[2024年08月13日] 完全版には更新されたのはCPHQ Certification（CPHQ）認定サンプル問題
最新のNAHQ CPHQリアル試験問題集PDF
質問 # 16
He used his understanding of statistics to design tools to respond to variation. Following his arrival at Western Electric Co. in 1924, Shewhart introduced the concepts of common cause, special cause variation and statistical control. He designed these concepts to assist Bell Telephone of repairs within its transmission systems.
Who is he?
- A. W Edwards Deming
- B. Joseph M Juran
- C. Armand Shewhart
- D. Walter Shewhart
正解：D
質問 # 17
Once collected, performance measurement data require interpretation and analysis if they are to be used to improve
the processes and outcomes of healthcare. Data can be used to compare:
- A. An organizations performance against itself over time
- B. A, B and C
- C. An organization's performance against established benchmarks or guidelines
- D. The performance of one organization to the performance of a group of organizations collecting data on the same
measures in the same way
正解：B
質問 # 18
A focused professional practice evaluation (FPPE) Is Initiated
- A. at the discretion of the chief medical officer (CMO).
- B. annually for all providers on staff.
- C. when new privileges are granted.
- D. during the survey corrective action period.
正解：C
解説：
A Focused Professional Practice Evaluation (FPPE) is a process used to assess a practitioner's competence in performing specific privileges, including new ones1234. This process is initiated when a practitioner is granted new privileges1234. The FPPE process is designed to ensure that practitioners can competently perform the privileges requested at the organization1. It is also used when there is a question about a currently privileged practitioner's ability to provide safe, high-quality patient care1. The FPPE process mustbe predefined and consistently implemented for all newly requested privileges1. The period of FPPE begins at the time privileges are granted1.
References: 1234
質問 # 19
Generally, effective performance measurement benefits organizations in the following way/s EXCEPT:
- A. Illustrate improvement
- B. Provides factual evidence of performance
- C. Promotes ongoing organization self-evaluation and improvement
- D. Helps to meet internal patients' care requirements
正解：D
質問 # 20
An ambulatory pulmonary division is in the finalphase of a DMAIC project. The division head asked the team to present the performance of the project. Which chart demonstrates that change has occurred over time and the process has limited variation?
- A. control chart
- B. Pareto chart
- C. run chart
- D. flowchart
正解：A
解説：
The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) process is a data-driven quality strategy used to improve processes12. In the context of a DMAIC project, when you want to demonstrate that change has occurred over time and the process has limited variation, a control chart is the most appropriate tool.
A control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. It is particularly useful in the Control phase of the DMAIC process. The chart is used to monitor the process and ensure it remains stable.
Data points are plotted in time order in a control chart and a centerline is calculated. The centerline is the average value of the metric you are charting. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit, and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are determined from historical data. By comparing current data to these lines, youcan draw conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes of variation).
References:
https://asq.org/quality-resources/dmaic
質問 # 21
Measures of central tendency describe the:
- A. Typical or middle data point
- B. Extent to which the data points are scattered
- C. Type and number of classes for dividing the data
- D. Average distance of any point in the data set from the mean
正解：A
質問 # 22
Because of the goals of care can be defined broadly, outcome measures have come to include the costs of care as well
as patients' satisfaction with care. In formulations that stress the technical aspects of care, however outcome typically
refers to:
- A. Appropriate and potentially harmless care
- B. Desired results
- C. Health status-related indicators such as whether the pain subsided
- D. Special set of clinical activities
正解：C
質問 # 23
Benchmarking is goal directed and promotes performance improvement by all of the following ways EXCEPT:
- A. Providing an environment amenable to organizational change through continuous improvement and striving to
match industry-leading practices and results - B. Creating objective measures of performance that are driven by industry leading targets instead of by past
performance - C. Substantiating the need for improvement
- D. Providing a customer internal focus
正解：C
質問 # 24
Which of the following types of budgets itemizes the major equipment to be purchased in the next year?
- A. Zero-based
- B. Capital
- C. Variable
- D. Operating
正解：B
質問 # 25
Through ___________ the data collection staff can spot patient trends as they develop rather than receive the
information after the patient have been discharged. For instance, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
sooner, or it may spot an increase in the rate of aspiration in stroke patients as it occurs.
- A. Data collection forms
- B. Scanners
- C. Prospective chart review
- D. Medical record review (Retrospective)
正解：C
質問 # 26
When formulating medical standards, a critical decision that must be made is the _____ at which the standard should be set.
- A. Depth
- B. Level
- C. utility of measurement
- D. Clarity
正解：B
質問 # 27
Based on the data below, which unit should the quality Improvement coordinator focus on?
- A. Unit C
- B. Unit D
- C. Unit A
- D. Unit B
正解：D
解説：
* Based on the data below, which shows the percentage of patients who acquired a hospital-associated infection (HAI) in each unit, the quality improvement coordinator should focus on Unit C, which has the highest rate of HAI among the four units.
* A hospital-associated infection (HAI) is an infection that patients get during or after receiving health care in a hospital or other health care facility. HAIs can cause serious complications, increase morbidity and mortality, prolong hospital stays, and increase health care costs. Therefore, preventing and reducing HAIs is a key quality and safety goal for health care organizations.
* A quality improvement coordinator is a professional who develops and implements quality improvement initiatives, monitors and evaluates quality performance, and provides education and support to staff and leaders on quality methods and tools. One of their responsibilities is to identify and prioritize areas for improvement based on data analysis and evidence-based practices.
* To determine which unit should be the focus of quality improvement efforts, the quality improvement coordinator can use a data analysis tool such as a Pareto chart, which shows the frequency or impact of different factors or causes in descending order, along with a cumulative line that indicates the percentage of the total. A Pareto chart can help identify the most significant issues or opportunities for improvement, based on the 80/20 rule, which states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
* Using the data below, a Pareto chart can be created as follows:
Table
Unit
HAI Rate (%)
A
5
B
7
C
12
D
4
* The Pareto chart shows that Unit C has the highest HAI rate (12%), followed by Unit B (7%), Unit A
* (5%), and Unit D (4%). The cumulative line shows that Unit C alone accounts for 40% of the total HAI rate, and Units C and B together account for 63.3% of the total HAI rate. Therefore, according to the Pareto principle, the quality improvementcoordinator should focus on Unit C, as it represents the most significant problem area and the greatest opportunity for improvement.
* The quality improvement coordinator can then conduct a root cause analysis to identify the possible factors or causes that contribute to the high HAI rate in Unit C, such as staff compliance, infection control practices, patient characteristics, environmental factors, etc. A root cause analysis can be facilitated by using a visual tool such as a fishbone diagram, which organizes possible factors into categories, such as people, process, equipment, environment, etc. The quality improvement coordinator can also collect and compare data from other units or sources to identify gaps and best practices.
* Based on the root cause analysis, the quality improvement coordinator can then develop and implement an action plan to address the identified causes and improve the HAI rate in Unit C. The action plan should include specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals, interventions, and indicators. The quality improvement coordinator can also involve the staff and leaders of Unit C in the planning and implementation process, to ensure their engagement and ownership of the improvement efforts.
* The quality improvement coordinator should also monitor and evaluate the progress and outcomes of the action plan, using data collection and analysis tools such as run charts, control charts, or statistical process control (SPC), which can show the variation and trends in the HAI rate over time. The quality improvement coordinator should also provide feedback and recognition to the staff and leaders of Unit C, and make adjustments to the action plan as needed, based on the data and evidence.
References:
* NAHQ HQ Principles, Module 2: Data Management, Lesson 2.3: Data Analysis Tools, Topic 2.3.1:
Pareto Chart, Topic 2.3.2: Fishbone Diagram
* NAHQ Learning Lab: The Role of the Healthcare Quality Professional in Population Health Management, Module 3: Data Collection and Analysis, Slide 16: Pareto Chart, Slide 18: Fishbone Diagram
* NAHQ Journal for Healthcare Quality, Volume 42, Issue 5, September/October 2020, Article:
Utilization of Improvement Methodologies by Healthcare Quality Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Page 283: Figure 1. Pareto Chart of COVID-19 Cases by State as of June 30, 2020
* NAHQ News and Media, News: Shaping the Future of the Healthcare Quality Profession, Paragraph 5:
The Role of the Quality Improvement Coordinator
* NAHQ Resources, Healthcare Quality Solutions: Ready Your Workforce for Quality, Page 5: The Role of the Quality Improvement Coordinator
質問 # 28
A performance measure for Infection control such as the number of primary blood stream Infections per 1000 central line days Is an example of a
- A. proportion.
- B. variance.
- C. rate.
- D. mean.
正解：C
解説：
The performance measure for infection control, such as the number of primary bloodstream infections per
1000 central line days, is an example of a rate. In epidemiology and public health, a rate is a measure of the frequency with which an event, such as a new case of illness, occurs in a population over a period of time. The denominator is the population at risk; the numerator is the number of occurrences of disease. Here, the number of primary bloodstream infections isthe numerator, and the number of central line days is the denominator.
Therefore, this measure is a rate.
質問 # 29
A number of attributes can characterize the quality of healthcare services. As, there are different groups involved in
healthcare, such as physicians, patients and health insurers, tend to attach different levels of importance to particular
attributes and as a result define quality care differently. Which of the following is/are NOT out of those attributes?
- A. Technical performance
- B. Amenities
- C. Responsiveness to patient preferences
- D. Excess staff
正解：D
質問 # 30
Benchmarking is goal directed and promotes performance improvement by all of the following ways EXCEPT:
- A. Substantiating the need for improvement
- B. Creating objective measures of performance that are driven by industry leading targets instead of by past performance
- C. Providing an environment amenable to organizational change through continuous improvement and striving to match industry-leading practices and results
- D. Providing a customer internal focus
正解：A
質問 # 31
One of the first steps in preparing for an organizational accreditation survey Is to have a quality professional
- A. submit an electronic application to the organization Identifying a date for survey.
- B. Identify the root causes of the most recent adverse events that have occurred.
- C. complete a competency examination on the process of writing action plans.
- D. conduct a gap analysis of the identified standards against current practices.
正解：D
解説：
One of the first steps in preparing for an organizational accreditation survey is to conduct a gap analysis of the identified standards against current practices123. This involves understanding the accreditation standards and reviewing adherence to these standards before applying for accreditation1. A gap analysis helps identify areas of weakness or nonconformance to the standards2. This process is crucial in setting up the organization for success in the accreditation survey1.
References:
https://www.carf.org/accreditation/survey-preparation-accreditation/
https://accreditation.org/accreditation-processes
質問 # 32
Stratification is the separation and classification of data into reasonably homogenous categories, within the data, that are mutually exclusive and facilitate:
- A. Skills that are based more experience than knowledge
- B. Discovery of patterns that would not be observed id data were aggregated
- C. frustrated measurement process
- D. Data collection efforts
正解：B
質問 # 33
In general, as the amounts spent on providing services for a particular condition grow, diminishing returns set in meaning that each unit of expenditure yield ever-smaller benefits until a point where
________________.
- A. No additional benefits accrue from adding more care
- B. perfection is within the reach of all individuals
- C. Additional benefits are too small to justify the added costs
- D. There is displacement of more useful care
正解：A
質問 # 34
Health plan databases are an excellent source of data for quality improvement projects particular projects that have
_______________. For many years, health plans have used a variety of means to collect data on their performance,
track the management of care received by their numbers and direct program in disease management and care
management.
- A. A population health management focus
- B. Sophisticated data warehouses
- C. Full engagement at nursing unit
- D. Baseline assessment
正解：A
質問 # 35
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CPHQ試験は、品質改善、患者の安全、リスク管理、またはパフォーマンス測定に取り組む医療専門家向けに設計されています。この試験では、品質管理、患者の安全、データ管理、ヘルスケア規制と基準、リーダーシップとコミュニケーションなど、幅広いトピックをカバーしています。この試験は140の複数選択の質問で構成されており、候補者はそれを完了するのに3時間あります。
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