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質問 # 26
What can happen if the Scrum Team's Work In Progress (WIP) Limit is not honored? (choose the best answer)
- A. Feedback loops become shorter.
- B. Concurrent operations will slow down.
- C. Processes will suffer from inefficiency.
- D. Team throughput increases.
正解：C
質問 # 27
When using Kanban, it is useful to have explicit policies. What existing elements in the Scrum Guide might be used as explicit policies?
- A. Definition of Done.
- B. Definition of Ready.
- C. All of the above.
- D. Product Backlog refinement.
正解：C
解説：
Kanban emphasizes explicit policies for better transparency and alignment, and elements such as the Definition of Done, Definition of Ready, and Product Backlog refinement can be utilized as explicit policies to clarify the Scrum Team's working agreements. These policies help the team make consistent decisions and streamline their processes. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams and The Scrum Guide.
質問 # 28
True or False: In a flow-based system, the number of tasks is not necessarily limited, rather the amount of value-generating work items is limited.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
質問 # 29
In which of these situations should the Scrum Team adjust their Work in Progress (WIP) Limits?
- A. When they have extra capacity during the Sprint and want to start some new work items from the Sprint Backlog.
- B. When they want to improve their Cycle Time, flow, and focus.
- C. When they see that the average story size they are working on is growing.
- D. When there is unplanned urgent work that emerges during the Sprint.
正解：B
解説：
Adjusting WIP limits can directly impact Cycle Time and overall flow by reducing bottlenecks and increasing focus. Lowering WIP can enhance the team's ability to complete work within a Sprint by minimizing task switching and promoting faster delivery of value. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 30
True or False: Cycle time is considered a lagging indicator.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：A
質問 # 31
In the middle of a Sprint, a Product Owner has requested the Developers to add a new urgent item to their Sprint Backlog. The team is currently at their WIP Limit.
Which would be the two most appropriate responses? (choose the two best answers)
- A. Adjust the WIP Limits to allow for taking on the extra item and update their definition of Workflow.
- B. Take on the urgent item as an exception to the WIP Limits, pushing this item along on top of the existing flow and note a WIP exception.
- C. Add the urgent item to their Sprint Backlog but only start working on that new item when enough room frees up.
- D. Reject the urgent item because the WIP Limits do not allow it. Tell the Product Owner to wait until the next Sprint.
正解：B、C
質問 # 32
What flow metric best indicates when multiple items from the Product Backlog will be finished?
- A. Cycle Time.
- B. Throughput.
- C. Work Item Age.
- D. Work in Progress (WIP).
正解：A
解説：
Cycle Time measures the time it takes for a single work item to go from start to completion. By understanding Cycle Time, a team can forecast when multiple items from the Product Backlog will likely be finished based on the average duration it takes to complete an item. This is essential in Kanban as it provides insight into the delivery timeline and is crucial for planning and predictability within a Scrum context. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 33
A cumulative flow diagram can show you:
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. The average Throughput for a specific date range.
- B. The exact average Cycle Time for all items completed on a specific date.
- C. The Cycle Time for an item that completed on a specific date.
- D. The total amount of Work in Progress (WIP) for a specific date.
正解：C、D
解説：
A cumulative flow diagram (CFD) provides insights into the amount of WIP and helps track Cycle Time by showing how long items stay in each stage of the workflow. This visualization tool is valuable for teams using Scrum with Kanban as it highlights bottlenecks and helps manage flow through the stages of the workflow. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 34
A Scrum Team's service level expectation (SLE) is an input into the various Scrum events. In which event will SLE provide the most benefit towards maintaining good flow?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Daily Scrum.
- B. Sprint Review.
- C. Sprint Planning.
- D. Sprint Retrospective.
正解：A
解説：
The Service Level Expectation (SLE) provides the most benefit during the Daily Scrum. This is because the Daily Scrum is focused on inspecting the progress towards the Sprint Goal and adapting the plan to optimize the flow of work for the day. The SLE helps the Scrum Team understand if work items are on track to be completed within the expected time frames. If the actual cycle times are exceeding the SLE, the team can discuss and make adjustments during the Daily Scrum to address any impediments or to rebalance work, thereby maintaining a steady flow.
By using the SLE in the Daily Scrum, the team gets a daily, empirical measure of their workflow, allowing them to make quick decisions to keep work moving smoothly and predictably. This aligns well with the goal of the Daily Scrum, which is to ensure that the team is on track to achieve the Sprint Goal by the end of the Sprint(
質問 # 35
A Service Level Expectation (SLE) forecast is a calculation about the future completion of an item that includes two things. What are those two things?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. A velocity.
- B. A range of elapsed days.
- C. A commitment.
- D. A probability.
正解：B、D
解説：
An SLE indicates the expected time frame within which work items should be completed, expressed as a percentage probability over a specific range of days. This helps Scrum Teams using Kanban to establish realistic expectations about delivery timelines. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 36
In the context of Scrum, which of the following statements about Cycle Time are true?
(Choose the best two answers)
- A. Cycle Time should be exactly the length of a Sprint.
- B. Average Cycle Time should be shorter than a length of Sprint.
- C. Cycle Time for some Product Backlog items might be longer than a length of Sprint.
正解：B、C
解説：
Cycle Time measures the time taken to complete individual work items, and while some items might take longer than a Sprint, on average, teams aim to have Cycle Times shorter than the Sprint duration to ensure a smooth flow and regular delivery of value. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 37
Scrum Teams using Kanban can start to increase predictability by:
- A. Improving transparency by having a CFD: Control Chart and Aging chart.
- B. Reducing the amount of work in progress by introducing Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
- C. Visualizing the Workflow using a Kanban board.
- D. Inspecting and adapting the Product Backlog during the Sprint Review.
正解：B
解説：
By limiting WIP, Scrum Teams using Kanban create a more predictable flow, as it prevents the team from overcommitting and encourages them to finish work items before starting new ones. This aligns with Kanban's principle of optimizing flow and Scrum's iterative delivery approach. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 38
True or False: A result of having Work in Progress (WIP) limits is that it creates a pull system.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：A
質問 # 39
Which of the following are considered lagging indicators? (choose the best three answers)
- A. Throughput metrics.
- B. Work Item Aging metrics.
- C. Cycle Time metrics.
- D. Velocity metrics.
- E. Work in Progress metrics.
正解：A、C、D
質問 # 40
Which of the following is NOT true about cycle time when applied to Scrum? (choose the best answer)
- A. Average cycle time should be shorter than a Sprint time-box.
- B. Cycle time for some Product Backlog items might be longer than the Sprint time-box.
- C. Cycle time should be the same length as the Sprint time-box.
正解：C
質問 # 41
According to Little's Law, which of the following statements is true if a team reduces its Work in Progress (WIP) limit? (choose the best two answers)
- A. Value of each backlog item completed likely will go up.
- B. In a given time period, the average number of Product Backlog items (throughput) completed will likely increase.
- C. Quality of work completed will likely increase.
- D. Average time between starting and finishing (cycle time) of Product Backlog items will likely decrease.
正解：B、D
質問 # 42
True or False: The purpose of a Scrum Team's Service Level Expectation (SLE) is to allow teams to give each Product Backlog item a commitment to a due date as part of Sprint Planning.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：A
質問 # 43
A team is using Kanban to improve the Sprint flow by visualizing and managing flow in the Sprint Backlog.
Which of the following would be most helpful to visualize?
- A. Flow of only User Stories.
- B. Flow of Story Points.
- C. Flow of invested effort.
- D. Flow of tasks.
- E. Flow of Product Backlog items.
正解：E
質問 # 44
Which of these is NOT a good description of Cycle Time?
(choose the best answer)
- A. The time a work item takes from initial idea/concept to feedback returned from customers after a production release.
- B. The number of items that move into the delivery/end point per time period (e.g., daily/weekly).
- C. The time a work item starts until when it finishes.
- D. The length of time a work item stays in one column.
正解：B
解説：
Cycle Time in the context of Professional Scrum with Kanban is defined as the time it takes for a single work item to move from the start to the end of a specific process or workflow. This metric is crucial for understanding how efficiently a team can process individual work items through their defined workflow stages.
* Option A describes a broader measurement from the initial concept to customer feedback post-release. This could align more with the concept of Lead Time rather than Cycle Time.
* Option B correctly describes a possible measurement for Cycle Time - the time a work item spends in one specific column (workflow stage). This is in line with the definitions provided in the Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams, where Cycle Time can measure time within distinct parts of the workflow.
* Option D accurately reflects the definition of Cycle Time, which measures the elapsed time from when work starts on an item until it is completed.
* Option C describes "Throughput," which is a measure of the number of items delivered over a specific time period (e.g., daily or weekly). This is not related to Cycle Time but is a separate flow metric often used alongside Cycle Time to understand team performance and capacity better( Thus, Option C is the correct answer as it does not correctly describe Cycle Time. This explanation is verified with resources from Scrum.org that define Cycle Time within the scope of Professional Scrum with Kanban practices.
質問 # 45
Which of these statements about Sprints and Kanban is NOT correct?
- A. The Sprint is an example of an explicit policy for how a team is working.
- B. A Scrum Team will eventually stop using Sprints if they correctly implement Kanban.
- C. The Sprint is an example of a cadence.
- D. The Sprint is an example of limiting Work in Progress (WIP).
正解：B
解説：
Sprints remain a core aspect of the Scrum framework, regardless of the use of Kanban. Sprints provide a time-boxed cadence and structure that is integral to Scrum. The addition of Kanban practices enhances Scrum but does not replace the need for Sprints. Reference: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 46
True or False: Using a flow-based perspective can enhance the Scrum events.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
正解：A
質問 # 47
Workflow can be thought of as the Scrum Team's policy for which of the following? (choose the best answer)
- A. Defining when development is complete and validation begins.
- B. What completed work looks like.
- C. How to increase the Team's WIP limit.
- D. How to get work done.
正解：D
質問 # 48
What are desired benefits of applying Kanban practices in a Scrum Team? (choose the best four answers)
- A. Removes the need for the Sprint Review resulting in a higher velocity.
- B. Uncovering areas of improvement within the Sprint.
- C. Increased collaboration between the Developers.
- D. Scrum Teams can release larger increments in a shorter period of time.
- E. Scrum Teams are no longer limited by Sprint time-boxes.
- F. Increased transparency on the Work in Progress (WIP) state of the work items.
- G. For a work item, the average cycle time may be reduced.
正解：B、C、F、G
質問 # 49
What does it mean when a Scrum Team chooses to communicate an 85% 5-day service level expectation (SLE)?
- A. The team promises to have 85% of all Product Backlog items done within 5 days.
- B. The team expects they will complete a work item within 5 days of when they start working on it 85% of the time.
- C. In the last Sprint, the team has been able to complete 85% of Product Backlog items within 5 days of starting work on the item.
- D. The team can get any critical system backup within 5 days.
正解：B
解説：
An SLE of 85% for 5 days signifies that the team anticipates they will complete items within 5 days, 85% of the time. This helps set clear expectations with stakeholders, ensuring transparency around potential delivery timelines. The SLE is based on historical data and provides a probability-based forecast, rather than a commitment. References: The Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.
質問 # 50
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