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ISQI TMMi-P_Syll2.1 認定試験の出題範囲：
| トピック | 出題範囲 |
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| トピック 1 |
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| トピック 2 |
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| トピック 3 |
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| トピック 4 |
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| トピック 5 |
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質問 # 28
Which of the following is NOT a specific goal for the process area Non-Functional Testing?
- A. Perform Non-Functional Test Implementation
- B. Perform a Non-functional Product Risk Assessment
- C. Perform Non-Functional Test Analysis and Design
- D. Establish a Non-functional Test Plan
正解：D
解説：
The process area Non-functional Testing at TMMi Level 3 focuses on performing a structured test execution process for non-functional attributes of the system. The specific goals for this process area include:
Perform a Non-functional Product Risk Assessment
Perform Non-functional Test Analysis and Design
Perform Non-functional Test Implementation
The creation of a specific non-functional test plan is not explicitly listed as a goal within this process area, although defining a non-functional test approach is addressed. Hence, "Establish a Non-functional Test Plan" (B) is not a specific goal of the Non-functional Testing process are.
質問 # 29
Study the following description:
"Testing is a thoroughly defined, well-founded and measurable process. Testing is perceived as evaluation; it consists of all lifecycle activities concerned with checking products and related work products." To which TMMi maturity level does this description apply?
- A. TMMi Level 3 Defined
- B. TMMi Level 4 Measured
- C. TMMi Level 2 Managed
- D. TMMi Level 5 Optimization
正解：B
解説：
The description provided, "Testing is a thoroughly defined, well-founded, and measurable process. Testing is perceived as evaluation; it consists of all lifecycle activities concerned with checking products and related work products," corresponds to TMMi Level 4, which is labelled "Measured." At this level, testing processes are quantitatively measured, and there is a strong focus on evaluating product and process quality using quantitative metrics. Testing is integrated throughout the lifecycle and becomes a predictable, measurable process that supports organisational goals.
Reference:
"TMMi Level 4 organisations have a test process that is defined, well-founded, and measurable. Testing is perceived as evaluation and encompasses all lifecycle activities related to checking products and work products".
質問 # 30
To which TMMi level 4 process area does the specific practice "Define a co approach is defined that co-ordinates both static and dynamic testing?
- A. Test Measurement
- B. This is not a specific practice of a TMMi level 4 process area
- C. Product Quality Evaluation
- D. Advanced Reviews
正解：D
解説：
The specific practice "Define a coordinated approach that coordinates both static and dynamic testing" is part of the Advanced Reviews process area at TMMi Level 4. The goal of this process area is to integrate static and dynamic testing, particularly through peer reviews, which helps optimise both defect detection and product quality management throughout the lifecycle.
質問 # 31
The three TMMi level 5 process areas. Defect Prevention, Quality Control and Test Process Optimization, all provide support for continuous process improvement.
Which of the following statements on the relationship between these process areas is correct?
- A. Quality Control supports Defect Prevention by evaluating new testing technologies and determining their impact on the testing process.
- B. Test Process Optimization supports Quality Control by analysing outliers to process performance and by implementing practices to prevent defect re-occurrence.
- C. Quality Control supports Defect Prevention by implementing test improvement proposals
- D. Defect Prevention supports Test Process Optimization by submitting test improvement proposals
正解：D
解説：
At TMMi Level 5, the process areas Defect Prevention, Quality Control, and Test Process Optimization work together to support continuous process improvement. Specifically:
Defect Prevention focuses on identifying and analysing common causes of defects and proposing corrective actions to prevent them from recurring. This includes submitting test improvement proposals, which help Test Process Optimization fine-tune the testing process through these insights.
While Quality Control supports Defect Prevention through statistical methods and analysis, the correct relationship between Defect Prevention and Test Process Optimization involves submitting test improvement proposals to optimise the process.
質問 # 32
Improvement models can have a staged and/or continuous representation. The TMMi has been developed as a staged model. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding a staged model?
- A. The process areas of a staged model can be achieved at different capability levels
- B. A staged model defines organizational maturity levels with a set of coherent process areas
- C. The process areas of a staged model are provided in a pre-defined order.
- D. A staged model typically allows for certification and benchmarking
正解：A
解説：
This statement is not true regarding a staged model. In a staged model, such as TMMi, organisations must follow a pre-defined path through maturity levels, and the process areas are organised in a fixed order that must be achieved sequentially. Each maturity level forms the foundation for the next, meaning that an organisation cannot achieve process areas at different capability levels independently, as is possible in a continuous model like CMMI. The staged model is designed to ensure that each process area is fully implemented and institutionalised before progressing to the next maturity level.
Reference:
"A staged model uses predefined sets of process areas to define an improvement path, which must be followed in sequence".
質問 # 33
How does TMMi support test process improvement in an Agile context?
- A. By imposing a set of required testing practices to an Agile project.
- B. By using TMMi as a reminder of critical testing practices that are often not defined or forgotten in Agile development methodologies.
- C. By using only the test engineering related process areas, and omitting anything that is related to improving at an organizational level.
- D. By having a focus on defining lean test processes with an Agile mindset.
正解：B
解説：
In Agile environments, TMMi is often used to complement the Agile methodology by providing structured guidance on critical testing practices that may be overlooked. While Agile focuses on flexibility and responsiveness, TMMi can remind organisations of essential practices that ensure thorough testing, such as formal reviews or defect management. The TMMi framework does not impose strict processes but offers structured support for critical test process improvements that align with Agile principles.
Reference:
"TMMi supports Agile by providing structured reminders of critical testing practices, ensuring they are not forgotten in the Agile workflow".
質問 # 34
Which TMMi level 3 process area includes the specific practice Establish the Organization's Test Process Database"?
- A. Test Organization
- B. Test Training Program
- C. Test Lifecycle and Integration
- D. Peer Review
正解：C
解説：
The specific practice "Establish the Organization's Test Process Database" is found within the Test Lifecycle and Integration process area, which is part of TMMi Level 3. This process area aims to establish standardized test processes across the organization, including maintaining a test process database that holds process-related information and data for reuse and continuous improvement.
TMMi Reference:
The Test Lifecycle and Integration process area is responsible for establishing and maintaining organizational test process assets, including the test process database.
質問 # 35
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
- A. Implementation of Non-Functional Testing process area of TMMi is supported by the CMMI process area Performance Management.
- B. The TMMi process area Test Planning is supported by the CMMI process areas Project Planning, Requirements Management and Risk Management.
- C. The CMMI process area Causal Analysis and Resolution Process Area provides support for implementation of TMMi process area Quality Control.
- D. Practices within Specific Goal 2 (Perform Peer Reviews) of the CMMI process area Validation provide support for implementation of the TMMi process area Peer Reviews.
正解：B
解説：
The TMMi process area Test Planning is indeed supported by several CMMI process areas, including Project Planning, Requirements Management, and Risk Management. These CMMI areas provide foundational support for ensuring that the test planning process incorporates adequate project management, requirement traceability, and risk identification, all of which are critical for effective testing.
Specific Goal 2 of the CMMI Validation process area relates to validation activities, not peer reviews, and therefore does not support the TMMi Peer Reviews process area.
Causal Analysis and Resolution is linked to Defect Prevention in TMMi, not Quality Control.
Performance Management does not directly support the Non-Functional Testing process area in TMMi.
TMMi Reference:
The TMMi Test Planning process area is supported by relevant CMMI process areas, such as Project Planning, which helps in aligning project goals with test planning activities.
質問 # 36
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. In an Agile context, the range and number of alternative improvement ideas to be considered may be significantly higher than compared to non-Agile life cycle models.
- B. The focus of improvements in an Agile context is often not on cross-project learning and institutionalization of improvements but on continuous improvements locally.
- C. In an Agile context, there may be a single combined "test document" covering the essential elements of a test policy, test strategy and even high-level test plan. Test process improvers should make "improvement" suggestions which call for more rigorous and thorough test documentation.
- D. Both in Agile and traditional environments, a centralized TMMi process improvement project should be set up to ensure proper implementation of improvement actions across the organization.
正解：D
解説：
This statement is FALSE because in Agile environments, a centralized process improvement project may not align with the decentralized, self-organizing nature of Agile teams. Agile emphasizes local, team-driven improvements rather than a top-down, centralized approach. Continuous, local improvements within Agile teams are more suitable than attempting to manage improvements across the organization in a centralized manner, which is more characteristic of traditional environments.
TMMi Reference:
In Agile contexts, improvement actions are typically implemented locally within teams rather than through a centralized project, aligning with Agile's principles of team autonomy.
質問 # 37
The evolutionary testing model of Gelperin and Hetzel has served as a foundation for historical level differentiation in the TMMi. The evolutionary testing model describes a number of test phases.
Which of the following phases of the evolutionary testing model is associated with Maturity Level 1 "Initial" of the TMMi?
- A. Evaluation-oriented phase
- B. Destruction-oriented phase
- C. Debugging-oriented phase
- D. Demonstration-oriented phase
正解：C
解説：
The Debugging-oriented phase from Gelperin and Hetzel's evolutionary testing model is associated with Maturity Level 1 "Initial" of TMMi. At this maturity level, testing is not yet a distinct and well-defined process but is often interleaved with debugging. Organizations at this level have chaotic and ad-hoc testing activities, with no separation between testing and debugging.
Maturity Level 1 organizations lack formal processes, and testing is often reactive, performed alongside fixing bugs in the code. This is in line with the debugging-oriented phase, where testing and debugging are seen as part of the same activity.
TMMi Reference:
The TMMi framework draws directly from the evolutionary model of Gelperin and Hetzel, associating the Debugging-oriented phase with Level 1, which describes a chaotic, unmanaged testing environment.
質問 # 38
What is an example of an indirect benefit for a test improvement program?
- A. Shortened lead-time of test execution phase
- B. Higher levels of defect detection
- C. Improvement in staff motivation
- D. Improved (more reliable. test estimations
正解：C
解説：
An indirect benefit of a test improvement programme is improved staff motivation. While direct benefits, such as shortened lead time or higher defect detection rates, are focused on measurable improvements, indirect benefits include enhanced morale and engagement of the staff involved. A well-structured test improvement programme can lead to better recognition of the testing function within the organisation, leading to increased satisfaction and motivation among testing professionals.
Reference:
The TMMi Framework emphasises that successful test improvements often result in indirect benefits like "improvement in staff motivation".
質問 # 39
Which of the following is a typical business reason for starting a test improvement program?
- A. Increase organizational profit
- B. Implement a Testing Centre of Excellence
- C. Implement exploratory testing
- D. Higher productivity
正解：D
解説：
A typical business reason for starting a test improvement program is to achieve higher productivity. Test process improvements can lead to better efficiency in test execution, reduction of defects, and optimised resource usage, all of which contribute to the overall productivity of the organisation. By improving testing processes, organisations can reduce time-to-market and minimise costs associated with fixing defects post-production, which in turn boosts productivity.
Reference:
"Test process improvements are often driven by the need for higher productivity, achieved by reducing defects and optimising resources" .
質問 # 40
What is the correct order for the following TMMi maturity levels (from low to high maturity)?
- A. Defined, Managed, Measured
- B. Defined, Measured, Managed
- C. Managed, Defined, Measured
- D. Managed, Measured, Defined
正解：C
解説：
The correct order of TMMi maturity levels from low to high is:
Managed (Level 2): Testing becomes a managed and separate process from debugging, with formal strategies and plans.
Defined (Level 3): Testing is fully integrated into the development lifecycle, with standardized processes across projects.
Measured (Level 4): Testing processes are measured quantitatively, and product quality is evaluated with formal metrics.
This sequence reflects the increasing maturity and sophistication of an organization's testing processes as they progress through the levels.
TMMi Reference:
The TMMi maturity levels follow the order of Managed (Level 2), Defined (Level 3), and Measured (Level 4).
質問 # 41
A test organization is at TMMi level 4 and is trying to implement the TMMi level 5 process areas. One of the improvement goals for the current year is to implement a Defect Prevention program.
Which of the following specific practices needs to be addressed as part of the Defect Prevention process area?
- A. Pilot test process improvement proposals, part of the specific goal Select Test Improvements.
- B. Manage the deployment, part of the specific goal Deploy Test Improvements.
- C. Propose solutions to eliminate common causes, part of the specific goal Prioritize and Define Actions to Systematically Eliminate Root Causes of Defects.
- D. Establish test process performance measures, part of the specific goal Establish a Statistically Controlled Test Process.
正解：C
解説：
In the Defect Prevention process area at TMMi Level 5, one of the key specific goals (SG2) is to prioritise and define actions to systematically eliminate the root causes of defects. This involves proposing solutions to address common defect causes that have been identified during causal analysis. These solutions aim to prevent defects from reoccurring across the development lifecycle.
Reference:
"SP 2.1 Propose solutions to eliminate common causes is a critical practice under the Defect Prevention process area".
質問 # 42
Which of the following are NOT specific goals of the TMMi level 5 process area Test Process Optimization?
1. Select test process improvements
2. Determine, plan and implement test process improvements
3. Evaluate New Testing Technologies to Determine their Impact on the Testing Process
4. Deploy test process improvements
5. Monitor product quality against plan and expectations
- A. 1 and 4
- B. 3 and 5
- C. 2 and 3
- D. 2 and 5
正解：D
解説：
The specific goals of the Test Process Optimization process area at TMMi Level 5 include:
Select test process improvements.
Evaluate new testing technologies to determine their impact on the testing process.
Deploy test process improvements.
However, "Determine, plan and implement test process improvements" (2) and "Monitor product quality against plan and expectations" (5) are not part of the Test Process Optimization goals. Instead, these activities belong to other process areas, such as Test Measurement or earlier maturity levels.
TMMi Reference:
The goals for Test Process Optimization at TMMi Level 5 focus on selecting and deploying process improvements and evaluating new technologies.
質問 # 43
Which of the following is a typical element of a test policy?
- A. Approach to regression testing
- B. Test types to be carried out at each level
- C. The quality levels to be achieved
- D. Define product risks categories
正解：C
解説：
A test policy is a high-level document that outlines the objectives, goals, and strategic views regarding testing. It serves to align testing activities with the organisation's business objectives and quality goals. One of the critical elements in a test policy is defining the quality levels to be achieved, which ensures that testing aligns with the expectations for product quality, both functional and non-functional. Other aspects, such as risk categories, test types, and regression testing approaches, are typically defined in more detailed test strategies or plans, not in the high-level policy.
Reference:
"A test policy is necessary to define the organization's overall test objectives and quality levels" .
質問 # 44
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