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質問 # 15
Which capability is supported by Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Language service?
- A. Analyzing text to extract structured information like sentiment or entities
- B. Detecting objects and scenes in Images
- C. Translating speech into text
- D. Converting text into images
正解：A
解説：
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Language service is a cloud-based AI service for performing sophisticated text analysis at scale. It provides various capabilities to process unstructured text and extract structured information like sentiment or entities using natural language processing techniques. Some of the capabilities supported by Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Language service are:
Language Detection: Detects languages based on the provided text, and includes a confidence score.
Text Classification: Identifies the document category and subcategory that the text belongs to.
Named Entity Recognition: Identifies common entities, people, places, locations, email, and so on.
Key Phrase Extraction: Extracts an important set of phrases from a block of text.
Sentiment Analysis: Identifies aspects from the provided text and classifies each into positive, negative, or neutral polarity.
Text Translation: Translates text into the language of your choice.
Personal Identifiable Information: Identifies, classifies, and de-identifies private information in unstructured text Reference: : Language Overview - Oracle, AI Text Analysis at Scale | Oracle
質問 # 16
Which AI domain is associated with tasks such as recognizing forces in images and classifying objects?
- A. Anomaly Detection
- B. Computer Vision
- C. Natural Language Processing
- D. Speech Processing
正解：B
解説：
Computer Vision is an AI domain that is associated with tasks such as recognizing faces in images and classifying objects. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive meaningful information from digital images, videos, and other visual inputs, and to take actions or make recommendations based on that information. Computer vision works by applying machine learning and deep learning models to visual data, such as pixels, colors, shapes, textures, etc., and extracting features and patterns that can be used for various purposes. Some of the common techniques and applications of computer vision are:
Face recognition: Identifying or verifying the identity of a person based on their facial features.
Object detection: Locating and labeling objects of interest in an image or a video.
Object recognition: Classifying objects into predefined categories, such as animals, vehicles, fruits, etc.
Scene understanding: Analyzing the context and semantics of a visual scene, such as the location, time, weather, activity, etc.
Image segmentation: Partitioning an image into multiple regions that share similar characteristics, such as color, texture, shape, etc.
Image enhancement: Improving the quality or appearance of an image by applying filters, transformations, or corrections.
Image generation: Creating realistic or stylized images from scratch or based on some input data, such as sketches, captions, or attributes. Reference: : What is Computer Vision? | IBM, Computer vision - Wikipedia
質問 # 17
Which Deep Learning model is well-suited for processing sequential data, such as sentences?
- A. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
- B. Variational Autoencoder (VAE)
- C. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
- D. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
正解：C
解説：
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a type of deep learning algorithm that can process sequential data, such as sentences, speech, or time series. They are composed of recurrent units that have a loop that allows them to store information from previous inputs and pass it to the next inputs. This way, they can capture the temporal dependencies and context within a sequence. RNNs can be used for various natural language processing tasks, such as text generation, machine translation, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, etc. However, RNNs also suffer from some limitations, such as vanishing or exploding gradients, difficulty in modeling long-term dependencies, and high computational cost. Therefore, some variants and extensions of RNNs have been proposed to overcome these challenges, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Bidirectional RNN (BiRNN), Attention Mechanism, etc. Reference: : [Recurrent neural network - Wikipedia], [What are Recurrent Neural Networks? | IBM], [Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) in Machine Learning]
質問 # 18
What is the difference between Large Language Models (LLMs) and traditional machine learning models?
- A. LLMs are specifically designed for natural language processing and understanding.
- B. LLMs require labeled output for training.
- C. LLMs have a limited number of parameters compared to other models.
- D. LLMs focus on image recognition tasks.
正解：A
解説：
Large language models (LLMs) are a class of deep learning models that can recognize and generate natural language, among other tasks. LLMs are trained on huge sets of text data, learning grammar, semantics, and context. LLMs use the Transformer architecture, which relies on self-attention to process and understand the input and output sequences. LLMs can perform various natural language processing and understanding tasks based on the input provided, such as text summarization, question answering, text generation, and more34. Traditional machine learning models, on the other hand, are usually trained with specific statistical algorithms that deliver pre-defined outcomes. They often require labeled data and feature engineering, and they are not as flexible and adaptable as LLMs5. Reference: What are LLMs, and how are they used in generative AI?, An Introduction to LLMOps: Operationalizing and Managing Large Language Models using Azure ML, An Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs): How It Got ... - Labellerr
質問 # 19
Which capability is supported by the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vision service?
- A. Detecting and preventing fraud in financial transactions
- B. Analyzing historical data for unusual patterns
- C. Detecting and classifying objects in images
- D. Generating realistic Images from text
正解：C
解説：
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vision is a serverless, multi-tenant service, accessible using the Console, or over REST APIs. You can upload images to detect and classify objects in them. If you have lots of images, you can process them in batch using asynchronous API endpoints. Vision's features are thematically split between Document AI for document-centric images, and Image Analysis for object and scene-based images. Image Analysis supports both pretrained and custom models for object detection and image classification3. Reference: Vision - Oracle
質問 # 20
Which AI task involves audio generation from text?
- A. Audio recording
- B. Text summarization
- C. Text to speech
- D. Speech recognition
正解：C
解説：
Text to speech (TTS) is an AI task that involves audio generation from text. TTS is a technology that converts text into spoken audio using natural sounding voices. TTS can read aloud any text data, such as PDFs, websites, books, emails, etc., and provide an auditory format for accessing written content. TTS can be helpful for anyone who needs to listen to text data for various reasons, such as accessibility, convenience, multitasking, learning, entertainment, etc. TTS uses different techniques and models to generate speech from text data, such as:
Concatenative synthesis: Combining pre-recorded segments of human speech based on the phonetic units of the text.
Parametric synthesis: Generating speech signals from acoustic parameters derived from the text using statistical models.
Neural synthesis: Using deep neural networks to learn the mapping between text and speech features and produce high-quality speech signals.
Expressive synthesis: Adding emotions or styles to the speech output to make it more natural and engaging. Reference: : Text-to-Speech AI: Lifelike Speech Synthesis | Google Cloud, Text-to-speech synthesis - Wikipedia
質問 # 21
What is the primary function of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Speech service?
- A. Analyzing sentiment n text
- B. Recognizing objects in images
- C. Converting text into images
- D. Transcribing spoken language into written text
正解：D
解説：
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Speech is an AI service that applies automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology to transform audio-based content into text. Developers can easily make API calls to integrate Speech's pretrained models into their applications. Speech can be used for accurate, text-normalized, time-stamped transcription via the console and REST APIs as well as command-line interfaces or SDKs. You can also use Speech in an OCI Data Science notebook session. With Speech, you can filter profanities, get confidence scores for both single words and complete transcriptions, and more1. Reference: Speech AI Service that Uses ASR | OCI Speech - Oracle
質問 # 22
You are working on a project for a healthcare organization that wants to develop a system to predict the severity of patients' illnesses upon admission to a hospital. The goal is to classify patients into three categories - Low Risk, Moderate Risk, and High Risk - based on their medical history and vital signs.
Which type of supervised learning algorithm is required in this scenario?
- A. Clustering
- B. Binary Classification
- C. Multi-Class Classification
- D. Regression
正解：C
解説：
Multi-class classification is a type of supervised learning algorithm that is required in this scenario because the output variable has more than two classes. Multi-class classification is the problem of classifying instances into one of three or more classes. For example, classifying patients into low risk, moderate risk, or high risk based on their medical history and vital signs is a multi-class classification problem because each patient can only belong to one of these three classes. Multi-class classification can be solved by using various algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), naive Bayes, logistic regression, neural networks, etc. Some of these algorithms can naturally handle multi-class problems, while others need to be adapted by using strategies such as one-vs-one or one-vs-rest. Reference: : Multiclass classification - Wikipedia, Multiclass Classification- Explained in Machine Learning
質問 # 23
What is the primary purpose of reinforcement learning?
- A. Finding relationships within data sets
- B. Making predictions from labeled data
- C. Learning from outcomes to make decisions
- D. Identifying patterns in data
正解：C
解説：
Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that is based on learning from outcomes to make decisions. Reinforcement learning algorithms learn from their own actions and experiences in an environment, rather than from labeled data or explicit feedback. The goal of reinforcement learning is to find an optimal policy that maximizes a cumulative reward over time. A policy is a rule that determines what action to take in each state of the environment. A reward is a feedback signal that indicates how good or bad an action was for achieving a desired objective. Reinforcement learning involves a trial-and-error process of exploring different actions and observing their consequences, and then updating the policy accordingly. Some of the challenges and components of reinforcement learning are:
Exploration vs exploitation: Balancing between trying new actions that might lead to higher rewards in the future (exploration) and choosing known actions that yield immediate rewards (exploitation).
Markov decision process (MDP): A mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision making problems under uncertainty, where the outcomes depend only on the current state and action, not on the previous ones.
Value function: A function that estimates the expected long-term return of each state or state-action pair, based on the current policy.
Q-learning: A popular reinforcement learning algorithm that learns a value function called Q-function, which represents the quality of taking a certain action in a certain state.
Deep reinforcement learning: A branch of reinforcement learning that combines deep neural networks with reinforcement learning algorithms to handle complex and high-dimensional problems, such as playing video games or controlling robots. Reference: : Reinforcement learning - Wikipedia, What is Reinforcement Learning? - Overview of How it Works - Synopsys
質問 # 24
In machine learning, what does the term "model training" mean?
- A. Performing data analysis on collected and labeled data
- B. Analyzing the accuracy of a trained model
- C. Establishing a relationship between Input features and output
- D. Writing code for the entire program
正解：C
解説：
Model training is the process of finding the optimal values for the model parameters that minimize the error between the model predictions and the actual output. This is done by using a learning algorithm that iteratively updates the parameters based on the input features and the output1. Reference: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Documentation
質問 # 25
You are the lead developer of a Deep Learning research team, and you are tasked with improving the training speed of your deep neural networks. To accelerate the training process, you decide to leverage specialized hardware.
Which hardware component is commonly used in Deep Learning to accelerate model training?
- A. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
- B. Solid-State Drive (SSD)
- C. Random Access Memory (RAM)
- D. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
正解：A
解説：
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized hardware component that can perform parallel computations on large amounts of data. GPUs are widely used in deep learning to accelerate the training of deep neural networks, as they can execute many matrix operations and tensor operations simultaneously. GPUs can significantly reduce the training time and improve the performance of deep learning models compared to using CPUs alone678. Reference: Hardware Recommendations for Machine Learning / AI, New hardware offers faster computation for artificial intelligence ..., The Best Hardware for Machine Learning - ReHack, Hardware for Deep Learning Inference: How to Choose the Best One for ...
質問 # 26
How is "Prompt Engineering" different from "Fine-tuning" in the context of Large Language Models (LLMs)?
- A. Involves post-processing model outputs and optimizing hyper parameters
- B. Trains a model from scratch
- C. Guides the model's response using predefined prompts
- D. Customizes the model architecture
正解：C
解説：
Prompt engineering is the art of designing natural language instructions or queries that can elicit the desired response from a large language model. Prompt engineering does not modify the model parameters or architecture, but rather relies on the model's existing knowledge and capabilities. Prompt engineering can be used to perform various tasks such as text generation, sentiment analysis, and code completion, by providing the model with the appropriate context, format, and constraints67. Prompt engineering is also known as zero-shot learning or query-based learning. Reference: [2211.01910] Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01910), A developer's guide to prompt engineering and LLMs - The GitHub Blog
質問 # 27
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