2024年08月 NFPA CFPS実際にある問題と100%カバー率リアル試験問題
CFPS無料試験問題と解答PDF最新問題2024年08月
質問 # 24
Which smoke detector type contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions by sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber?
- A. Photoelectric
- B. Cloud chamber air sampling
- C. Light scattering
- D. lonization
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Smoke detector
Explore
The smoke detector type that contains a small amount of radioactive material and functions by sensing a decrease in conductance of the air when smoke particles enter the chamber is theionization smoke detector.
Ionization smoke detectors use a small amount of americium-241, a radioactive element, to ionize the air molecules inside a sensing chamber. This creates a low-level electric current between two electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the ionized air and reduces the current flow. This triggers the alarm to sound.Ionization smoke detectors are more sensitive to small particles of smoke, such as those produced by flaming fires1.However, they may also be more prone to false alarms from cooking or steam, and they require proper disposal of the radioactive source2.
References:
Smoke Detector Types: Which Type of Smoke Detector Is Best? - X-Sense
How Does Your Smoke Detector Work? - ThoughtCo
質問 # 25
The principle fuels used in a modern grain dryer are natural gas, vaporized liquid propane, and
- A. fuel oil.
- B. methane.
- C. hydrogen.
- D. gasoline.
正解：A
質問 # 26
Response Time Index (RTI) is a value applicable to
- A. Measure of thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler's activation.
- B. Measure of thermal sensitivity of a wet pipe sprinkler system's alarm device.
- C. Measure of thermal sensitivity of the air evacuation device of a dry pipe sprinkler system.
- D. Amount of time required for water to reach the most remote sprinkler.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Response Time Index (RTI) is a measure of thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler's activation. It indicates how quickly the sprinkler responds to the heat from a fire. RTI is calculated by using the operating time, operating temperature, air temperature, air velocity, and conductivity factor of the sprinkler. RTI is independent of the gas velocity but depends on the properties of the sprinkler head such as mass, specific heat capacity andsurface area of the thermal sensing element. RTI is used to classify sprinklers into fast response or standard response categories.
References:The Basics of Sprinkler Thermal Characteristics | NFPA;Sprinkler Characteristics According to NFPA 13 - Fire Protection ...;Response time index (RTI) - Oil and Gas Drilling Glossary;RESPONSE TIME INDEX OF SPRINKLERS - Department of Building Environment ...
質問 # 27
What type of fire pump has a pressure range that can exceed 300 psi (2,068 kPa)?
- A. Split case
- B. Horizontal-end suction
- C. Suction in-line
- D. Vertical turbine
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Fire pump
Explore
A suction in-line fire pump has a pressure range that can exceed 300 psi (2,068 kPa). This type of pump is a centrifugal pump that is installed in a vertical position with the suction and discharge connections in the same line. The pump is designed to handle high pressures and flows, and it is suitable for high-rise buildings and other applications that require high head.According to NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, a suction in-line fire pump can have a rated pressure of up to 360 psi (2,482 kPa)1.The other types of fire pumps mentioned in the question have lower pressure ranges, as shown in the table below2:
Type of fire pump
Pressure range (psi)
Pressure range (kPa)
Horizontal-end suction
40 to 150
276 to 1,034
Split case
40 to 150
276 to 1,034
Vertical turbine
40 to 150
276 to 1,034
Suction in-line
40 to 360
276 to 2,482
References:NFPA 20: Fire pump design | Consulting - Specifying Engineer;Understanding the Basics of Fire Pumps | Pumps & Systems
質問 # 28
Critical Radiant Flux is used to classify
- A. interior wall finishes.
- B. interior floor finishes.
- C. exterior materials.
- D. roofing materials.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Critical radiant flux is used to classifyinterior floor finishes. Critical radiant flux is a measure of the minimum radiant heat energy required to sustain flame propagation on a floor material or covering. It is determined by exposing a specimen to a radiant heat gradient and observing the distance from the ignition point to the flame-out point.The shorter the distance, the higher the critical radiant flux and the better the fire performance of the floor material or covering1.Critical radiant flux is used to classify floor materials and coverings according to their fire hazard and resistance, and to specify the minimum requirements for different occupancies and applications2.For example, the International Building Code (IBC) requires that interior floor finishes and coverings in exit access corridors and exit enclosures have a critical radiant flux of not less than
0.45 W/cm2, while those in other spaces have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.22 W/cm23.Critical radiant flux is also used to evaluate the fire safety of floor materials and coverings in transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trains, and buses4.
質問 # 29
According to the Consumer Products Safety Commission, what type of fabric is used 51% of the time on upholstered furniture?
- A. Coated PVC
- B. Thermoplastic
- C. Leather
- D. Cellulosic
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC), the most common type of fabric used on upholstered furniture is cellulosic. Cellulosic fabrics are made from natural fibers derived from plants, such as cotton, linen, rayon, and hemp. Cellulosic fabrics account for about 51% of the total fabric weight used on upholstered furniture in the United States1. Cellulosic fabrics are popular because they are soft, comfortable, breathable, and versatile. However, they are also highly flammable and can contribute to the spread of fire if ignited2. Therefore, the CPSC has established a flammability standard for upholstered furniture that requires cellulosic fabrics to pass a smolder resistance test3. References:
Upholstered Furniture Business Education | CPSC.gov
Fire Fighting Foams - Chemguard
Standard for the Flammability of Residential Upholstered Furniture
質問 # 30
Building codes should limit the size of an unsprinklered facility used for the processing and storage of Municipal Solid Waste built of type V construction to how many square feet?
- A. 9,000
- B. 7,500
- C. 10,000
- D. 8,500
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to NFPA 230: Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, 2015 Edition, building codes should limit the size of an unsprinklered facility used for the processing and storage of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) built of type V construction to 7,500 ft2 (697 m2). This is based on the assumption that the MSW has a heat release rate of 18,000 Btu/ft2-min (200 kW/m2) and a fire growth rate of 0.046 min-1.Type V construction is defined as a type of construction in which the structural elements, exterior walls, and interior walls are of any materials permitted by the code123 References:
NFPA 230: Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage
5 Types of Construction per the IBC | Building Code Trainer
2.4 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
質問 # 31
What is the maximum allowable quantity per control area for a nonliquified oxidizing gas stored in a gas cabinet in an unsprinklered area?
- A. 2000 ft3 (56 m3)
- B. 1000 ft3 (28 m3)
- C. 3000 ft3 (85 m3)
- D. 1500 ft3 (43 m3)
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to NFPA 400, Table 5.2.1.1.3, the maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) of a nonliquified oxidizing gas per control area in an unsprinklered area is 2000 ft3 (56 m3) when stored in a gas cabinet. This quantity can be increased by 100% if the area is sprinklered or by 300% if the area is also provided with a gas detection system. A gas cabinet is a ventilated enclosure for the storage of one or more compressed gas containers that provides a method of control for potential leakage or fire exposure hazards [NFPA 400,
3.3.32].References:NFPA 400, Table 5.2.1.1.3;NFPA 400, 3.3.32;NFPA 400, 5.2.1.1.3.1;NFPA 400,
5.2.1.1.3.2.
質問 # 32
All of the following Road Tunnel fire model types are used EXCEPT
- A. field models.
- B. two-dimensional models.
- C. one-dimensional models.
- D. zone models.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Two-dimensional models are not a common type of road tunnel fire models. Most road tunnel fire models are either one-dimensional, zone, or field models. One-dimensional models use a simplified approach to describe the fire and smoke behavior along the tunnel axis, assuming uniform conditions across the tunnel cross-section. Zone models divide the tunnel into two or more zones, each with uniform properties, and apply mass and energy conservation equations to each zone. Field models use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve the governing equations for mass, momentum, energy, and species transport in a three-dimensional grid, capturing the spatial and temporal variations of the fire and smoke phenomena. Two-dimensional models are rarely used for road tunnel fire simulations, as they cannot account for the complex three-dimensional effects of fire and ventilation in tunnels.
References:Design Fires in Road Tunnels | The National Academies Press;CFD Modelling of Fire Ventilation in Road Tunnels - Academia.edu;Findings of the International Road Tunnel Fire Detection Research ...1
質問 # 33
When using water mist as an extinguishing mechanism, the effectiveness of a fine mist depends on
- A. how much mist diverts to the compartment boundaries.
- B. the momentum and direction of the spray relative to the fire.
- C. how much conductive heat the mist system will absorb.
- D. the ability of the mist to directly spray on the fire.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
When using water mist as an extinguishing mechanism, the effectiveness of a fine mist depends on the momentum and direction of the spray relative to the fire. The momentum and direction of the spray determine how well the mist can penetrate the fire plume and reach the flame zone, where the mist droplets can evaporate and cool the fire, displace oxygen, and dilute the fuel vapors. The mist spray should have sufficient momentum to overcome the buoyancy and entrainment of the fire plume, and the direction of the spray should be aligned with the fire plume to avoid deflection and dispersion. The ability of the mist to directly spray on the fire, how much mist diverts to the compartment boundaries, and how much conductive heat the mist system will absorb are not the main factors affecting the extinguishing effectiveness of a fine mist.
References:Water Mist Systems Overview | NFPA;Engineering Relations for Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems;Effectiveness of Swirl Water Mist Nozzles for Fire Suppression
質問 # 34
The coefficient of discharge of a fire hydrant when the outlet is smooth and well-rounded outlet is?
- A. 0.90.
- B. 0.82
- C. 0.87
- D. 0.70.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The coefficient of discharge of a fire hydrant when the outlet is smooth and well-rounded is 0.90. This is the highest coefficient given by NFPA 291 for fire hydrant outlets, and it means that the stream is almost as large as the outlet diameter. The coefficient of discharge is a factor that accounts for the difference between the actual flow and the theoretical flow from an orifice, based on the shape and condition of the outlet1. A lower coefficient means that the stream is more restricted and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the outlet. NFPA 291 provides three coefficients for fire hydrant outlets, depending on how the outlet projects into the barrel: 0.90 for smooth and well-rounded outlets, 0.80 for outlets with a hexagonal or square projection, and 0.70 for outlets with a long projection or adamaged edge2. The coefficient of discharge is used to calculate the flow rate from the pitot pressure measured at the centerline of the stream3. References:
Fire Fighting Foams - Chemguard
Guide to Hydrant Flow Testing | WSRB
New Fire Hydrant Flow Test Charts (PDF) - MeyerFire
質問 # 35
For standpipe systems containing 11/2 - 21/2 in. (40 - 65 mm) hose connection outlets without preconnected hose, a pressure regulating device is required when pressure exceeds
- A. 150 psi (1034 kPa).
- B. 175 psi (1207 kPa).
- C. 125 psi (862 kPa).
- D. 100 psi (689 kPa).
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Standpipe
Explore
175 psi (1207 kPa).
For standpipe systems containing 11/2 - 21/2 in. (40 - 65 mm) hose connection outlets without preconnected hose, a pressure regulating device is required when the pressure exceeds 175 psi (1207 kPa), according to NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2019 edition. This requirement applies to Class I and Class III standpipe systems, which are intended for use by fire department personnel or trained occupants. A pressure regulating device is a device that automatically reduces and controls the pressure of the water flowing through the hose connection outlet to a predetermined value.This device helps to prevent excessive pressure that could damage the hose, nozzle, or fittings, or cause difficulty in handling the hose stream123 References:
NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems1
Standpipe System Design and Calculations | NFPA | NFPA2
ENGINE COMPANY STANDPIPE OPERATIONS:PRESSURE-REGULATING DEVICES3
質問 # 36
The typical discharge coefficient of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp edges is?
- A. 0.95
- B. 0.8
- C. 0.75
- D. 0.62
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
0.62
The discharge coefficient of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp edges is a dimensionless number that indicates the ratio of the actual flow rate to the theoretical flow rate of the nozzle. The discharge coefficient depends on the geometry and the flow conditions of the nozzle. According to the web search results, the typical discharge coefficient of a solid stream nozzle for a standard orifice with sharp edges is about 0.62, which means that the actual flow rate is about 62% of the theoretical flow rate.This value is based on the experiments conducted by the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) and reported in the paper
"Discharge Coefficients of Fire Nozzles"1.The paper also provides a formula to calculate the discharge coefficient for different nozzle diameters and pressures123
質問 # 37
The types of overspray collectors associated with spray booths can be categorized into venturi scrubbers, waterfall scrubbers, dry filter, and
- A. cyclone separator.
- B. vertical oscillator.
- C. cartridge filter.
- D. baffle maze.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The types of overspray collectors associated with spray booths can be categorized into venturi scrubbers, waterfall scrubbers, dry filter, and cartridge filter. Venturi scrubbers use a high-velocity water spray to capture the overspray particles in a turbulent zone. Waterfall scrubbers use a curtain of water flowing over a perforated plate to wash down the overspray. Dry filter collectors use a series of filters, such as paper, fiberglass, or synthetic media, to trap the overspray. Cartridge filter collectors use pleated cartridges with high surface area and efficiency to capture the overspray. These collectors also have a self-cleaning mechanism that uses compressed air to dislodge the overspray from the cartridges.
References:Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booths and Paint Finishing Operations;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection;Spray Booth Filters: Types and Selection
質問 # 38
Dipping and coating processes should be separated from other operations, materials, or occupancies by location, fire walls, or
- A. operational procedures.
- B. fire partitions.
- C. process systems.
- D. exhaust systems
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Dipping and coating processes using flammable or combustible liquids pose a significant fire and explosion hazard and should be isolated from other operations, materials, or occupancies by location, fire walls, or operational procedures. Location refers to the physical separation of the process from other areas by distance or barriers. Fire walls are fire-resistance-rated assemblies that prevent the spread of fire from one side to the other. Operational procedures are rules or guidelines that regulate the conduct of the process and its personnel, such as limiting the amount of flammable or combustible liquids in use, controlling ignition sources, and providing adequate ventilation.
References: NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids, 2021 Edition, Section 4.21; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter
8, Section 8.3.12.
1:NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids2:Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8
質問 # 39
The two major principles used to determine egress width are the
- A. inverse and the evacuation method.
- B. stair width and floor method.
- C. flow and the capacity method.
- D. density and group method.
正解：C
質問 # 40
Large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids (all classes) are best transferred
- A. through piping by pumps.
- B. using inert gas pressure systems.
- C. using air pressure systems.
- D. by gravity flow.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids (all classes) are best transferred through piping by pumps. This method minimizes the risk of spills, leaks, fires, and explosions that may occur when transferring liquids by other means, such as air pressure, inert gas pressure, or gravity flow. Piping systems should be designed, installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code and other applicable standards. Piping systems should also include proper grounding and bonding, venting, and emergency shutoff devices to prevent static electricity, overpressure, and accidental release of liquids.
References: NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2021 Edition, Chapter 271; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8, Section 8.3.12.
質問 # 41
In considering the rating of audible appliances, in wide-open spaces, how many decibels does the sound pressure level (SPL) decrease every time the distance from the source is doubled?
- A. 16 dB
- B. 6 dB
- C. 4 dB
- D. 10 dB
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is B. In wide-open spaces, the sound pressure level (SPL) decreases by 6 decibels (dB) every time the distance from the source is doubled. This is known as the inverse square law of sound propagation, which states that the intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source.For example, if the SPL at 1 meter from the source is 100 dB, then the SPL at 2 meters from the source is 94 dB, and the SPL at 4 meters from the source is 88 dB123
質問 # 42
Which type of roof covering is most effective in preventing the spread of fires from flying brands?
- A. Class A
- B. Class B
- C. Class D
- D. Class C
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Class A roof coverings are the most effective in preventing the spread of fires from flying brands. Flying brands are burning embers or pieces of combustible material that are carried by the wind and can ignite other combustible materials or structures. Class A roof coverings are tested to withstand severe fire exposure from simulated fire sources, such as large burning brands, and do not produce flying brands themselves. Class A roof coverings include materials such as asphalt shingles, metal sheets, clay or concrete tiles, slate, and some types of synthetic membranes12. References:
Class A, B, and C Roof Ratings - UL
Fire-Resistant Roofs - Fire Safe Marin
質問 # 43
What type of smoke management method is referred to as smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or smoke extraction?
- A. Airflow
- B. Dilution
- C. Pressurization
- D. Compartmentation
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Smoke purging, smoke removal, smoke exhaust, or smoke extraction are different terms for the same type of smoke management method, which is airflow. Airflow is the method of controlling smoke by creating a flow of air that either pushes or pulls the smoke away from the desired areas. Airflow can be achieved by natural or mechanical means, such as vents, fans, or dampers. Airflow can also be used to create a smoke layer above the occupant level in large spaces, such as atriums or warehouses, by exhausting the hot smoke and supplying fresh air below the layer.References:Smoke Extraction System - NAFFCO Smoke Management;Post-Fire Smoke Purge Systems: When Are They Required? - NY Engineers; NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 21st Edition, Chapter 9, Section 9.2.1.
質問 # 44
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