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質問 # 13
Which type of machine learning is used to understand relationships within data and is not focused on making predictions or classifications?
- A. Reinforcement learning
- B. Supervised learning
- C. Active learning
- D. Unsupervised learning
正解：D
解説：
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that is used to understand relationships within data and is not focused on making predictions or classifications. Unsupervised learning algorithms work with unlabeled data, which means the data does not have predefined categories or outcomes. The goal of unsupervised learning is to discover hidden patterns, structures, or features in the data that can provide valuable insights or reduce complexity. Some of the common techniques and applications of unsupervised learning are:
Clustering: Grouping similar data points together based on their attributes or distances. For example, clustering can be used to segment customers based on their preferences, behavior, or demographics.
Dimensionality reduction: Reducing the number of variables or features in a dataset while preserving the essential information. For example, dimensionality reduction can be used to compress images, remove noise, or visualize high-dimensional data in lower dimensions.
Anomaly detection: Identifying outliers or abnormal data points that deviate from the normal distribution or behavior of the data. For example, anomaly detection can be used to detect fraud, network intrusion, or system failure.
Association rule mining: Finding rules that describe how variables or items are related or co-occur in a dataset. For example, association rule mining can be used to discover frequent itemsets in market basket analysis or recommend products based on purchase history. Reference: : Unsupervised learning - Wikipedia, What is Unsupervised Learning? | IBM
質問 # 14
How is Generative AI different from other AI approaches?
- A. Generative AI focuses on decision-making and optimization.
- B. Generative AI understands underlying data and creates new examples.
- C. Generative AI is used exclusively for text-based applications.
- D. Generative AI generates labeled outputs for training.
正解：B
解説：
Generative AI is a branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on creating new content or data based on the patterns and structure of existing data. Unlike other AI approaches that aim to recognize, classify, or predict data, generative AI aims to generate data that is realistic, diverse, and novel. Generative AI can produce various types of content, such as images, text, audio, video, software code, product designs, and more. Generative AI uses different techniques and models to learn from data and generate new examples, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), diffusion models, and foundation models. Generative AI has many applications across different domains and industries, such as art, entertainment, education, healthcare, engineering, marketing, and more. Reference: : Oracle Cloud Infrastructure AI - Generative AI, Generative artificial intelligence - Wikipedia
質問 # 15
How is "Prompt Engineering" different from "Fine-tuning" in the context of Large Language Models (LLMs)?
- A. Guides the model's response using predefined prompts
- B. Involves post-processing model outputs and optimizing hyper parameters
- C. Customizes the model architecture
- D. Trains a model from scratch
正解：A
解説：
Prompt engineering is the art of designing natural language instructions or queries that can elicit the desired response from a large language model. Prompt engineering does not modify the model parameters or architecture, but rather relies on the model's existing knowledge and capabilities. Prompt engineering can be used to perform various tasks such as text generation, sentiment analysis, and code completion, by providing the model with the appropriate context, format, and constraints67. Prompt engineering is also known as zero-shot learning or query-based learning. Reference: [2211.01910] Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01910), A developer's guide to prompt engineering and LLMs - The GitHub Blog
質問 # 16
Which AI domain is associated with tasks such as recognizing forces in images and classifying objects?
- A. Anomaly Detection
- B. Computer Vision
- C. Speech Processing
- D. Natural Language Processing
正解：B
解説：
Computer Vision is an AI domain that is associated with tasks such as recognizing faces in images and classifying objects. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive meaningful information from digital images, videos, and other visual inputs, and to take actions or make recommendations based on that information. Computer vision works by applying machine learning and deep learning models to visual data, such as pixels, colors, shapes, textures, etc., and extracting features and patterns that can be used for various purposes. Some of the common techniques and applications of computer vision are:
Face recognition: Identifying or verifying the identity of a person based on their facial features.
Object detection: Locating and labeling objects of interest in an image or a video.
Object recognition: Classifying objects into predefined categories, such as animals, vehicles, fruits, etc.
Scene understanding: Analyzing the context and semantics of a visual scene, such as the location, time, weather, activity, etc.
Image segmentation: Partitioning an image into multiple regions that share similar characteristics, such as color, texture, shape, etc.
Image enhancement: Improving the quality or appearance of an image by applying filters, transformations, or corrections.
Image generation: Creating realistic or stylized images from scratch or based on some input data, such as sketches, captions, or attributes. Reference: : What is Computer Vision? | IBM, Computer vision - Wikipedia
質問 # 17
You are working on a project for a healthcare organization that wants to develop a system to predict the severity of patients' illnesses upon admission to a hospital. The goal is to classify patients into three categories - Low Risk, Moderate Risk, and High Risk - based on their medical history and vital signs.
Which type of supervised learning algorithm is required in this scenario?
- A. Regression
- B. Multi-Class Classification
- C. Binary Classification
- D. Clustering
正解：B
解説：
Multi-class classification is a type of supervised learning algorithm that is required in this scenario because the output variable has more than two classes. Multi-class classification is the problem of classifying instances into one of three or more classes. For example, classifying patients into low risk, moderate risk, or high risk based on their medical history and vital signs is a multi-class classification problem because each patient can only belong to one of these three classes. Multi-class classification can be solved by using various algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVMs), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), naive Bayes, logistic regression, neural networks, etc. Some of these algorithms can naturally handle multi-class problems, while others need to be adapted by using strategies such as one-vs-one or one-vs-rest. Reference: : Multiclass classification - Wikipedia, Multiclass Classification- Explained in Machine Learning
質問 # 18
How does Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Anomaly Detection service contribute to fraud detection?
- A. By identifying abnormal patterns in data
- B. By transcribing spoken language
- C. By generating spoken language from text
- D. By analyzing text sentiment
正解：A
解説：
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Anomaly Detection is an AI service that provides real-time and batch anomaly detection for univariate and multivariate time series data. Through a simple user interface, organizations can create and train models to detect anomalies and identify unusual behavior, changes in trends, outliers, and more. Anomaly Detection can contribute to fraud detection by analyzing data from various sources, such as transactions, logs, sensors, or customer behavior, and alerting users when suspicious or fraudulent activities are detected2. Reference: Anomaly Detection | Oracle
質問 # 19
What is the difference between classification and regression in Supervised Machine Learning?
- A. Classification assigns data points to categories, whereas regression predicts continuous values.
- B. Classification and regression both predict continuous values.
- C. Classification predicts continuous values, whereas regression assigns data points to categories.
- D. Classification and regression both assign data points to categories.
正解：A
解説：
Classification and regression are two subtypes of supervised learning in machine learning. The main difference between them is the type of output variable they deal with. Classification assigns data points to discrete categories based on some criteria or rules. For example, classifying emails into spam or not spam based on their content is a classification problem because the output variable is binary (spam or not spam). Regression predicts continuous values for data points based on their input features. For example, predicting house prices based on their size, location, amenities, etc., is a regression problem because the output variable is continuous (house price). Classification and regression use different types of algorithms and metrics to evaluate their performance. Reference: : Oracle Cloud Infrastructure AI - Machine Learning Concepts, Classification vs Regression in Machine Learning | by ...
質問 # 20
How do Large Language Models (LLMs) handle the trade-off between model size, data quality, data size and performance?
- A. They prioritize larger model sizes to achieve better performance.
- B. They focus on increasing the number of tokens while keeping the model size constant.
- C. They disregard model size and prioritize high-quality data only.
- D. They ensure that the model size, training time, and data size are balanced for optimal results.
正解：A
解説：
Large language models are trained on massive amounts of data to capture the complexity and diversity of natural language. Larger model sizes mean more parameters, which enable the model to learn more patterns and nuances from the data. Larger models also tend to generalize better to new tasks and domains. However, larger models also require more computational resources, data quality, and data size to train and deploy. Therefore, large language models handle the trade-off by prioritizing larger model sizes to achieve better performance, while using various techniques to optimize the training and inference efficiency4. Reference: Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Oracle
質問 # 21
What is the difference between Large Language Models (LLMs) and traditional machine learning models?
- A. LLMs require labeled output for training.
- B. LLMs have a limited number of parameters compared to other models.
- C. LLMs are specifically designed for natural language processing and understanding.
- D. LLMs focus on image recognition tasks.
正解：C
解説：
Large language models (LLMs) are a class of deep learning models that can recognize and generate natural language, among other tasks. LLMs are trained on huge sets of text data, learning grammar, semantics, and context. LLMs use the Transformer architecture, which relies on self-attention to process and understand the input and output sequences. LLMs can perform various natural language processing and understanding tasks based on the input provided, such as text summarization, question answering, text generation, and more34. Traditional machine learning models, on the other hand, are usually trained with specific statistical algorithms that deliver pre-defined outcomes. They often require labeled data and feature engineering, and they are not as flexible and adaptable as LLMs5. Reference: What are LLMs, and how are they used in generative AI?, An Introduction to LLMOps: Operationalizing and Managing Large Language Models using Azure ML, An Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs): How It Got ... - Labellerr
質問 # 22
Which AI domain is associated with tasks such as identifying the sentiment of text and translating text between languages?
- A. Natural Language Processing
- B. Anomaly Detection
- C. Speech Processing
- D. Computer Vision
正解：A
解説：
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an AI domain that is associated with tasks such as identifying the sentiment of text and translating text between languages. NLP is an interdisciplinary field that combines computer science, linguistics, and artificial intelligence to enable computers to process and understand natural language data, such as text or speech. NLP involves various techniques and applications, such as:
Text analysis: Extracting meaningful information from text data, such as keywords, entities, topics, sentiments, emotions, etc.
Text generation: Producing natural language text from structured or unstructured data, such as summaries, captions, headlines, stories, etc.
Machine translation: Translating text or speech from one language to another automatically and accurately.
Question answering: Retrieving relevant answers to natural language questions from a knowledge base or a document collection.
Speech recognition: Converting speech signals into text or commands.
Speech synthesis: Converting text into speech signals with natural sounding voices.
Natural language understanding: Interpreting the meaning and intent of natural language inputs and generating appropriate responses.
Natural language generation: Creating natural language outputs that are coherent, fluent, and relevant to the context. Reference: : What is Natural Language Processing? | IBM, Natural language processing - Wikipedia
質問 # 23
What is the purpose of fine-tuning Large Language Models?
- A. To Increase the complexity of the model architecture
- B. To prevent the model from overfitting
- C. To specialize the model's capabilities for specific tasks
- D. To reduce the number of parameters in the model
正解：C
解説：
Fine-tuning is the process of updating the model parameters on a new task and dataset, using a pre-trained large language model as the starting point. Fine-tuning allows the model to adapt to the specific context and domain of the new task, and improve its performance and accuracy. Fine-tuning can be used to customize the model's capabilities for specific tasks such as text classification, named entity recognition, and machine translation82. Fine-tuning is also known as transfer learning or task-based learning. Reference: A Complete Guide to Fine Tuning Large Language Models, Finetuning Large Language Models - DeepLearning.AI
質問 # 24
Which type of machine learning is used for already labeled data sets?
- A. Reinforcement learning
- B. Supervised learning
- C. Active learning
- D. Unsupervised earning
正解：B
解説：
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning that uses labeled data sets to train algorithms that can classify data or predict outcomes. Labeled data sets are data sets that have both input features and output labels for each instance. For example, a labeled data set for image classification would have images as input features and the corresponding categories (such as dog, cat, bird, etc.) as output labels. Supervised learning algorithms learn the relationship between the input features and the output labels from the training data set and then use that relationship to make predictions on new or unseen data. Supervised learning can be divided into two subtypes: classification and regression. Classification is the task of assigning discrete categories to data instances, such as spam or not spam for emails. Regression is the task of predicting continuous values for data instances, such as house prices or stock prices. Reference: : Oracle Cloud Infrastructure AI - Machine Learning Concepts, What is Supervised Learning? | IBM
質問 # 25
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