更新されたPDF（2023年最新）実際にあるScrum PSM-II試験問題
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質問 # 10
What is the Development Team responsible for?
- A. Reporting productivity and selecting the Sprint time-box.
- B. Writing User Stories and ordering the Product Backlog.
- C. Organizing the work required to meet the Sprint Goal and resolving internal team conflicts.
正解：C
質問 # 11
What is a Product Owner responsibility that he/she might delegate?
- A. Attending the Sprint Review
- B. Ordering the Product Backlog
- C. Writing User Stories
- D. Representing stakeholders to the Scrum team
正解：B
解説：
The Development Team may need to order the Product Backlog as they would know the most about technical limitations, risks, or dependencies between Product Backlog Items. As User Stories is a localized practice, Scrum does not govern it or dictate the practice. How the team describes the items is up to them as long as it has enough information to be transparent and understood.
質問 # 12
What action can the Scrum Master take to ensure communication between the Development Team and Product Owner is effective?
- A. Ensure all communication goes through the Scrum Master first.
- B. Observe the communications between them and facilitate discussions if needed or by request.
- C. Teach the Product Owner to talk in terms of technology and technical requirements.
- D. Translate the technologies used by the Development Team in order for the Product Owner to make decisions.
正解：B
解説：
One of the primary responsibilities of a Scrum Master is the ability to facilitate regardless of the context or setting.
質問 # 13
In what ways does the Scrum Master keep a Development Team working at its highest level of productivity?
- A. By helping the Development Team with user acceptance tests and tracking defects.
- B. By keeping the Scrum board and burn-down chart updated daily.
- C. By removing impediments that hinder the Development Team and facilitating Development Team decisions.
- D. By ensuring each member takes turns speaking at the Daily Scrum and ending the event on time.
正解：C
解説：
The Scrum Master serves the Development Team by removing impediments to the Development Team's progress and facilitating Scrum events as requested or needed.
質問 # 14
True or False: During the Sprint Review of a scaled development effort, every Scrum Team should demonstrate its individual Increment separately.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
During the Sprint Review of a scaled development effort, the Scrum Teams should demonstrate the integrated Increment that they have collectively delivered, not their individual Increments separately. This ensures that the stakeholders can provide feedback on the value and quality of the product as a whole, and that the Scrum Teams can inspect their alignment and collaboration.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 14: "The purpose of the Sprint Review is to inspect the outcome of the Sprint and determine future adaptations. The Scrum Team presents the results of their work to key stakeholders and progress toward the Product Goal is discussed." Nexus Guide 2020, page 7: "The Nexus Sprint Review is an event where appropriate stakeholders review the Integrated Increment that has been built throughout the Sprint by all Scrum Teams in a Nexus."
質問 # 15
As a Scrum Master, what would you strive for if five new Scrum Teams were to work on one product?
- A. There should be five Product Backlogs and five Product Owners.
- B. The product has one Product Backlog and one Product Owner.
- C. There should be five Product Owners, one for each Scrum Team.
- D. There should be five Product Backlogs and one Product Owner to manage them.
正解：B
解説：
For a single product there is one Product Backlog. For a single Product Backlog there is one Product Owner.
質問 # 16
Part of the team's Definition of "Done" requires creating or updating technical documentation in order to maintain the product and/or features in the future. The team's technical writer will be on vacation during the Sprint.
What should you do?
- A. Wait until the technical writer returns before continuing with related items.
- B. Encourage the technical writers from other teams to form a specialized team to organize and plan the work for multiple teams.
- C. The Development Team members will write it as they are still responsible for creating the documentation to make the Increment done in conformance with their Definition of "Done."
- D. Complete all development work first while adding technical documentation to the Product Backlog to be done in a subsequent Sprint.
正解：C
解説：
All Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint are owned by the Development Team as a whole. Although individual members may work on specific tasks, the Development Team is still accountable for doing the work to deliver a shippable Increment.
質問 # 17
A Scrum Team consists of Developers working from globally distributed locations. Organizing the Scrum events requires conferencing tools that are not easily available within the organization. The Developers propose doing a Daily Scrum only on Tuesdays. Which are the most appropriate responses for their Scrum Master?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Acknowledge and support this self-managing team's decision
- B. Help the Developers understand that lowering the frequency of communication will only increase the feeling of disconnect between the team members.
- C. Coach the Developers on why a daily frequency is important as an opportunity to update the Sprint Plan and how it helps the team organize work toward achieving the Sprint Goal.
- D. Have the Developers vote to make sure there is consensus within the team
正解：B、C
解説：
Explanation
The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event for the Developers of the Scrum Team to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work1. It is one of the five events of the Scrum framework and enables the three pillars of the empirical process of Scrum:
transparency, inspection, and adaptation2. The Daily Scrum is not a status meeting, but a chance for the Developers to collaborate, coordinate, and plan their work3.
As a Scrum Master, you could help the Developers understand that lowering the frequency of communication will only increase the feeling of disconnect between the team members, especially when they are working from globally distributed locations. You could also coach the Developers on why a daily frequency is important as an opportunity to update the Sprint Plan and how it helps the team organize work toward achieving the Sprint Goal. You could suggest alternative conferencing tools or methods that are easily available and effective for the team. You could also facilitate the Daily Scrum by ensuring that it is positive, productive, and focused on the Sprint Goal.
Acknowledging and supporting this self-managing team's decision might seem like a good option, but it would not help the team to improve their collaboration and alignment. Having the Developers vote to make sure there is consensus within the team might also seem like a democratic way to handle the situation, but it would not address the underlying issue of why the team wants to reduce the frequency of the Daily Scrum.
References:
The Scrum Guide 2020, section "The Daily Scrum"
What Is the Daily Scrum?, A Guide to the Daily Event - Scrum Alliance
The Importance of Daily Scrum Meetings | Grata Software
質問 # 18
Multiple Scrum Teams working from the same Product Backlog must have the same Sprint start dates.
- A. False
- B. True
正解：A
解説：
Multiple Scrum Teams could have the same Sprint start dates but it is not mandatory as the importance is on being able to integrate their shippable Increments at the end of their Sprints.
質問 # 19
Currently, your engineering department is organized in siloed teams that specialize by function (for example, design, front-end, back-end, database, and testing).
What would you consider when moving away from component teams towards feature teams?
- A. Moving from component teams to feature teams could reduce, productivity in the initial stages. Feature teams have less communication complexity. Getting the support from the business side makes the transition easier.
- B. Members within feature teams require compatible personalities. Feature teams should have a mix of junior and senior members. Tasks are completed more quickly than component teams.
- C. You cannot begin Scrum without have feature teams. It is easier to measure and compare performance between feature teams. Feature teams should have an equal number of team members.
正解：A
解説：
The initial phase of forming a new team could cause short-term disruption as they need time to discover how to best work together. Because all the skills and competencies are inside the team the communication overhead is reduced. Having an environment that supports the Scrum values reduces complexity.
質問 # 20
A Scrum Master is keeping a list of open impediments, but it is growing and he/she has been able to resolve only a small portion of the impediments.
Which would be the LEAST helpful technique in this situation?
- A. Alerting management to the impediments and their impact.
- B. Prioritizing the list and working on them in order.
- C. Consulting with the Development Team
- D. Arranging a triage meeting with all project managers.
正解：D
解説：
Scrum does not have project managers and arranging a triage meeting would not help accelerate the removal of impediments.
質問 # 21
One Scrum Team is developing a product. They track how much software they produce as velocity. Their current velocity is 18 units of done work. A second team will be added to work on the same product. What is the most likely impact on the velocity of the original team?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Their velocity is likely to be not affected and stay at 18.
- B. Their velocity is likely to decrease and be lower than 18.
- C. Their velocity is likely to increase and be higher than 18.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Adding a second team to work on the same product will introduce some challenges and overheads that can affect the velocity of the original team. For example, the teams will need to coordinate and communicate more frequently, integrate their work more often, resolve any dependencies or conflicts, and align their standards and practices. These activities will consume some time and effort that could otherwise be spent on delivering value. Therefore, the velocity of the original team is likely to decrease and be lower than 18, at least in the short term.
References:
Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 16: "Adding more people to a complex product development effort does not necessarily increase productivity or reduce time to market. In fact, it often has the opposite effect." Nexus Guide 2020, page 5: "When multiple Scrum Teams are working together on the same product, there are additional complexities that arise. These complexities can be reduced by having the teams adhere to a common definition of "Done" and a single Product Backlog."
質問 # 22
A few members of the Scrum Team discuss work that is not being done. Some say it is part of the Definition of Done, others say it is not. After an hour of angry discussion, someone starts making personal insults and anger levels rise. What is the best action for the Scrum Master to take?
(choose the best answer)
- A. End the discussion. Make the call whether the work is or is not part of the Definition of Done. Identify who is involved in the conflict and decide on their further presence on the Scrum Team.
- B. Defuse the conflict. Take the Definition of Done and tell the other members of the Scrum Team how to interpret it, so they can autonomously decide whether the debated work is or is not part of it
- C. Take the people involved aside. Ask them to resolve the situation outside of the Scrum Team, if required through their managers. The goal is to maintain stability in the team.
- D. Conduct a session to help the Scrum Team resolve the conflict and create a uniform Definition of Done.
Remind the other members of the Scrum Team that conflicting ideas are natural, but making it personal does not help.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The best action for the Scrum Master to take in this situation is to conduct a session to help the Scrum Team resolve the conflict and create a uniform Definition of Done. This is because the Scrum Master is a servant-leader, a facilitator, and a coach to the team, who should have the skills to help resolve conflicts if called upon by the team1. The Scrum Master can employ various strategies to effectively resolve conflicts within the Scrum Team, such as promoting open communication, facilitating active listening, mediating disagreements, and fostering collaboration2. The Scrum Master can also remind the team members that conflicting ideas are natural and can be beneficial for innovation and learning, but making it personal does not help and violates the Scrum values of respect and openness3. The Scrum Master can guide the team to create a clear and shared Definition of Done that reflects their quality standards and expectations for the product4.
The other options are not the best actions for the Scrum Master to take, because they either undermine the self-organization and autonomy of the team, escalate the conflict, or avoid addressing the root cause of the problem.
質問 # 23
You are a Scrum Master employed by the IT department. The IT manager considers adopting Scrum tor a new project He wonders however, what the value is in having all team members attend this meeting called "Daily Scrum" every day. The organization already has its employees attending so many mandatory meetings.
What are two outcomes of the Daily Scrum you inform him about, to express the importance of the Daily Scrum?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. The Developers will produce a status report indicating what each individual has done the past working day, and now much time that has taken. The accumulated reports will support discussing how the Sprint went at the Sprint Review meeting. It will provide detailed insights into the accuracy of estimates versus actual time spent, which can be used to create better estimates at the subsequent Sprint Planning meeting.
- B. During the Daily Scrum, the Developers need to update the Scrum board with their current status and progress, at a task level. This is crucial to ensure that the IT manager can go up to the room at any time and view the team's actual progress.
- C. Through the snort, daily alignment of the Daily Scrum the Developers build and improve a shared understanding of the most important work to be undertaken in the next 24 hours, to achieve the best possible progress toward the Sprint Goal. This daily opportunity to inspect and adapt Will enable the Developers to tackle any unforeseen circumstances that might otherwise disrupt the team's progress.
- D. During the Daily Scrum the Developers will bring up problems that are hindering their progress, and tor which they nave no means to resolve, this provides an opportunity to resolve those impediments.
- E. The Daily Scrum serves tor the Developers to report to you, as a Scrum Master, all updates on the tasks to the Sprint, as registered in the Sprint Backlog. You can then use the team's updates to plan their work tor the next day, making sure that every team member is assigned the right tasks.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event for the Developers of the Scrum Team to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work. The Daily Scrum is not a status meeting, but a way for the Developers to collaborate and self-organize around the most important work for the next 24 hours. The Daily Scrum also provides an opportunity for the Developers to identify and communicate any impediments that are hindering their progress, and request help from the Scrum Master or other team members to resolve them.
References:
What is a Daily Scrum? | Scrum.org
What Is the Daily Scrum? | A Guide to the Daily Event - Scrum Alliance
質問 # 24
You are the Scrum Master for four Scrum Teams working from the same Product Backlog. Several of the Developers come to you complaining that work identified for the upcoming two Sprints will require full time commitment from Stella, an external specialist who is not a member of any of the four Scrum Teams. What would you consider acceptable solutions for the problem?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Organize a release Sprint in which Stella can thoroughly check and complete all the work done in her domain before considering the work releasable.
- B. Ask Stella for a plan to hire and train additional people in her domain, and in the meantime work with the Product Owner and Scrum Teams to re-prioritize the work so that tasks not depending on Stella can be done first
- C. Merge the Scrum Teams into one large Scrum Team for the next two Sprints. When the need for Stella's expertise is over, the teams can separate again
- D. Have the Developers re-order the Product Backlog so Stella can serve one team full-time in a Sprint
- E. Developers with an interest in Stella's domain could volunteer to take on this work in their respective Scrum Teams.
- F. Create a team with Stella and identify people from the Scrum Teams to temporarily work in Stella's domain to learn to better serve the existing teams
- G. Investigate whether additional techniques or frameworks for scaling Scrum would be appropriate for these Scrum Teams.
正解：B、E、F
解説：
Explanation
B) Developers with an interest in Stella's domain could volunteer to take on this work in their respective Scrum Teams.
This is a good solution because it is consistent with the Scrum value of commitment, which means that the Scrum Team members are willing to learn new skills and take on new challenges to deliver value12. By volunteering to take on this work, the Developers can reduce the dependency on Stella, increase their cross-functionality, and collaborate more effectively within and across the Scrum Teams34.
F) Ask Stella for a plan to hire and train additional people in her domain, and in the meantime work with the Product Owner and Scrum Teams to re-prioritize the work so that tasks not depending on Stella can be done first This is another good solution because it is consistent with the Scrum principle of empiricism, which means that the Scrum Team learns and adapts based on the actual outcomes and feedback, rather than following a predefined plan12. By asking Stella for a plan to hire and train additional people, the Scrum Master can help address the root cause of the dependency and create more capacity and diversity in Stella's domain. By working with the Product Owner and Scrum Teams to re-prioritize the work, the Scrum Master can also help optimize the value and feasibility of the product backlog items, and enable the Scrum Teams to deliver valuable and functional increments every Sprint34.
G) Create a team with Stella and identify people from the Scrum Teams to temporarily work in Stella's domain to learn to better serve the existing teams This is also a good solution because it is consistent with the Scrum value of respect, which means that the Scrum Team members appreciate and value each other's skills and perspectives12. By creating a team with Stella, the Scrum Master can acknowledge and leverage Stella's expertise and experience in her domain. By identifying people from the Scrum Teams to temporarily work in Stella's domain, the Scrum Master can also facilitate knowledge transfer and skill development among the team members, which can improve their self-organization and collaboration34.
References: 1: Scrum Values | Scrum.org 2: Scrum Values - Atlassian 3: Scrum Guide | Scrum Guides 4:
Scrum - What is it, how it works, & how to start - Atlassian
質問 # 25
Who determines how to do the work during the Sprint?
- A. The Scrum Master.
- B. The Development Team.
- C. The Technical Architects.
- D. The engineering director.
- E. The Team Leads.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
質問 # 26
During the Sprint Retrospective, the newest developer says that his perspective and ideas have been ignored by the rest of the Developers throughout the Sprint What Scrum values are touched here?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Transparency
- B. Respect
- C. Focus
- D. Commitment
- E. Openness
- F. Courage
正解：B、E、F
解説：
Explanation
The Scrum values of courage, openness, and respect are touched in this situation. Courage means that the Scrum Team members have the courage to do the right thing and work on tough problems, and also to speak up when they have concerns or disagreements. Openness means that the Scrum Team members and stakeholders agree to be open about all the work and the challenges with performing the work. Respect means that the Scrum Team members respect each other to be capable, independent people, and also respect the opinions and ideas of others.
In this case, the newest developer showed courage by expressing his feelings during the Sprint Retrospective, which is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements. The rest of the Developers should have been more open to listening to his perspective and ideas throughout the Sprint, as they might have valuable insights or suggestions for improving the product or the process. The Developers should also have respected the newest developer as a member of the team, and given him a fair chance to contribute and collaborate with them.
References:
The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 13-14
What are the 5 Scrum Values?, Visual Paradigm, accessed on September 30, 2023 Scrum Values Poster, Scrum.org, accessed on September 30, 2023
質問 # 27
Steven, the Scrum Master, is approached by one of the Development Team members saying that they are not completing regression tests for all of the work they are performing to the level defined in the Definition of Done. They have discussed this with the Product Owner and decided to remove regression testing from the Definition of Done.
Which two actions are the most appropriate for Steven to take? (Choose two.)
- A. Reject the decision as the long term maintainability of the product will be negatively impacted by modifying the Definition of Done.
- B. Accept the decision as a mutual agreement has been made between the Development Team and the Product Owner.
- C. Ask the Development Team and the Product Owner what problem they are trying to solve by altering the Definition of Done and removing regression testing from it. In what ways will this decision impact transparency and quality?
- D. Ask the Development Team and the Product Owner if they are still able to produce potentially shippable product increments by altering the Definition of Done?
正解：C、D
解説：
As a servant/leader, the Scrum Master facilitates conversations through open ended Question:s in order to help the team members make the best possible decisions according to what is known at the time. He/she does not approve or reject team decisions but ensures the team stays within the boundaries of the Scrum framework.
質問 # 28
Which two statements are the most accurate in regards to scaling Scrum for large projects requiring multiple Scrum Teams? (Choose two.)
- A. Customizing the core Scrum framework is necessary to be successful with Scrum at large scale.
- B. Team members must work full time on a single Scrum Team.
- C. A person focusing on the Sprint Backlog of a single Scrum Team is often more productive than that same person working on multiple Scrum Teams at the same time.
- D. A well-structured Product Backlog can minimize and often eliminate Development Team members working on multiple Scrum Teams during a Sprint.
正解：C、D
解説：
A person or team working on a single problem at a time is typically more effective than one that is working on multiple problems congruently as they can fully focus and dedicate their energy to resolving the problem before moving to the next. Having a well-structured Product Backlog can help minimize dependencies and increase focus for each team.
質問 # 29
On a project where multiple Scrum Teams are working from the same Product Backlog, how should the work be distributed between teams?
- A. The Scrum Team with the highest capacity will pull items from the Product Backlog first.
- B. The Product Owner separates the Product Backlog items for each team.
- C. Each Scrum Team must have an equal amount of User Stories per Sprint.
- D. The Development Teams pull in work from a shared Product Backlog in agreement with the Product Owner and the other teams.
正解：D
解説：
During Sprint Planning the number of items selected from the Product Backlog for the Sprint is solely up to the Development Team regardless of the number of Development Teams working from the same Product Backlog. Only the Development Team can assess what it can accomplish over the upcoming Sprint.
質問 # 30
During the Sprint Review, one of the stakeholders announces that due to recent market changes, there is risk that funding might be reduced for the project. This triggers tensions to rise and arguments to break out between members.
As a Scrum Master, what would be the best two actions to take? (Choose two.)
- A. Inform everyone that the team needs to stay busy until the information is formally announced.
- B. Defend the original budget and request the stakeholders to adhere to the original agreed funding for the product.
- C. Avoid getting involved as it is the Product Owner's responsibility to manage stakeholder expectations.
- D. Be objective and request for a short break for people to calm down.
- E. Encourage the stakeholders and Product Owner to focus on delivering the highest value items for the next Sprint.
正解：D、E
解説：
The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum by helping everyone embody the values of commitment, courage, focus, openness and respect.
質問 # 31
You have just been hired as a Scrum Master by a company new to Scrum. The company wants to use Scrum to build a new product that was conceived by the product management department. You will be the Scrum Master of two new teams that will build a first version of the product. The product management department assigns two new Product Owners, but wants more advice about the required participation with the new Scrum Teams. Which two suggestions would you offer?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Two Product Owners are necessary, one for each Scrum Team. They report to an overarching chief Product Owner.
- B. Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department.
- C. Each Scrum Team has a separate Product Backlog, holding each team's assigned requirements.
- D. A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product.
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
A) Having one Product Owner will improve the clarity of accountability to the teams and to the product management department. This is a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single person who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and managing the Product Backlog. Having one Product Owner also avoids confusion, duplication, or conflict among multiple Product Owners who may have different visions, priorities, or expectations for the product.
D) A single Product Backlog should be maintained holding all requirements for the new product. This is also a good suggestion, as it ensures that there is a single source of truth for the product requirements and that they are transparent and visible to all stakeholders. Having a single Product Backlog also enables the Product Owner to order the items based on their value, risk, dependency, and urgency, and to collaborate with the Scrum Teams to select and refine the items for each Sprint.
References:
The Scrum Guide, section 2.3 (The Scrum Team), page 7
The Scrum Guide, section 4.1 (The Product Backlog), page 11
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module 2 (The Scrum Framework), lesson 4 (Sprint Planning) and lesson 5 (The Sprint Review)
質問 # 32
What factors are best considered when defining the Sprint length?
- A. How often team membership changes and the size of the Development Team.
- B. Having consistent Sprint length across all Scrum Teams.
- C. The level of expertise over the technology to be used, ability to release an Increment to the end users, and the risk of being disconnected from the stakeholders.
正解：C
質問 # 33
A PO (Product Owner) is essentially the same thing as a traditional PM (Project Manager).
- A. False
- B. True
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
質問 # 34
Which role is responsible for engaging with stakeholders?
- A. The Product Owner
- B. The business analyst
- C. The project manager
- D. The Development Team
- E. The team lead
正解：A
質問 # 35
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