[2024年12月] 無料お試しFortinet NSE7_NST-7.2問題集PDFは必ずベストの問題集オプションを使おう
NSE7_NST-7.2試験資料Fortinet学習ガイド
Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 14 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
- B. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.
- C. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
- D. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
正解：A、D
解説：
* Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.
* DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.
References:
* Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 15 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude from the RTT value?
- A. Its value is incremented with each packet lost.
- B. lts initial value is statically set to 10.
- C. It determines which FortiGuard server is used for license validation.
- D. Its value represents the time it takes to receive a response after a rating request is sent to a particular server.
正解：D
解説：
* RTT (Round Trip Time):
* RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.
* This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web
* filtering and antivirus updates.
* Server Selection:
* The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.
* This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 16 
Refer to the exhibits, which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network.
If the priority on route ID _ were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session?
- A. The session would remain in the session table, and its traffic would egress from port2.
- B. The session would remain in the session table, but its trafficwould now egress from both port1.andport2.
- C. The session would remain in the session table, and itstraffic would egress from port1.
- D. The session would be deleted, and the client would need to start a new session.
正解：A
解説：
The exhibits show the configuration of static routes and a session table entry for an active session. The static routes are configured with different priorities:
* Route throughport1with a gateway of10.200.1.254and priority5.
* Route throughport2with a gateway of10.200.2.254and priority10.
If the priority of the route throughport2is changed from10to0, this route will become more preferred than the route throughport1because lower priority values indicate higher preference. As a result, the traffic for the existing session will switch to using the more preferred route:
* The session would remain active in the session table, as FortiGate does not immediately clear sessions upon route changes unless explicitly configured to do so.
* The traffic for the session would then start egressing fromport2, which now has the higher priority route due to its lower priority value.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Routing Configuration
* Fortinet Community on Session Handling
質問 # 17
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?
- A. Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.
- B. The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.
- C. The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.
- D. The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.
正解：A
解説：
* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA
質問 # 18
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
- B. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- C. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
- D. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
正解：D
解説：
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
質問 # 19
Refer to the exhibit. whichcontains the output of diagnose vpn tunnellist.
Which command will capture ESP traffic for the VPN named DialUp_0?
- A. diagnose sniffer packet any 'esp and host 10*200.3.2'
- B. diagnose sniffer packet any 'ip proto 50'
- C. diagnose sniffer packet any 'port 4500'
- D. diagnose sniffer packet any 'host10.0.10.10'
正解：A
解説：
* Capturing ESP Traffic:
* ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.
* In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is
10.200.3.2as indicated in the exhibit.
* Sniffer Command:
* The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN namedDialUp_0is:
diagnose sniffer packet any 'espandhost10.200.3.2'
* This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 20
Refer to the exhibit,which shows the output of a diagnose command
What two conclusions can you draw from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
- A. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.200.1.1.
- B. This is an expected session created by the IPS engine.
- C. Traffic in the original direction (coming from the IP address 10.171.121.38) will be routed to the next-hop IP address 10.0.1.10.
- D. This is a pinhole session created to allow traffic for a protocol that requires additional sessions to operate through FortiGate.
正解：C、D
解説：
* Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.
* Routing Decision:
* The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.
* The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.
* Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.
* Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(ebin.pub).
* General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 21
There are four exchanges during IKEv2 negotiation.
Which sequence is correct?
- A. IKE_SAJNIT, IKE_Auth, Create_CHILD_SA and Informational
- B. lnit_Req, Wait_lnit_Req,ID_Auth_Req and Create_CHILD_SA
- C. IKE_Proposal,ID_Auth, PiggyBack_CHILD and Informational
- D. INIT_Re, INIT_Auth,ID_Child and SET_Nonce
正解：A
解説：
* IKE_SA_INIT:
* This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.
* IKE_Auth:
* The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.
* Create_CHILD_SA:
* This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.
* Informational:
* This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.
References:
* Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting
* Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts
質問 # 22
Which two statements about conserve mode are true? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiGate starts taking the configured action for new sessions requiring content inspection when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
- B. FortiGate starts dropping all new sessions when the system memory reaches the configured red threshold.
- C. FortiGate exits conserve mode when the system memory goes below the configured green threshold
- D. FortiGate enters conserve mode when the system memory reaches the configured extreme threshold.
正解：B、C
解説：
* Conserve Mode Activation:
* FortiGate enters conserve mode to prevent system crashes when the memory usage reaches critical levels. The "red threshold" is the point at which FortiGate starts dropping new sessions to conserve memory.
* When the system memory usage exceeds this threshold, the FortiGate will block new sessions that require significant memory resources, such as those needing content inspection.
* Exiting Conserve Mode:
* The "green threshold" is the memory usage level below which FortiGate exits conserve mode and resumes normal operation.
* Once the system memory usage drops below this threshold, FortiGate will start allowing new sessions again.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding conserve mode and its thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Memory conserve mode and thresholds(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 23 
If the default settings are in place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?
- A. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection but is not performing inspection on those sessions.
- B. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection.
- C. FortiGate is currently blocking new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection.
- D. FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.
正解：C
解説：
* Conserve Mode Overview:Conserve mode is a state that FortiGate enters to protect itself from running out of memory. It is triggered when the memory usage reaches certain thresholds.
* Thresholds:The default settings for conserve mode thresholds are:
* Red Threshold:88% memory usage.
* Extreme Threshold:95% memory usage.
* Green Threshold:82% memory usage.
* Impact on Sessions:When in conserve mode:
* New sessions requiring flow-based content inspection are blocked.
* New sessions requiring proxy-based content inspection are also blocked to free up memory resources.
* Current Memory State in Exhibit:The exhibit shows:
* Total RAM: 3040 MB.
* Memory used: 2706 MB (89% of total RAM).
* Memory usage exceeds the red threshold (88%), thus triggering conserve mode.
Given that the memory usage is above the red threshold and conserve mode is active, the FortiGate will block new sessions requiring both flow-based and proxy-based content inspection to conserve memory.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of Conserve Mode and Its Impact(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Conserve Mode Settings and Management(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 24
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A. proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
- B. proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
- C. proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
- D. proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
正解：B
解説：
* Understanding protocol states:
* proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
* proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
* proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
* proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
* Explanation of correct answer:
* proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
質問 # 25
Refer to the exhibit, which shows two entries that were generated in the FSSO collector agent logs.
What three conclusions can you draw from these log entries? (Choose three.)
- A. DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name.
- B. Remote registry is not running on the workstation.
- C. A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445.
- D. The FortiGate firmware version is not compatible with that of the collector agent
- E. The user's status shows as "not verified" in the collector agent
正解：A、B、C
解説：
The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.
* Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry
* can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.
* DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.
* A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues
質問 # 26
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- B. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
- C. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
- D. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
正解：A、C
解説：
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 27
Which three common FortiGate-to-collector-agent connectivity issues can you identifyusing the FSSO real-time debug?(Choose three.)
- A. Log is full on the collector agent.
- B. Refused connection. Potential mismatch of TCP port.
- C. Incompatible collector agent software version.
- D. Mismatched pre-shared password.
- E. Inability to reach IP address of the collector agent.
正解：B、D、E
解説：
* Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.
* Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.
* Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
質問 # 28
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. They each use their own IP protocol number.
- B. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
- C. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
- D. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
正解：C
解説：
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 29
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
- B. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
- C. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
- D. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- E. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
正解：B、C、E
解説：
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
質問 # 30
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