試験高合格率保証2025年02月06日 PSK-I試験問題と正確な回答！
テストエンジン練習問題PSK-I有効最新の問題集
質問 # 21
True or False: In Scrum, the Developers are required to conform to the Definition of Done. When adding Kanban to Scrum, they will also need to conform to their Definition of Workflow.
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 22
True or False: Components of the Scrum framework needs to be adapted when Scrum Teams start using Kanban. Choose only ONE best answer.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：B
質問 # 23
True or False: Scrum events can be further enhanced by applying flow-based practices.
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 24
Which of these are typically included in the Definition of Workflow policies?
(Choose the best six answers)
- A. Work Item types.
- B. Visualization policies.
- C. Definition of Done.
- D. The Increment.
- E. Gantt chart.
- F. Pull/prioritization policies.
- G. Service Level Expectations.
- H. WIP limits.
- I. Burndown chart.
正解：A、B、C、F、G、H
解説：
The Definition of Workflow should include policies that dictate how work flows through the system, such as Visualization policies, Pull policies, WIP Limits, Service Level Expectations, Work Item types, and the Definition of Done. These elements help the Scrum Team maintain transparency and consistency in their process, enhancing predictability and facilitating continuous improvement. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 25
Which is the LEAST accurate description of Cycle Time? (choose the best answer)
- A. The length of time from starting work on the item to when it is finished.
- B. The total amount of time an item is in a state/column.
- C. The length of time a work item takes from idea stage to feedback from users after release to production.
- D. The quantity/number of items that are delivered within a specified period of time.
正解：D
質問 # 26
Upon which of the five Scrum Values does Professional Scrum with Kanban build?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Professionalism.
- B. Openness.
- C. Focus.
- D. Transparency.
- E. Courage.
正解：B、C、E
解説：
Professional Scrum with Kanban builds upon the core Scrum values to enhance flow and effectiveness within the team. The relevant values are:
*Courage: Encourages team members to address issues, experiment with changes in the workflow, and make adjustments transparently, even when facing uncertainty.
*Focus: Enhances the team's ability to concentrate on achieving the Sprint Goal and flow of work items by using Work in Progress (WIP) limits and other Kanban practices.
*Openness: Promotes an open environment where the team transparently shares information on work progress, obstacles, and opportunities for improvement, which is key for continuous inspection and adaptation in Kanban.
These values directly support the empirical process control and continuous improvement principles of Kanban
質問 # 27
Which of the following helps Scrum Teams, that use Kanban, from exceeding their capacity limits? (choose the best answer)
- A. Explicit Work In Progress (WIP) Limit policies.
- B. Managing individual workloads of team members.
- C. Having daily meetings about work in progress.
- D. Setting a robust Kanban workflow.
正解：A
質問 # 28
What is the flow metric used to forecast the number of items that will be finished per unit of time. (choose the best answer)
- A. Throughput.
- B. Work in Progress (WIP).
- C. Lead time.
- D. Cycle time.
正解：A
質問 # 29
Reducing batch sizes might have the following impact: (choose all that apply)
- A. Higher motivation due to seeing your work get done and deliver value earlier.
- B. Lower efficiency due to overhead/transaction costs in case the batch size is too small.
- C. Highlight a need to improve processes/infrastructure to reduce the pain of frequent costly overhead.
- D. Improving efficiency due to faster feedback loops.
正解：A、B、C、D
質問 # 30
True or False: Little's Law is used to forecast a Scrum Team's output.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
* Little's Lawestablishes a relationship between three flow metrics:Work in Progress (WIP),Cycle Time, andThroughput. It provides insights into how changes in one metric affect the others in a stable system.
* Little's Law is used to understand and manage flow within a system but isnot a forecasting tool for output or future performance. It assumes a stable and predictable system where the input and output rates are consistent.
Why Not True?
* Forecasting requires variability, historical data, and often different statistical models. While Little's Law supports system predictability and capacity planning, it does not directly project future Scrum Team outputs or delivery dates.
Thus, Little's Law helps teams analyze and optimize flow but is not used for forecasting.
質問 # 31
True or False: The Developers always have ownership of the definition of "Workflow" regardless of whether it encompasses flow inside and/or outside of the Sprint.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：B
質問 # 32
What are the two things that constitute a Kanban board?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
- B. Class of service.
- C. Swim lanes per Product Backlog item type.
- D. Visualization of your Workflow.
正解：A、D
解説：
A Kanban board is primarily used for visualizing the Workflow and managing WIP Limits. This visualization helps Scrum Teams make the flow of work transparent, track progress, and manage bottlenecks effectively.
Limiting WIP ensures a pull-based flow, where new tasks are only started when there is available capacity, preventing overburdening the team. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 33
True or False: Cycle time is considered a lagging indicator.
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 34
What qualitative information can you get from a Cycle Time Scatterplot?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Single Cycle Time outliers.
- B. General Cycle Time trends.
- C. All of the answers.
- D. Clusters of Cycle Time outliers.
正解：C
解説：
A Cycle Time Scatterplot is a visualization tool used to display the cycle times for individual work items over time. This scatterplot provides several types of qualitative information:
1.General Cycle Time Trends (Option A): The scatterplot can show general trends over time, such as whether the cycle times are decreasing, increasing, or staying stable. This helps teams understand the overall direction in which their workflow efficiency is moving.
2.Single Cycle Time Outliers (Option B): The scatterplot also helps identify individual outliers - work items that took significantly longer or shorter than usual to complete. These outliers can be further investigated to understand why they occurred and to prevent similar situations in the future.
3.Clusters of Cycle Time Outliers (Option C): In addition to single outliers, the scatterplot may reveal clusters of outliers. These clusters can indicate systemic issues, such as bottlenecks or recurring problems in a specific part of the process.
Since a Cycle Time Scatterplot provides all these types of information (general trends, single outliers, and clusters of outliers), the correct answer is D.
質問 # 35
What might a Scrum Team visualize with Kanban?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. The Sprint Backlog.
- B. The Sprint Retrospective.
- C. The Definition of Done.
- D. The Product Backlog.
正解：A、C、D
解説：
When a Scrum Team uses Kanban, they can visualize:
*The Product Backlog: By making the Product Backlog visible, the team can track what work items are upcoming and prioritize them effectively.
*The Sprint Backlog: Visualizing the Sprint Backlog helps the team see the work planned for the current Sprint, track progress, and manage flow.
*The Definition of Done: Making the Definition of Done visible ensures that all team members and stakeholders understand the criteria that must be met for work to be considered complete
質問 # 36
When can a Work in Progress (WIP) Limit change?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Only during the Sprint Retrospective.
- B. When the Product Owner decides to change it.
- C. At any time.
- D. Only during Sprint Planning.
- E. It never changes.
- F. Only during the Daily Scrum.
正解：C
解説：
* Work in Progress (WIP) Limitscan be adjustedat any timeas needed to optimize flow and improve the system's efficiency. The decision to adjust WIP limits is typically informed by the team's observations of flow metrics (e.g., Cycle Time, Throughput, and Work Item Age) or to address bottlenecks or inefficiencies.
Supporting Reasons:
* Kanban's Flexibility:
* Unlike rigid frameworks, Kanban allows for flexibility in changing WIP limits whenever necessary to adapt to evolving conditions.
* Scrum Events:
* Adjustments to WIP limits are often discussed during events like theSprint Retrospectiveor Daily Scrum, but these are not the only times changes can be made.
* Empirical Process Control:
* Teams use transparency, inspection, and adaptation to decide when to change WIP limits based on real-time needs.
Why Not the Other Options?
* B. When the Product Owner decides to change it:
* Incorrect. WIP limits are a team decision and are not controlled solely by the Product Owner.
* C. It never changes:
* Incorrect. WIP limits are not static; they are dynamic and evolve based on team and system needs.
* D. Only during the Sprint Retrospective:
* Incorrect. While the Sprint Retrospective is a common time to discuss adjustments, changes are not restricted to this event.
* E. Only during Sprint Planning:
* Incorrect. Sprint Planning focuses on selecting work for the Sprint, not exclusively on adjusting WIP limits.
* F. Only during the Daily Scrum:
* Incorrect. Adjustments can be made during the Daily Scrum but are not limited to this event.
Adjusting WIP limits at any time ensures the team maintains an optimal flow, a core principle ofThe Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 37
What can occur if you were to reduce batch sizes? (Choose all that apply)
- A. Higher motivation due to seeing your work get done and deliver value earlier.
- B. Improved efficiency due to faster feedback loops.
- C. Lower efficiency due to overhead / transaction costs in case the batch size is too small.
- D. Highlight a need to work to improve processes/infrastructure to reduce the pain of frequent costly overhead.
正解：A、B、C、D
質問 # 38
In what ways can Work in Progress (WIP) limits help a Scrum Team? (choose the best answer)
- A. Realization of value sooner.
- B. Increased collaboration.
- C. A more sustainable pace.
- D. Provide shorter feedback loops.
- E. All of the answers.
正解：E
質問 # 39
True or False: A leading indicator for the length of the feedback loop, for an in progress item, can be its Work Item Age.
- A. FALSE
- B. TRUE
正解：B
質問 # 40
True or False: A team should change their WIP limit, at the Daily Scrum, if an urgent unplanned item enters a Sprint and the team is at the maximum WIP limit.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：B
質問 # 41
What is a probabilistic forecast intended to communicate?
(choose the best answer)
- A. The best way to predict the future performance of a team.
- B. A guarantee of when a certain amount of scope will be complete.
- C. A forecast based on past performance that can help discussions about the likelihood
正解：C
解説：
of achieving a certain goal in a given time frame.
Explanation:
A probabilistic forecast is intended to communicate a prediction based on historical data, showing the likelihood of completing a certain amount of work within a given time frame. It helps the team and stakeholders understand the probability of meeting certain goals or deadlines based on past performance, supporting more informed decision-making
質問 # 42
What are possible benefits of supplementing Scrum with Kanban practices?
(choose the best four answers)
- A. Introduces better transparency into state of Work in
Progress (WIP). - B. Removes the need for the Sprint Planning event.
- C. May reduce the average Cycle Time.
- D. May help to discover areas of variability within your Sprint.
- E. Scrum Teams no longer need the Sprint time box.
- F. Allows teams to release multiple times a Sprint.
- G. May result in greater collaboration within the Scrum Team.
正解：A、C、D、G
解説：
Supplementing Scrum with Kanban practices can bring several benefits to a Scrum Team:
*Greater Collaboration (A): By using Kanban practices like visualizing work and managing flow, team members have clearer visibility into each other's tasks, fostering better collaboration.
*Reduced Average Cycle Time (C): Kanban's focus on flow and limiting WIP helps decrease the time it takes for items to move from start to finish.
*Better Transparency (D): Kanban practices enhance visibility into the current state of work, making it easier to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
*Discover Areas of Variability (E): The use of flow metrics such as cycle time and throughput in Kanban can help identify variability in processes, enabling the team to make adjustments for more predictable delivery
質問 # 43
True or False: Kanban can be used to help improve the flow of the Sprint. It can also be used to help improve the flow of work in/out of the Sprint. Regardless, the Kanban Definition of Workflow is owned by the Developers.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
質問 # 44
When using Kanban in a Scrum environment, some resistance toward introducing Work in Progress (WIP) Limits may be encountered. What is an alternative to introducing WIP Limits in Kanban?
- A. None, Professional Scrum with Kanban cannot be used without explicit WIP Limits.
- B. Building a strong team identity using Squads and tribes.
- C. Using Kanban boards that improve visualization and enhance communication.
- D. Conducting Daily Stand-Up meetings that control not having too much work.
正解：C
解説：
Although WIP limits are central to Kanban, enhancing visualization and communication through Kanban boards can be a way to ease into WIP limits gradually. This alternative fosters transparency and alignment without directly imposing WIP constraints, which can be beneficial for teams adjusting to Kanban practices. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 45
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