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質問 # 89
One of your clients, Harry, has heard that he can defer paying tax on capital gains. He wants to know if what he has heard is correct and if so, how to defer paying taxes on capital gains.
What would you tell Harry?
- A. He should hold profitable investments as long as possible.
- B. Harry should buy and sell investments actively.
- C. He should hold unprofitable investments as long as possible.
- D. He should invest in mutual funds just before the dividend paying date to pick up the dividend.
正解：D
質問 # 90
Which of the following is typical for a normal yield curve?
- A. short and long term rates are the same
- B. yields decline as term to maturity increases
- C. short term rates are lower than long term rates
- D. long term rates are lower than short term rates
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A yield curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the interest rates (or yields) and the term to maturity of different fixed income securities, such as bonds or debentures. A normal yield curve is upward sloping, meaning that the interest rates increase as the term to maturity increases. This is because investors typically demand higher compensation for lending their money for longer periods of time, as they face more uncertainty and risk. Therefore, a normal yield curve implies that short term rates are lower than long term rates.
References: Canadian Investment Funds Course, Unit 5, Section 5.2
質問 # 91
For what reason do different entities have securities created and sold?
- A. Governments can address financial needs and support initiatives when securities are first sold.
- B. The issuance of securities is a method used by corporations to redistribute their wealth to investors to lower taxes.
- C. When common shares are initially sold, the capital raised will increase the issuing corporation's retained earnings.
- D. Government debt is reduced due to the capital that is received from investors when their securities are purchased.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
One of the main reasons why different entities have securities created and sold is to raise funds for various purposes. Governments, for example, can issue securities such as bonds or treasury bills to finance public spending, such as infrastructure, education, health care, or social programs. By selling securities to investors, governments can borrow money at a lower cost than other sources of funding, and can also stimulate the economy and create jobs12 References = Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) - Module 2: Investment Products - Section 2.1:
Money Market Instruments3 and web search results from search_web(query="reasons for issuing securities")12
3: https://www.ifse.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CIFC-Module-2.pdf
質問 # 92
Which of the following statements best describes dollar-cost averaging?
- A. It is a type of systematic withdrawal program.
- B. It is making lump-sum purchases when the market price for a mutual fund is low.
- C. It is the strategy of purchasing a set number of units of a mutual fund on a regular basis.
- D. It is buying a set dollar amount of a mutual fund on a regular basis
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Dollar-cost averaging is the practice of systematically investing equal amounts of money at regular intervals, regardless of the price of a security. This strategy can reduce the overall impact of price volatility and lower the average cost per share. By buying regularly in up and down markets, investors buy more shares at lower prices and fewer shares at higher prices. Dollar-cost averaging aims to prevent a poorly timed lump sum investment at a potentially higher price. References: What Is Dollar-Cost Averaging? - Investopedia
質問 # 93
Pacari is a Dealing Representative with Cavalry Investments, a mutual fund dealer. Pacari's client, Darsha, is a long-time customer and an elderly widow. Darsha depended on her husband, for financial decisions before he passed. Pacari has also noticed that Darsha's capacity seems to be declining over the years. Luckily, with Pacari's help, Darsha has been managing her finances well. However, Darsha's daughter has been getting involved recently and has even tried to enter trades without Darsha's authorization. Pacari is particularly concerned about the last transaction for Darsha's account: a very large redemption. Pacari fears that Darsha has become a victim of financial exploitation and he raises his concerns with his dealer Cavalry. Which of the following statements about how Cavalry may proceed is CORRECT?
- A. Cavalry must place a temporary hold on Darsha's account to disallow all transactions for the account.
- B. Cavalry can place a permanent hold on Darsha's account and disallow all future transactions.
- C. Cavalry must proceed with the redemption because temporary and permanent holds are not permitted.
- D. Cavalry can place a temporary hold on Darsha's account to temporarily disallow the redemption.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Cavalry can place a temporary hold on Darsha's account to temporarily disallow the redemption if they have reasonable grounds to believe that Darsha is being financially exploited or that she lacks mental capacity to make financial decisions. This is in accordance with the guidance issued by the Mutual Fund Dealers Association of Canada (MFDA) on how to deal with vulnerable clients. A temporary hold can be placed for up to 15 business days, which can be extended for another 15 business days if necessary. During this time, Cavalry must conduct an internal review of the matter and contact Darsha and any trusted contact person or legal representative to resolve the situation. Cavalry cannot place a permanent hold on Darsha's account without her consent or a court order. Cavalry is not required to place a temporary hold on Darsha's account, but it is an option available to them to protect their client's interests. References: What We Heard Report:
Financial Crimes and Harms Against Seniors, MFDA Bulletin #0859-P - Guidance on Vulnerable Clients
質問 # 94
Lucas is 60 years old and continues to work. He presently is a plan holder of a registered retirement savings plan (RRSP). He is considering changing his RRSP to a registered retirement income fund (RRIF).
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
- A. Investments that qualify as an eligible investment for a RRIF are different than for an RRSP.
- B. Once he changes his RRSP to a RRIF, his unused total RRSP contribution room is lost.
- C. There is no minimum age to be an annuitant to a RRIF.
- D. Minimal withdrawals are required to start in the current calendar year his RRIF was established.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A registered retirement income fund (RRIF) is a type of registered plan that provides a stream of income in retirement. A RRIF can be created by converting an RRSP, but once the conversion is done, the plan holder can no longer make contributions to the RRSP or the RRIF. Therefore, any unused RRSP contribution room is lost after the conversion. The other statements are incorrect because:
A: There is a minimum age to be an annuitant to a RRIF, which is 71 years old. However, a plan holder can convert an RRSP to a RRIF at any age before 71.
C: Minimum withdrawals are required to start in the year following the year the RRIF was established, not in the current calendar year.
D: Investments that qualify as an eligible investment for a RRIF are the same as for an RRSP, such as mutual funds, stocks, bonds, GICs, etc. References:
Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) Study Guide, Chapter 6: Registered Plans, Section 6.2:
Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), page 6-81
Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) - Canada.ca2
質問 # 95
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) that track an index and index mutual funds have many similarities. However, what is a major difference between these two products?
- A. The market price of ETFs always matches the underlying basket of securities while there can be a discrepancy in pricing index funds.
- B. While ETFs are prone to tracking errors, index funds are perfectly aligned with their underlying index.
- C. ETFs do not have management fees since they are exchange traded while index funds do incur such fees.
- D. ETFs can be purchased continuously throughout the trading day while index funds can only be bought or sold at the end of the day.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
ETFs can be purchased continuously throughout the trading day while index funds can only be bought or sold at the end of the day. This is because ETFs are traded on a stock exchange like stocks, while index funds are traded directly with the fund company like mutual funds. This difference gives ETFs more liquidity and flexibility than index funds, as investors can buy and sell ETFs at any time during market hours at the prevailing market price. Index funds, on the other hand, are priced only once a day at the end of the day based on the net asset value per unit (NAVPU) of the fund. Both ETFs and index funds are prone to tracking errors (A), which are the differences between the performance of the fund and the performance of the underlying index. Tracking errors can be caused by various factors, such as fees, expenses, dividends, rebalancing, and market conditions. The market price of ETFs does not always match the underlying basket of securities , as it is determined by supply and demand in the market. There can be a discrepancy between the market price and the NAVPU of an ETF, which is called the premium or discount. Index funds, on the other hand, are priced based on the NAVPU of the fund, which reflects the value of the underlying securities. Both ETFs and index funds have management fees (D), as they are both types of mutual funds that incur costs for managing and operating the fund. However, ETFs usually have lower management fees than index funds, as they are more passive and have lower turnover and distribution costs. References: Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) | IFSE Institute
質問 # 96
Marta is turning 71 years old this year. She will have to convert her registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) to a registered retirement income fund (RRIF). Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. She will be subject to annual maximum withdrawal limits.
- B. She does not have to withdraw the minimum amount this year.
- C. She will be able to continue contributing to her RRIF and be subject to the same annual limits as her RRSP.
- D. When she converts her RRSP to a RRIF, she will incur a tax liability.
正解：B
質問 # 97
Iliana owns 1,000 participating preferred shares in the First Canadian Bank. Which of the following features are characteristic of her investment?
- A. Iliana is able to vote at the annual general meeting and elect members of the board of directors.
- B. Iliana has the right to purchase more preferred shares in the company before common shareholders.
- C. Iliana has a right to share in the bank's net profits over and above the specified dividend rate.
- D. Iliana can convert her preferred shares to common shares at a fixed price and within a specified time period.
正解：A
質問 # 98
Last year at age 70, Gregory opened a registered retirement income fund (RRIF). Recently, Gregory unexpectedly received a large cash gift and presently does not need to depend on any payments from his RRIF.
He contacts his financial advisor Eric for guidance.
Which of the following statements by his financial advisor would be CORRECT?
- A. Gregory must have attained the minimum age of 71 to open a RRIF.
- B. Periodic contributions to a RRIF are permitted until Gregory reaches the age of 71.
- C. Gregory's account will be subjected to no maximum withdrawal limit but to an annual minimum withdrawal.
- D. Withdrawals become mandatory within the first year of the plan being started.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
According to the Canadian Investment Funds Course, a registered retirement income fund (RRIF) is a type of registered plan that provides a stream of income in retirement. A RRIF can be opened at any age, but it must be established by the end of the year the annuitant turns 71. A RRIF cannot accept any contributions, but it can receive transfers from other registered plans, such as RRSPs, PRPPs, RPPs, or other RRIFs. A RRIF has no maximum withdrawal limit, meaning that the annuitant can withdraw any amount from the plan at any time.
However, a RRIF has a minimum withdrawal requirement, which is calculated based on the annuitant's age or the age of their spouse or common-law partner. The minimum withdrawal must be paid out in the year following the year the RRIF is opened and every year thereafter. The minimum withdrawal is taxable as income in the year of receipt.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. Gregory's account will be subjected to no maximum withdrawal limit but to an annual minimum withdrawal.
References: 1: Canadian Investment Funds Course - IFSE Institute 2 (Unit 9: Retirement)
質問 # 99
Sean purchases 500 units of Penn Canadian Equity Fund when the net asset value per unit (NAVPU) is
$16.70. On December 15, the mutual fund's NAVPU is $21. On December 16, the mutual fund declares a distribution of $1.25 per unit. Sean's distribution is immediately reinvested and he purchases additional units of the mutual fund.
Which of the following statements about the effect of the distribution is correct?
- A. The total value of Sean's mutual fund holdings after the distribution and reinvestment is $9,875.
- B. The NAVPU of the mutual fund does not change after the distribution since Sean reinvests his distribution and purchases additional units.
- C. After the distribution. Sean will have J&625 in cash and JB8.350 worth of the Penn Canadian Equity Fund.
- D. Sean's distribution is reinvested at a NAVPU of $19.75 and he receives approximately 31.65 additional units.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Sean's distribution is reinvested at a NAVPU of $19.75 and he receives approximately 31.65 additional units.
When a mutual fund declares a distribution, it reduces its NAVPU by the amount of the distribution per unit.
In this case, the NAVPU drops from $21 to $19.75 after the distribution of $1.25 per unit. Sean's distribution is $625 ($1.25 x 500 units), which he reinvests in the mutual fund at the new NAVPU of $19.75. He receives
additional units. The total value of Sean's mutual fund holdings after the distribution and reinvestment is (500+31.65)*19.75=$10,500
, not $9,875. The NAVPU of the mutual fund does change after the distribution, regardless of whether Sean reinvests his distribution or not. References: [Unit 7: Mutual Funds Administration]
質問 # 100
What type of mutual fund can invest in specified derivatives and forward contracts for grains, meats, metals, energy products, and coffee?
- A. global equity fund
- B. labour-sponsored investment fund
- C. commodity pool
- D. specialty fund
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A commodity pool is a type of mutual fund that can invest in specified derivatives and forward contracts for commodities, such as grains, meats, metals, energy products, and coffee. A commodity pool allows investors to gain exposure to the commodity markets without having to buy or sell the physical commodities themselves. A commodity pool may also use leverage and hedging strategies to enhance returns and reduce risks. Therefore, B is the correct answer. References: Commodity Pool: Definition and How It Works - Investopedia, Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) | IFSE Institute
質問 # 101
Terri, 30 years old, is the marketing manager at Provincial Winery with an average annual income of $60,000.
Her spouse Yvette, 28 years old, is a project manager with a telecommunications firm earning
$70,000 per year. You are helping them to organize their investments and are trying to assess their financial resources.
Which of the following is the best question to ask?
- A. Do you have any children?
- B. Do you have pension plans at work?
- C. What is your investment experience?
- D. When do you need the money?
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
One of the steps in the Know Your Client (KYC) rule is to assess the client's financial resources, which include their income, assets, liabilities, and net worth. Asking about pension plans at work is a relevant question to determine the client's sources of income and potential retirement savings. Pension plans can also affect the client's risk tolerance and investment objectives, as they may provide a stable and guaranteed income in the future. Asking about children, money needs, and investment experience are also important questions, but they relate to other aspects of the KYC rule, such as personal circumstances, time horizon, and investment knowledge. References:
* Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) Study Guide, Chapter 1: The Investment Funds Industry, Section 1.4: The Know Your Client (KYC) Rule, page 1-111
* Know Your Client (KYC) Definition - Investopedia
質問 # 102
Maalik opens an account for a new client, John. During the new account process, Maalik determines that he will need to confirm John's identity. Which of the following statements about Maalik's identification requirements is CORRECT?
- A. If Maalik determines that there is anything suspicious about John's transaction, he is required to report the matter to his dealer. The dealer must report the matter to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC).
- B. If John wants to make a large cash deposit of $10,000 or more, Maalik is required to collect personal information about John and report it to his dealer. The dealer must report the information to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA).
- C. If John attempts to make a suspicious deposit, Maalik is required to report the attempt to his dealer. The dealer must keep records of attempted suspicious transactions that are not reported to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC).
- D. If Maalik learns that John is the president of a state-owned company, Maalik is required to report John as a Politically Exposed Foreign Person (PEFP) to his dealer. If John is not a US person, the dealer must report the account to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The statement that is correct about Maalik's identification requirements is option A. According to Section 7 of the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA), registered firms and individuals must report any suspicious transactions or attempted transactions to FINTRAC, which is Canada's financial intelligence unit that collects, analyzes, and discloses information related to money laundering and terrorist financing activities. A suspicious transaction or attempted transaction is one that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that it is related to a money laundering or terrorist financing offence. Therefore, if Maalik determines that there is anything suspicious about John's transaction, he must report the matter to his dealer, who must report it to FINTRAC within 30 days of making the determination. The other statements are not correct about Maalik's identification requirements. Option B is false because Maalik does not need to report John as a PEFP to his dealer; rather, he must take reasonable measures to determine whether John is a PEFP or a family member or close associate of a PEFP, and if so, he must obtain senior management approval before opening an account for John, take enhanced measures to verify John's identity, and conduct enhanced ongoing monitoring of John's account activity. Option C is false because Maalik does not need to collect personal information about John and report it to his dealer if John wants to make a large cash deposit; rather, he must verify John's identity using an original, valid, and current document or information from a reliable source, keep a record of John's name and address and the date and amount of the deposit, and report any large cash transactions of $10,000 or more in Canadian currency or its equivalent to FINTRAC within 15 days of receiving the cash. Option D is false because Maalik does not need to report the attempt to his dealer if John attempts to make a suspicious deposit; rather, he must report the attempt directly to FINTRAC within 30 days of detecting the suspicion, regardless of whether the transaction was completed or not. References: [FINTRAC
- Home], [FINTRAC - Reporting], [FINTRAC - Guideline 2: Suspicious Transactions], [FINTRAC - Guideline 6A: Record Keeping and Client Identification for Financial Entities]
質問 # 103
Portia is a Dealing Representative with Highview Wealth Inc., a mutual fund dealer. Portia recommends the Stature Growth Fund to her client Clive. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes what Portia must do in order to satisfy her obligations under the Client Relationship Model (CRM) and Client Focused Reforms (CFR)?
- A. Portia must mark the trade as ^unsolicited" if Clive wants to proceed with the trade and it is not suitable for him.
- B. Portia must calculate the net asset value per unit (NAVPU) and report it to Give in the trade confirmation.
- C. Portia must provide Clive with the pre-trade disclosure to address any material conflicts of interest with the trade.
- D. Portia must disclose the costs, expenses, and ongoing fees associated with the investment prior to the trade.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The Client Relationship Model (CRM) and Client Focused Reforms (CFR) are regulatory initiatives that aim to enhance the relationship between registered firms and their clients by imposing higher standards of conduct and disclosure. One of the obligations under CRM and CFR is to provide clients with information about the costs, expenses, and ongoing fees associated with an investment prior to executing a trade. This includes disclosing the management expense ratio (MER), sales charges, deferred sales charges (DSC), switch fees, short-term trading fees, and trailer fees of a mutual fund. This information helps clients understand the impact of fees on their returns and compare different investment options. Therefore, option C is correct regarding what Portia must do in order to satisfy her obligations under CRM and CFR. The other options are not correct.
Option A is false because Portia does not need to calculate the net asset value per unit (NAVPU) and report it to Clive in the trade confirmation; rather, the NAVPU is determined by the mutual fund manager and reported by the mutual fund dealer in the trade confirmation. Option B is false because Portia must not mark the trade as unsolicited if Clive wants to proceed with the trade and it is not suitable for him; rather, Portia must act in Clive's best interest and advise him against making an unsuitable trade or decline to execute it. Option D is false because Portia does not need to provide Clive with the pre-trade disclosure to address any material conflicts of interest with the trade; rather, Portia must disclose any material conflicts of interest with the client relationship as part of the relationship disclosure information (RDI) that is provided at account opening and updated as necessary. References: [Client Relationship Model - Phase 2 (CRM2) | GetSmarterAboutMoney.ca], [Client Focused Reforms | GetSmarterAboutMoney.ca], [Client Focused Reforms - FAQs | IFIC]
質問 # 104
Which of the following is a characteristic of a bond fund?
- A. Income from a bond fund will primarily be interest but may also be capital gains
- B. If interest rates rise the value of a bond fund will also tend to rise.
- C. Securities regulation specifies that bond funds must invest in investment grade bonds.
- D. Bond funds are very low risk because they never go down in value.
正解：A
質問 # 105
Your client, Cosmo, recently inherited $50,000 from his uncle. He wants to use this money towards his retirement savings. Cosmo is a 50-year old, self-employed carpenter and he earns on average $65,000 per year. He has a registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) with the bank worth $425,000 and a tax-free savings account (TFSA) worth $46,000. He started saving when he was 25 years old and has always made his own investment decisions. His money is mostly invested in balanced funds. He feels most comfortable with these types of mutual funds since they offer potential investment growth but without being too aggressive. Cosmo has no other assets.
What additional information do you need about Cosmo to fulfill your know your client obligation?
- A. income and net worth
- B. time horizon
- C. risk tolerance
- D. investment objectives
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
To fulfill the know your client (KYC) obligation, an advisor must collect and document information about the client's personal and financial situation, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and investment knowledge. The KYC rule is a regulatory requirement that ensures that the advisor understands the client's needs and goals, and provides suitable recommendations that match the client's profile. In this case, Cosmo has provided some information about his personal and financial situation, such as his age, occupation, income, assets, and inheritance. He has also given some indication of his investment objectives, such as saving for retirement, and his investment knowledge, such as making his own investment decisions and preferring balanced funds.
However, he has not disclosed his risk tolerance, which is his willingness and ability to accept fluctuations in the value of his investments. Risk tolerance is an important factor that affects the choice of investment strategies and products. Therefore, to complete the KYC process, the advisor needs to obtain additional information about Cosmo's risk tolerance. References:
Canadian Investment Funds Course (CIFC) Study Guide, Chapter 1: The Investment Funds Industry, Section 1.4: The Know Your Client (KYC) Rule, page 1-111 Know Your Client (KYC) Definition - Investopedia2
質問 # 106
Which of the following applies to a mutual fund trust?
- A. It is always closed-end.
- B. It is not efficient at passing through income to investors.
- C. It has a board of directors and shareholders.
- D. It has unitholders.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A mutual fund trust is a type of unit trust that meets certain conditions under the Canadian Income Tax Act and is eligible for favourable tax treatment. A unit trust is a collective investment vehicle that holds assets and distributes profits to individual unit owners, also called unitholders, instead of reinvesting them in the fund. A mutual fund trust is not a corporation and does not have a board of directors or shareholders. It is also not a closed-end fund, which has a fixed number of shares that trade on an exchange. A mutual fund trust is an open-end fund, which can issue and redeem units at any time based on the net asset value of the fund.
References: Canadian Investment Funds Course, Unit 5, Section 5.1
質問 # 107
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