[2024年10月] 更新されたのはFortinet NSE7_NST-7.2問題集PDFオンラインエンジン
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Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 20 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.
- B. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
- C. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
- D. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
正解：C、D
解説：
* Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.
* DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.
References:
* Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 21
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info ospf neighbor.
What can you conclude from the command output?
- A. The local FortiGate Is not a DROther.
- B. The local FortiGate is the BDR.
- C. All neighbors are in area 0.0.0.0.
- D. The network type connectingthe local Fortigate and OSPF neighbor 0.0.0.10 is point-to-point.
正解：A
解説：
* Understanding OSPF Roles:
* In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), routers can have different roles: Designated Router (DR), Backup Designated Router (BDR), and DROther. These roles help manage and optimize the OSPF network traffic.
* DR and BDR are elected to minimize the number of adjacencies and reduce the amount of routing information exchange.
* DROther routers are neither DR nor BDR but can still participate in the OSPF network by maintaining adjacencies with DR and BDR.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows the OSPF neighbor states for the local FortiGate.
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.1 is in the state Full/DR (Designated Router).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.3 is in the state Full/DROther (DROther).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.10 has no specific designation, implying it is neither DR nor BDR.
* Conclusion:
* Since the local FortiGate shows neighbors in Full/DR and Full/DROther states and itself does not have a state of DROther, it can be concluded that the local FortiGate is not a DROther.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding OSPF roles and states(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(cyruslab).
* Fortinet Documentation: OSPF neighbor states and elections(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 22
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- B. Anti-replay is enabled.
- C. The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- D. DPD is disabled.
正解：B、C
解説：
* Remote Gateway IP:
* The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
* Quick Mode Selectors:
* The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
* DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
* DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
* Anti-replay:
* The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
質問 # 23
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains partial output from an IKE real-time debug.
The administrator does not have access to the remote gateway.
Based on the debug output, which configuration change can the administrator make to the local gateway to resolve the phase 1 negotiation error?
- A. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES256-SHA256 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- B. In the phase 1 network configuration, set the IKE version to 2.
- C. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AESCBC-SHA2 to the list of encryption algorithms.
- D. In the phase 1 proposal configuration, add AES128-SHA128 to the list of encryption algorithms.
正解：A
解説：
* Analyzing Debug Output:
* The debug output shows multiple proposals with encryption algorithms likeAES CBCand hashing algorithms likeSHA256.
* The negotiation failure (no SA proposal chosen) suggests that there is a mismatch in the encryption or hashing algorithms between the local and remote gateways.
* Configuration Change:
* To resolve the phase 1 negotiation error, the local gateway needs to include a compatible proposal.
* AddingAES256-SHA256to the phase 1 proposal configuration ensures that both gateways have a matching set of encryption and hashing algorithms.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring IPsec Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IKE Negotiation Failures(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
質問 # 24
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
- B. They each use their own IP protocol number.
- C. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
- D. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
正解：C
解説：
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 25
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
- B. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
- C. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
- D. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
正解：A
解説：
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
質問 # 26 
If the default settings are in place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?
- A. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection.
- B. FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.
- C. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection but is not performing inspection on those sessions.
- D. FortiGate is currently blocking new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection.
正解：D
解説：
* Conserve Mode Overview:Conserve mode is a state that FortiGate enters to protect itself from running out of memory. It is triggered when the memory usage reaches certain thresholds.
* Thresholds:The default settings for conserve mode thresholds are:
* Red Threshold:88% memory usage.
* Extreme Threshold:95% memory usage.
* Green Threshold:82% memory usage.
* Impact on Sessions:When in conserve mode:
* New sessions requiring flow-based content inspection are blocked.
* New sessions requiring proxy-based content inspection are also blocked to free up memory resources.
* Current Memory State in Exhibit:The exhibit shows:
* Total RAM: 3040 MB.
* Memory used: 2706 MB (89% of total RAM).
* Memory usage exceeds the red threshold (88%), thus triggering conserve mode.
Given that the memory usage is above the red threshold and conserve mode is active, the FortiGate will block new sessions requiring both flow-based and proxy-based content inspection to conserve memory.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of Conserve Mode and Its Impact(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Conserve Mode Settings and Management(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 27
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
- B. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- C. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
- D. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
正解：B、D
解説：
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
質問 # 28
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of diagnose npu np6 port-list on a FortiGate1500D.
An administrator is unable to analyze traffic flowing between port1 and port7 using the diagnose sniffer command.
Which two commands allow the administrator to view the traffic? (Choose two.)
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
正解：B、C
解説：
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:
* Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor.
This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).
* Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:
* Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.
* Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
質問 # 29
Refer to the exhibit, which shows two entries that were generated in the FSSO collector agent logs.
What three conclusions can you draw from these log entries? (Choose three.)
- A. The user's status shows as "not verified" in the collector agent
- B. The FortiGate firmware version is not compatible with that of the collector agent
- C. DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name.
- D. Remote registry is not running on the workstation.
- E. A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445.
正解：C、D、E
解説：
The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.
* Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry
* can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.
* DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.
* A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting
* Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues
質問 # 30
What is the diagnosetest applicationipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
- B. To enable IPS bypass mode
- C. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- D. To disable the IPS engine
正解：C
解説：
The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
* Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
* This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
質問 # 31
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session table entry.
Which statement about FortiGate behavior relating to this session is true?
- A. FortiGate applied only IPS inspection to this session.
- B. FortiGate redirected the client to the captive portal to authenticate, so that a correct policy match could be made.
- C. FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
- D. FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
正解：D
解説：
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
* The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
* Thenpd_state=00000000suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
* The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
質問 # 32 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude from the RTT value?
- A. lts initial value is statically set to 10.
- B. Its value is incremented with each packet lost.
- C. It determines which FortiGuard server is used for license validation.
- D. Its value represents the time it takes to receive a response after a rating request is sent to a particular server.
正解：D
解説：
* RTT (Round Trip Time):
* RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.
* This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web
* filtering and antivirus updates.
* Server Selection:
* The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.
* This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
質問 # 33
Which exchange lakes care of DoS protection in IKEv2?
- A. Create_CHILD_SA
- B. IKE_Auth
- C. IKE_Req_INIT
- D. IKE_SA_INIT
正解：D
解説：
* IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
* During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.
* DoS Protection Mechanisms:
* One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.
* The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.
References:
* RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)(RFC Editor).
* RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks(IETF Datatracker).
質問 # 34
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
- B. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
- C. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
- D. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- E. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
正解：A、B、E
解説：
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
質問 # 35
Which statement is correct regarding LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A. The regular bind typerequires a FortiGate super_adminaccount.
- B. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
- C. The regular bind type goes through four steps to successfully authenticate a user.
- D. The regular bind type cannot be used if users are authenticated using sAMAccountName.
正解：C
解説：
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
* Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
* Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
* Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
* Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
* Explanation of answer:
* The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
* The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
質問 # 36
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