合格させるProfessional Scrum Master PSM-IIテスト問題集で[2023年12月04日] 更新された70問あります
Scrum PSM-II実際の問題と100%カバー率でリアル試験問題
スクラムPSM-II（プロのスクラムマスターレベルII）認定試験は、PSM-I認定を達成したスクラムマスターの知識とスキルをテストする挑戦的で包括的な試験です。 PSM-II認定は、スクラムの原則と実践の実装において、スクラムマスターの高度なレベルの知識と専門知識を検証および認識するように設計されています。
PSM-II認定は、スクラムコミュニティで高く評価されており、世界中の多くの組織によって認められています。候補者の専門知識とスクラムの方法論に関する知識、および複雑な問題を解決するためにそれを適用する能力を示しています。この認定は、スクラムチームを効果的にリードおよびコーチする候補者の能力を検証します。全体として、PSM-II認定は、個人がスクラムでのキャリアを進め、継続的な学習と改善へのコミットメントを実証する優れた方法です。
質問 # 38
After some small experiments with Scrum, your company decides to do a complete project with Scrum. As Scrum Master; you have been invited to the "project kick-off meeting" with IT and product management The Product Owner asks how many Sprints IT will need to first figure out architecture and infrastructure issues. What are two options to explain how such work is managed using Scrum?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. You thank product management for understanding that these efforts indeed require effort and budget You confirm that architecture and infrastructure are best addressed before starting Scrum, but that the exact budget is difficult to calculate upfront You say you will organize this work in timeboxed Sprints of no more than 30 days to limit risk and be transparent toward product management on the actual progress.
- B. You explain that product management should not worry about such typical IT work. You inform them that you will assure that the team members reach out to the right people within the IT organization when needed During each Sprint Planning event they will keep the Product Owner updated about the additional effort it will take for that Sprint. That effort will come on top of the effort for the forecasted functional development.
- C. You educate the Product Owner to add this work to the Product Backlog to uphold transparency. Ask the Developers to plan work during the first several Sprints to estimate these items, while also creating some business functionality in these early Sprints
- D. You explain that technical risks are best controlled when architecture and infrastructure emerge alongside the development of functionality. The additional advantage is that business value is created faster and sooner.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
B) You explain that technical risks are best controlled when architecture and infrastructure emerge alongside the development of functionality. The additional advantage is that business value is created faster and sooner.
This is a good option because it is consistent with the Scrum principle of empiricism, which means that the Scrum Team learns and adapts based on the actual outcomes and feedback, rather than following a predefined plan12. By allowing the architecture and infrastructure to emerge iteratively and incrementally, the Scrum Team can address the most important and uncertain aspects first, and deliver valuable and functional increments every Sprint34.
D) You educate the Product Owner to add this work to the Product Backlog to uphold transparency. Ask the Developers to plan work during the first several Sprints to estimate these items, while also creating some business functionality in these early Sprints This is another good option because it is consistent with the Scrum value of transparency, which means that the Scrum Team and the stakeholders have a clear and common understanding of the product vision, goals, progress, and risks12. By adding this work to the Product Backlog, the Product Owner can prioritize and refine it according to the value and urgency, and communicate it to the stakeholders. By asking the Developers to plan work during the first several Sprints, they can estimate these items based on their actual experience and capacity, while also delivering some business functionality in these early Sprints34.
質問 # 39
The Developers are waiting for an external supplier to deliver a specific product component that they need to integrate and use. Without that component there will not be enough work in the next Sprint to occupy the full team. They ask their Product Owner to re-order the Product Backlog. The Product Owner asks the Scrum Master for help. What would be good advice for the Product Owner?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Tell the Product Owner that his primary concern is the flow of value reflected in the ordering of the Product Backlog. Timeline of the flow might be influenced by such dependencies and require some level of Product Backlog re-ordering
- B. Tell the Product Owner to remove all work involving the external component from the Product Backlog and create a new backlog for it. The work can then be planned in one or more separate Sprints as soon as the component is available.
- C. Tell the Product Owner that the Product Backlog needs to be re-ordered to maximize utilization of the Developers. It is important to keep productivity high through proper use of the capacity available
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team1. One of the ways to do this is to order the Product Backlog in a way that reflects the flow of value to the stakeholders and customers2. The Product Owner can use various factors to order the Product Backlog, such as value, risk, dependencies, learning opportunities, and feedback loops3.
However, sometimes the Product Owner may face challenges or constraints that affect the ordering of the Product Backlog, such as external dependencies, market changes, technical issues, or stakeholder requests4. In such cases, the Product Owner needs to balance between delivering value and managing risks. The Product Owner may need to adjust the Product Backlog ordering to account for these factors, but not at the expense of compromising the value delivery5.
In this scenario, the Developers are waiting for an external supplier to deliver a specific product component that they need to integrate and use. Without that component there will not be enough work in the next Sprint to occupy the full team. They ask their Product Owner to re-order the Product Backlog. The Product Owner asks the Scrum Master for help. A good advice for the Product Owner would be to tell them that their primary concern is the flow of value reflected in the ordering of the Product Backlog. Timeline of the flow might be influenced by such dependencies and require some level of Product Backlog re-ordering.
This advice would help the Product Owner to focus on delivering value while also considering the impact of the external dependency. The Product Owner could work with the Developers and stakeholders to identify and prioritize other valuable work that can be done in the next Sprint without relying on the external component.
The Product Owner could also communicate with the external supplier and try to minimize or eliminate the dependency as much as possible.
The other options are not good advice for the Product Owner. Telling them that they need to re-order the Product Backlog to maximize utilization of the Developers would imply that keeping productivity high is more important than delivering value. This would go against the Scrum values of focus and respect. Telling them to remove all work involving the external component from the Product Backlog and create a new backlog for it would imply that they are ignoring or avoiding the dependency rather than managing it. This would go against the Scrum values of courage and openness.
References:
The Scrum Guide 2020, section "The Product Owner"
What is a Product Backlog? | Scrum.org, section "Ordering"
Product Backlog Ordering - Zen Ex Machina, section "Ordering by Value"
Product Backlog Ordering - Zen Ex Machina, section "Ordering by Risk"
Ordered Not Prioritized | Scrum.org, section "Ordering by Dependencies"
[The Scrum Values | Scrum.org], section "The Scrum Values"
質問 # 40
Steven, the Scrum Master, observes that one of the Development Team members is not attending the Daily Scrum. The Development Team feels this is ok as they all sit in the same area and already have constant communication throughout the day.
Which is the best action for Steven to take?
- A. Start running the Daily Scrum and require all members to be in attendance.
- B. Talk to the Development Team member privately and tell him that he needs to be a team player.
- C. Ask the Development Team, what value will result from having all team members present at the Daily Scrum and what are the risks if members don't attend.
- D. The Daily Scrum is owned by the Development Team and it is their responsibility to decide which team members must participate.
正解：C
解説：
The Scrum Master is responsible for ensuring that the Scrum Team understands the purpose and value of the Scrum events. Because the Daily Scrum is owned by the Development Team, it will decide how best to run the event. And if needed the Scrum Master will coach the team to ensure the decisions stay within the boundaries of the Scrum framework.
質問 # 41
The director of engineering in your organization always stresses the importance of meeting deadlines in order for the engineering department to be seen as a reliable source for the product management department. The director has calculated that the team's velocity needs to increase an additional 15% to meet the commitment he made to management for the release date of the product.
He asks Steven, the team's Scrum Master, to increase his team's velocity. Which would be the best two responses for Steven to take? (Choose two.)
- A. He helps the director understand that it typically takes a few Sprints for a team to gradually increase the velocity up to the level expected. Meanwhile he presents this to the team as a challenge and a company goal, leaving it however up to them to figure out exactly how to achieve this.
- B. He educates his director how it is part of a team's self-organization to improve velocity. He invites the director to the next Sprint Retrospective to brainstorm on how they can improve.
- C. He informs the director of organizational impediments he is aware of that prevent the team from being more productive. He suggests collaborating with him on how to remove these impediments.
- D. He explains how a team uses the velocity of a Sprint primarily to forecast work for the next Sprint, not to perfectly predict future productivity. He refers the director to the Product Owner for all information concerning the progress of development.
- E. He tells the director that this is not his responsibility in Scrum. He tells the director to work with the Product Owner to check whether the estimates on the Product Backlog are being respected during implementation.
正解：C、D
解説：
The Scrum Master serves the organization by helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development and causing change that increases the productivity of the Scrum Team.
質問 # 42
When does a Sprint end?
- A. When the time-box expires.
- B. Immediately after the conclusion of the Sprint Review.
- C. It depends on the Product Owner.
- D. When there is no work remaining in the Sprint Backlog.
正解：A
質問 # 43
The Development Team has suggested to move the Daily Scrum to every other day instead of every day.
What is the most appropriate action for the Scrum Master to take?
- A. Learn why the Development Team wants this, coach the team on why the Daily Scrum is important and work with them to improve the outcome of the Daily Scrum.
- B. Have the Development Team members vote on which days the Daily Scrum should occur.
- C. Support the self-organizing team's decision.
正解：A
解説：
The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. Scrum Masters do this by helping everyone understand Scrum theory, practices, rules, and values.
質問 # 44
An organization is planning to form five new Scrum Teams to work on building a single product. A few of the future team members ask the Scrum Master who will coordinate the work between the different Scrum Teams.
What action should the Scrum Master take?
- A. Advise the teams to minimize dependencies by working on separate development branches and integrate at the end of four Sprint cycles.
- B. At the end of Sprint Planning, collect all Sprint tasks and create a consolidated plan for the entire Sprint.
- C. Teach the Product Owner to work with the technical leads on ordering Product Backlog in a way to avoid too much technical and development overlap during a Sprint.
- D. Teach them that it is their responsibility to form the teams such that each team will have the necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies to create an integrated Increment by the end of every Sprint.
- E. Visit the five Development Teams daily to ensure alignment and that all Sprint Backlogs remain synchronized.
正解：D
解説：
Development Teams are structured and empowered by the organization to organize and manage their own work. This includes deciding how to form teams when multiple teams are needed. The resulting synergy optimizes the Development Team's overall efficiency and effectiveness. They are self-organizing. No one (not even the Scrum Master) tells the Development Team how to turn Product Backlog into Increments of potentially releasable functionality.
質問 # 45
Successful use of Scrum depends on how well people behave and act in ways that reflect the Scrum values. What can the value of openness affect?
- A. Trust from stakeholders.
- B. All of the above.
- C. Team member happiness.
- D. Time to market.
- E. Collaboration efforts.
- F. Level of product quality.
正解：B
解説：
The Scrum Team and its stakeholders agree to be open about all the work and the challenges with performing the work.
質問 # 46
When technical debt occurs, the system will become more unstable as development progresses and code is added resulting in future work being slowed down.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
Technical debt is any shortcomings in the code. It is a natural by-product of software development (unavoidable) and can at best be managed. If neglected, it will compound and have a negative effect on the team's ability to the deliver value. A team can have an artificially high velocity by taking shortcuts or introducing technical debt into the system. This can give a false assumption about the current state of the product. It can look good on the surface but underneath can be a mess.
質問 # 47
A few members of the Scrum Team discuss work that is not being done. Some say it is part of the Definition of Done, others say it is not. After an hour of angry discussion, someone starts making personal insults and anger levels rise. What is the best action for the Scrum Master to take?
(choose the best answer)
- A. End the discussion. Make the call whether the work is or is not part of the Definition of Done. Identify who is involved in the conflict and decide on their further presence on the Scrum Team.
- B. Conduct a session to help the Scrum Team resolve the conflict and create a uniform Definition of Done.
Remind the other members of the Scrum Team that conflicting ideas are natural, but making it personal does not help. - C. Take the people involved aside. Ask them to resolve the situation outside of the Scrum Team, if required through their managers. The goal is to maintain stability in the team.
- D. Defuse the conflict. Take the Definition of Done and tell the other members of the Scrum Team how to interpret it, so they can autonomously decide whether the debated work is or is not part of it
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The best action for the Scrum Master to take in this situation is to conduct a session to help the Scrum Team resolve the conflict and create a uniform Definition of Done. This is because the Scrum Master is a servant-leader, a facilitator, and a coach to the team, who should have the skills to help resolve conflicts if called upon by the team1. The Scrum Master can employ various strategies to effectively resolve conflicts within the Scrum Team, such as promoting open communication, facilitating active listening, mediating disagreements, and fostering collaboration2. The Scrum Master can also remind the team members that conflicting ideas are natural and can be beneficial for innovation and learning, but making it personal does not help and violates the Scrum values of respect and openness3. The Scrum Master can guide the team to create a clear and shared Definition of Done that reflects their quality standards and expectations for the product4.
The other options are not the best actions for the Scrum Master to take, because they either undermine the self-organization and autonomy of the team, escalate the conflict, or avoid addressing the root cause of the problem.
質問 # 48
The relationship between the Product Owner and the Developers has degraded over time.
The Developers are growing increasingly angry with the Product Owner for changing the requirements all the time and not being available enough. The Product Owner is angry with the Developers for changing requirements during implementation. What guidance should the Scrum Master offer?
(choose the best answer)
- A. Take everyone to a 2-day off-site event to relax and re-align. It is liberating to take people's minds away from work.
- B. Ask each person's functional manager to instruct their employees that they must collaborate better, or be removed from the team.
- C. Address why requirements change during the Sprint Retrospective. Ask the Developers and the Product Owner to talk about why the requirements are changing and consider the impact on value during this discussion.
- D. Ask for a project manager or other external resource to mediate and temporarily take over for the Product Owner.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum, which includes helping the Scrum Team and the organization understand and enact Scrum values, principles, and practices. The Scrum Master should offer guidance that:
Addresses the root cause of the conflict, not just the symptoms or the consequences.
Empowers the Scrum Team to self-organize and collaborate effectively, without relying on external intervention or authority.
Fosters a culture of transparency, inspection, and adaptation, where feedback is welcomed and used to improve the product and the process.
Focuses on delivering value to the customer and meeting the Sprint Goal, not on following a fixed plan or satisfying individual preferences.
Therefore, the best option is to address why requirements change during the Sprint Retrospective, which is an event that allows the Scrum Team to inspect how they worked together and create a plan for improvements.
The Scrum Master should ask the Developers and the Product Owner to talk about why the requirements are changing and consider the impact on value during this discussion. This will help them understand each other's perspectives, clarify their expectations, and align their goals.
The other options are not appropriate because they:
Take everyone to a 2-day off-site event to relax and re-align (A), which may be a nice gesture, but does not solve the underlying problem or help the Scrum Team improve their collaboration skills. It may also be seen as a distraction or a reward for poor performance.
Ask each person's functional manager to instruct their employees that they must collaborate better, or be removed from the team (B), which undermines the self-organization and autonomy of the Scrum Team and introduces a threat of punishment that may damage trust and motivation. It also violates the Scrum value of respect and the principle of servant leadership.
Ask for a project manager or other external resource to mediate and temporarily take over for the Product Owner (D), which creates a dependency on an outsider who may not have the necessary knowledge, authority, or vision to manage the product. It also violates the Scrum role of the Product Owner and the principle of single-wringable-neck.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Scrum Master : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Retrospective : [Scrum Guide], The Product Owner : [Scrum Guide], The Developers : [Scrum Guide], Scrum Values
質問 # 49
The outcome of a Sprint can be impacted by which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. The working relationships and skills of the people on the Scrum Team(s).
- B. The complexity and stability of the technology.
- C. The complexity of the requirements.
正解：A、B、C
解説：
The knowledge, skills, behaviors of the team, and what's known and not known will impact not only how effective the team is but also the outcomes of what it can produce.
質問 # 50
How should multiple Scrum Teams, working from the same Product Backlog, select the Product Backlog items their teams plan to work on?
- A. Each Scrum Team would select an equal number of items.
- B. The Product Owner assigns the work to each team.
- C. The Product Owner creates separate Product Backlogs for each Development Team.
- D. The Scrum Team with the highest productivity will select the items first.
- E. The Product Owner will present the work and the Development Teams will select the items they will work on.
正解：E
解説：
The ones doing the work are the best ones to decide what they can do and how to do it.
質問 # 51
Technical Debt can lead to false assumptions about the current state of the system and the Increment reviewed at the end of the Sprint.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
Technical debt is any shortcomings in the code. It is a natural by-product of software development (unavoidable) and can at best be managed. If neglected, it will compound and have a negative effect on the team's ability to the deliver value. A team can have an artificially high velocity by taking shortcuts or introducing technical, debt into the system. This can give a false assumption about the current state of the product. It can look good on the surface but underneath can be a mess.
質問 # 52
What action should a Scrum Master take if the Development Team has decided that Retrospectives are no longer necessary?
- A. Comply with the team's decision.
- B. Extend the Sprint time-box in order to fit the Retrospectives.
- C. Suggest reducing the frequency of the Retrospectives.
- D. Start facilitating more productive and useful Retrospectives.
正解：D
質問 # 53
An organization is using Scrum to build five new products.
What would be the best two options for the number of Product Owners the organization should have? (Choose two.)
- A. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. In order to scale his/her role, he/she can delegate some of the individual Product Owner responsibilities to others within each product but would still remain accountable for the value of the work produced.
- B. There is one Product Owner for each product (so five in total). Each Product Owner may delegate, share and align work within their individual Product Backlog.
- C. Enough Product Owners to delegate as much work needed to maximize utilization of all Development Team members.
- D. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. This person is not allowed to delegate any of the Product Owner responsibilities as he/she is accountable for the success of each product.
正解：A、B
解説：
The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for maximizing the value of the product through the ordering and management of the Product Backlog. This reduces complexity in communication and understanding who to go to when there are Question:s about the product. The Product Owner may delegate his/her responsibilities but still remains accountable for the outcome of those responsibilities.
質問 # 54
A Scrum Team has been working together for nine Sprints. A new Product Owner comes in, unsure about his responsibilities. As the Scrum Master you have observed how the functional and business insights of the Developers have grown over the past Sprints. The Product Owner however is relatively new to the company and to the product. What are two activities you would direct the new Product Owner towards focusing on?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. You tell the Product Owner to make sure that there are no ambiguities or possible misunderstandings in the items on the Product Backlog when they are handed over to the Scrum Team. This is best done by capturing the functional requirements during an analysis phase, resulting in documents that are considered as the working product of such analysis Sprints.
- B. You advise the Product Owner to rely on others in the Scrum Team and the stakeholders to formulate the Product Backlog, as they are the ones that are up to speed. By questioning them and working with them the Product Owner will quickly become more productive.
- C. You inform the Product Owner that, in today's highly competitive markets, it is important that the Developers are updated on changing business priorities on a daily basis. It is why Scrum has this daily meeting. At this Daily Scrum the Developers can adapt to the changes in scope without delay.
- D. You advise the Product Owner to start building a good relationship with the stakeholders of the product. On-going interaction with them is important to regularly align with changing organizational or market expectations. The Product Owner is also expected to invite the appropriate stakeholders to the Sprint Review.
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers.
The Product Owner is also accountable for managing the Product Backlog, which is an ordered list of what is needed in the product. The Product Owner should collaborate with the Developers and the stakeholders to create and refine the Product Backlog, as well as to define and communicate the product vision and goals.
Therefore, as a Scrum Master, you should direct the new Product Owner towards focusing on:
Building a good relationship with the stakeholders of the product (A), which is a valid option as it helps the Product Owner to understand and align with the changing organizational or market expectations, as well as to invite and receive feedback from the appropriate stakeholders during the Sprint Review, which is an event that inspects the outcome of the Sprint and determines future adaptations.
Relying on others in the Scrum Team and the stakeholders to formulate the Product Backlog (D), which is another valid option as it helps the Product Owner to leverage the functional and business insights of the Developers and the stakeholders, who are more familiar with the product and the customer needs. By questioning them and working with them, the Product Owner will quickly become more productive and effective.
The other options are not correct because they:
Inform the Product Owner that it is important that the Developers are updated on changing business priorities on a daily basis at the Daily Scrum (B), which is not a good option as it shows a misunderstanding of the purpose and format of the Daily Scrum, which is an event for the Developers to inspect their progress and plan their work for the next 24 hours, not a status report or a meeting for changing requirements or scope. The Product Owner should respect and support the Developers' commitment to their Sprint Goal and Sprint Backlog, and only introduce changes that do not endanger them.
Tell the Product Owner to make sure that there are no ambiguities or possible misunderstandings in the items on the Product Backlog by capturing the functional requirements during an analysis phase, which is not a good option as it shows a misunderstanding of the nature and process of the Product Backlog, which is a dynamic and emergent artifact that can change as more is learned about the product, users, market, and technology. The Product Owner should collaborate with the Developers to refine and clarify the Product Backlog items throughout the product development, not create detailed documents that are considered as final outputs of analysis Sprints.
References: : [Scrum Guide], The Product Owner : [Scrum Guide], The Product Backlog : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint Review : [Scrum Guide], The Scrum Master : [Scrum Guide], The Developers : [Scrum Guide], The Daily Scrum
質問 # 55
Who manages the progress of work during a Sprint?
- A. The Team Lead
- B. The Product Owner
- C. The Scrum Master
- D. The Development Team
正解：D
解説：
The Development Team is self-organized, thus manages and decides how to manage their own progress.
質問 # 56
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