the audit. This includes reviewing the organization's control over such processes. Auditing these aspects impacts the audit duration.
Reference: ISO 45001:2018, Clause 8.1.4 and IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
D . Include the time allocated for lunch breaks.
False.
Lunch breaks are not considered part of the audit duration as they do not contribute to the assessment of the management system. Audit time calculations exclude non-working hours, including breaks.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
E . Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location.
False.
Travel time is excluded when calculating the audit duration. While travel logistics are considered in audit planning, they do not count towards the total audit time.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
F . Think about the complexity of the organization's business.
True.
The complexity of the organization's business, including the nature of hazards, risks, and legal obligations, significantly affects the audit duration. More complex operations typically require longer audit times.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
Key ISO and IAF Reference:
ISO 45001:2018: Clause 9.2.2 (Audit Program).
IAF MD 5:2020: "Determination of Audit Time of Quality and Environmental Management Systems." IAF MD 1:2022: "Audit and Certification of Multiple Sites Based on Sampling."
質問 # 23
You are an audit team leader conducting an ISO 45001 surveillance audit of a nautical college that provides course for those working in the maritime sector. The College Principle Is absent, and you are interviewing the Deputy (DP) DP: 1 apologise for the absence of the College Principle. He has called in sick today and we are really short of staff.
You: 1 see, it really should not affect the OHSMS so the audit can progress as normal.
DP: The College principle set up the system. I am afraidi am not as familiar with it as he is.
You: OK, let's start with the OH and S policy. What are the main issues for the OHSMS here?
DP: Give me a minute. I need look at the OH and S Policy on the noticeboard in his office.
As the audit progresses, It is clear that the Deputy College Principle has a very low knowledge of the OHSMS. He continually has to search the answers to your questions or asks staff members about their processes.
Choose one of the following options that best describes the basis for the nonconformity.
- A. As a member of the management team, the Deputy College Principal Is not aware of the OHSMS policy.
- B. OHSS improvement is riot possible due to the lack of awareness of the OHSMS.
- C. The OH and S Polity only exists -:s -i document in the Collegeprinciple office.
- D. The Deputy College Principal is not competent to manage the CM ISMS.
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.1 of ISO 45001:2018 requires top management to demonstrate leadership and commitment to the OH&S management system. This includes awareness of the OH&S policy and its objectives.
Analysis of Options:
A . As a member of the management team, the Deputy College Principal is not aware of the OHSMS policy:
Correct. A lack of awareness of the policy reflects poor leadership commitment, which violates Clause 5.1.
B . OH&S improvement is not possible due to the lack of awareness of the OHSMS:
Incorrect. While improvement may be hindered, this is not the main issue in this scenario.
C . The Deputy College Principal is not competent to manage the OHSMS:
Incorrect. The Deputy's competence to manage the OHSMS is not in question; the issue is their lack of awareness of key elements.
D . The OH&S policy only exists as a document in the College Principal's office:
Incorrect. The policy may be accessible but not effectively communicated or understood by management.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.1: Leadership and commitment.
Clause 5.2: OH&S policy.
質問 # 24
An adventure park has the following and safety policy document displayed in the reception area:
This organization is committed to providing safe experiences, In accordance with health and safety regulations for their delivery. The organisation will strive to increase the health and safety awareness of its personal, contracts and customers. Continual health and safety improvement is a permanent objective of the organisation. This policy shall be communicated to all interested parties.
Referring to the policy statement, select three options for which the organization is meeting ISO 45001 requirements.
- A. The organisation meets oil statutory requirements.
- B. The organisation is committed to continual health and safety improvement.
- C. The organization has a good reputation for safe experiences.
- D. The management is committed to health and safety improvement.
- E. The organisation uses contractors committed to health and safety.
- F. The organisation satisfies Its customers' health and safety requirement.
- G. The organisation's processes deliver the Intended Improvement to health and safety.
- H. The organization intends to communicate its policy to external parties.
- I. The management Is committed to health and safety Improvement.
正解：B、H、I
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.2 of ISO 45001:2018 outlines requirements for the OH&S policy, emphasizing commitment to continual improvement, compliance with legal requirements, and communication of the policy to interested parties.
Analysis of Options:
A . The management is committed to health and safety improvement:
Correct. The policy explicitly states the organization's commitment to improvement, meeting Clause 5.2 requirements.
C . The organization has a good reputation for safe experiences:
Not relevant to ISO 45001 requirements; reputation is not a policy criterion.
D . The organization intends to communicate its policy to external parties:
Correct. Clause 5.2 requires the policy to be communicated to interested parties.
E . The organization is committed to continual health and safety improvement:
Correct. This directly aligns with Clause 5.2, which mandates continual improvement.
F . The organization meets all statutory requirements:
The policy does not explicitly state compliance with legal requirements, even though this is implied.
G . The organization satisfies its customers' health and safety requirements:
The policy does not specifically address customer requirements.
H . The organization uses contractors committed to health and safety:
Not stated in the policy.
I . The organization's processes deliver the intended improvement to health and safety:
This is not evident from the policy statement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.2: OH&S policy.
質問 # 25
You have been assigned by the audit team leader to evaluate the process of complying with application legislation.
Which three of the following statements about the evaluation of compliance are true?
- A. The organisation is required to establish a process for evaluating compliance
- B. The organization must evaluate its compliance status at least once a year
- C. The organisation is required to evaluate its compliance status with OH&S legal and other requirements
- D. If the organisation is falling to address a legal requirement relating to another discipline e.g. Environmental management, this cannot be raised In the audit.
- E. The organisation cannot outsource its process for evaluating compliance.
- F. Every member of an audit team must have a detailed understanding of the legal requirements for the sector and type of organisation they are auditing.
- G. A management review is required in all instances where one or more legal requirements are not being met.
- H. 'Other requirements' include requirements that the organisation has chosen to comply with.
正解：A、C、H
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 9.1.2 of ISO 45001:2018 outlines the need for organizations to evaluate compliance with applicable legal and other requirements as part of their OH&S management system.
Analysis of Options:
A :The organization must evaluate its compliance status at least once a year:
The standard does not prescribe a specific frequency but states that evaluations must be conducted at planned intervals.
B :'Other requirements' include requirements that the organization has chosen to comply with:
Correct. Other requirements may include voluntary standards, industry codes, or contractual obligations.
C :A management review is required in all instances where one or more legal requirements are not being met:
This is not true. Management reviews address compliance but are not mandated for every noncompliance.
D :Every member of an audit team must have a detailed understanding of the legal requirements for the sector and type of organization they are auditing:
Not true. Auditors must have general competency but can rely on subject-matter experts for legal specifics.
E :If the organization is failing to address a legal requirement relating to another discipline (e.g., Environmental management), this cannot be raised in the audit:
Not true. If the legal noncompliance impacts OH&S, it can be raised.
F :The organization cannot outsource its process for evaluating compliance:
The organization can outsource evaluation but retains accountability.
G:The organization is required to establish a process for evaluating compliance:
Correct. Clause 9.1.2 requires a process for compliance evaluation.
H :The organization is required to evaluate its compliance status with OH&S legal and other requirements:
Correct. Clause 9.1.2 explicitly states this requirement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 9.1.2: Evaluation of compliance.
Clause 7.5: Documented information requirements
質問 # 26
You are conducting an ISO 45001 audit of Widgets Inc.., an organization manufacturing machine parts for the aerospace industry, You find a short entry in the incident report file connecting a machine operator who suffered minor injury to his face four weeks ago when a small ribbon of metal hit him while operating his machine.
The subsequent investigation found that he was not wearing the required protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). He was subject to disciplinary action and warned that he would lose his job if it happened again.
Select two option of points of investigation which you would consider in order to determine conformity or nonconformity with clause 10.2 of ISO 45001.
- A. Interview the operator to check if the was wearing the correct PPE.
- B. Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to a maintenance programme.
- C. Establish whether the Incident Investigation determined the root cause of the Incident
- D. Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified of the incident
- E. find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
- F. Check whether any corrective actions were taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of recurrence of the Incident.
正解：C、F
解説：
Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001 requires organizations to investigate incidents, determine root causes, and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
Analysis of Options:
A . Check whether corrective actions were taken.
This directly relates to the requirement to implement corrective actions to address the identified risks and hazards. Failure to do so would indicate nonconformity.
B . Determine whether the Health and Safety Authority was notified.
Notification is a legal requirement in certain jurisdictions, but it is not explicitly required under ISO 45001 unless the legal context demands it.
C . Establish whether the root cause was determined.
Root cause analysis is fundamental for effective corrective action. Without this, corrective measures may not address the underlying problem.
D . Find out when the operator's machine was last subject to maintenance.
While maintenance is important, it does not directly address the incident's nonconformity.
E . Find out whether the operator was sent to the hospital.
Sending the operator to the hospital is a reactive step and not relevant to compliance with Clause 10.2.
F . Interview the operator about PPE usage.
This is relevant but insufficient for determining compliance with Clause 10.2.
ISO Reference:
Clause 10.2: Investigation of incidents, determination of causes, and implementation of corrective actions.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls and risk reduction.
質問 # 27
What does ISO 45001 say are the hazards that have to be considered when planning a health and safety management system? Select the ONE best answer.
- A. Work activities, workplace design, and human factors such as hours of work and bullying and harassment
- B. Hot-work, working at height, enclosed space entry, and work on electrical equipment
- C. Work activities where there is the possibility of danger
- D. Work hazards and environmental factors such as bad weather
正解：A
解説：
ISO 45001:2018 requires a holistic approach to occupational health and safety. This means considering all aspects that could impact worker well-being, not just obvious physical hazards. The correct answer encompasses work activities (the tasks themselves), workplace design (the physical environment), and human factors (psychological and social aspects like working hours and harassment). It's the most comprehensive and aligned with the standard's philosophy ISO 45001:2018, Clause 6.1.2, outlines requirements for hazard identification. Hazards to consider include work activities, workplace design, human factors, and social factors that may impact OH&S. These go beyond traditional physical risks and include psychosocial and organizational hazards.
Analysis of Options:
A . Work activities, workplace design, and human factors such as hours of work and bullying and harassment:
Correct. This comprehensively addresses hazard categories outlined in ISO 45001, Clause 6.1.2.
B . Work activities where there is the possibility of danger:
Too general. ISO 45001 includes broader categories of hazards, including those related to organizational and social factors.
C . Hot-work, working at height, enclosed space entry, and work on electrical equipment:
Too narrow. These are specific hazards but do not encompass the full range outlined in ISO 45001.
D . Work hazards and environmental factors such as bad weather:
Incomplete. While environmental factors are relevant, ISO 45001 also includes workplace design, human factors, and psychosocial hazards.
ISO Reference:
Clause 6.1.2.1: Hazard identification.
Annex A.6.1.2: Examples of hazard categories, including workplace design and human factors.
質問 # 28
During a second-party audit at a sawmill, you find that the OHSMS Manager conducted the hazard identification process. In the risk assessment report, hazards were listed as physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards and psychosocial hazards, with the hazards categories as low medium and high to be addressed. The OHSMS Manager did not have an action plan for low and medium risks, saying that they ignored those He stated that they brought in a health and safety consultant to advise on treatment for the high risks.
When interviewing the OHSMS Manager, the auditor presents a nonconformity relating to potential hazards In the factory If the dust extraction system broke down. The OHSMS Manager said that. If that happened, the agreed planned action is that workers would put masks on.
Select one of the options for how the auditor should respond to this statement.
- A. Ask the OH5MS Manager to confirm that this action meets regulatory requirements for air purity.
- B. Seek evidence that the response action is both Implemented and effective.
- C. Suggest that they should increase their maintenance checks.
- D. Advise that the factory should cease its operations It the dust extraction equipment malfunctioned.
正解：B
解説：
The auditor should assess whether the organization's planned action (using masks in case of dust extraction failure) is both implemented and effective. This aligns with ISO 45001 requirements to ensure that control measures are functional and meet the intended objectives.
Clause 8.1.2 (Hierarchy of Controls):
The use of PPE, such as masks, is considered a last resort in the hierarchy of controls. The organization must demonstrate that the measure is:
Implemented (e.g., PPE is available and workers are trained to use it).
Effective (e.g., masks provide adequate protection against dust).
Analysis of Options:
A . Advise that the factory should cease operations if the dust extraction equipment malfunctioned.
While ceasing operations may be a necessary control in extreme situations, it is not a practical or realistic recommendation unless a high-risk scenario cannot be otherwise managed.
B . Ask the OHSMS Manager to confirm regulatory compliance.
Regulatory compliance is important but does not fully address the requirement to ensure the action is effective.
C . Seek evidence that the response action is both implemented and effective.
This is the most appropriate response. The auditor must verify implementation and effectiveness to determine conformity.
D . Suggest increasing maintenance checks.
Maintenance is important for preventing equipment breakdowns, but this option does not address the immediate audit finding about the adequacy of response actions.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.2: Emphasizes applying the hierarchy of controls effectively.
Clause 9.1.1: Requires monitoring and measuring controls to ensure effectiveness.
質問 # 29
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