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質問 # 86
You have deployed a new webapp with a public IP address on a cloud provider. However, you did not create any outputs for your code.
What is the best method to quickly find the IP address of the resource you deployed?
- A. Run terraform output ip_address to view the result
- B. Run terraform state list to find the name of the resource, then terraform state show to find the attributes including public IP address
- C. Run terraform destroy then terraform apply and look for the IP address in stdout
- D. In a new folder, use the terraform_remote_state data source to load in the state file, then write an output for each resource that you find the state file
正解：B
解説：
This is a quick way to inspect the state file and find the information you need without modifying anything5. The other options are either incorrect or inefficient.
質問 # 87
Which of these ate secure options for storing secrets for connecting to a Terraform remote backend?
Choose two correct answers.
- A. Inside the backend block within the Terraform configuration
- B. Defined in a connection configuration outside of Terraform
- C. A variable file
- D. Defined in Environment variables
正解：B、D
解説：
Environment variables and connection configurations outside of Terraform are secure options for storing secrets for connecting to a Terraform remote backend. Environment variables can be used to set values for input variables that contain secrets, such as backend access keys or tokens. Terraform will read environment variables that start with TF_VAR_ and match the name of an input variable. For example, if you have an input variable called backend_token, you can set its value with the environment variable TF_VAR_backend_token1. Connection configurations outside of Terraform are files or scripts that provide credentials or other information for Terraform to connect to a remote backend. For example, you can use a credentials file for the S3 backend2, or a shell script for the HTTP backend3. These files or scripts are not part of the Terraform configuration and can be stored securely in a separate location. The other options are not secure for storing secrets. A variable file is a file that contains values for input variables. Variable files are usually stored in the same directory as the Terraform configuration or in a version control system. This exposes the secrets to anyone who can access the files or the repository.
You should not store secrets in variable files1. Inside the backend block within the Terraform configuration is where you specify the type and settings of the remote backend. The backend block is part of the Terraform configuration and is usually stored in a version control system. This exposes the secrets to anyone who can access the configuration or the repository. You should not store secrets in the backend block4. Reference = [Terraform Input Variables]1, [Backend Type: s3]2, [Backend Type: http]3,
[Backend Configuration]4
質問 # 88
It is best practice to store secret data in the same version control repository as your Terraform configuration.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
It is not a best practice to store secret data in the same version control repository as your Terraform configuration, as it could expose your sensitive information to unauthorized parties or compromise your security. You should use environment variables, vaults, or other mechanisms to store and provide secret data to Terraform.
質問 # 89
You want to know from which paths Terraform is loading providers referenced in your Terraform configuration (* files). You need to enable additional logging messages to find this out.
Which of the following would achieve this?
- A. Set the environment variable TF_log_TRACE
- B. Set the environment variable TF_LOG_PATH
- C. Set verbose for each provider in your Terraform configuration
- D. Set the environment variable TF_LOG_TRACE
正解：D
解説：
This will enable additional logging messages to find out from which paths Terraform is loading providers referenced in your Terraform configuration files, as it will set the log level to TRACE, which is the most verbose and detailed level.
質問 # 90
Running terraform fmt without any flags in a directory with Terraform configuration files check the formatting of those files without changing their contents.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：B
解説：
Running terraform fmt without any flags in a directory with Terraform configuration files will not check the formatting of those files without changing their contents, but will actually rewrite them to a canonical format and style. If you want to check the formatting without making changes, you need to use the - check flag.
質問 # 91
If a DevOps team adopts AWS CloudFormation as their standardized method for provisioning public cloud resoruces, which of the following scenarios poses a challenge for this team?
- A. The team is asked to build a reusable code based that can deploy resources into any AWS region
- B. The DevOps team is tasked with automating a manual, web console-based provisioning.
- C. The organization decides to expand into Azure wishes to deploy new infrastructure
- D. The team is asked to manage a new application stack built on AWS-native services
正解：C
質問 # 92
Which command add existing resources into Terraform state?
- A. Terraform refresh
- B. All of these
- C. Terraform plan
- D. Terraform import
- E. Terraform init
正解：D
解説：
This is the command that can add existing resources into Terraform state, by matching them with the corresponding configuration blocks in your files.
質問 # 93
The_________determines how Terraform creates, updates, or delete resources.
- A. Terraform configuration
- B. Terraform provider
- C. Terraform core
- D. Terraform provisioner
正解：B
解説：
This is what determines how Terraform creates, updates, or deletes resources, as it is responsible for understanding API interactions with some service and exposing resources and data sources based on that API.
質問 # 94
You're building a CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) pipeline and need to inject sensitive variables into your Terraform run.
How can you do this safely?
- A. Pass variables to Terraform with a -var flag
- B. Store the sensitive variables as plain text in a source code repository
- C. Store the sensitive variables in a secure_varS.tf file
- D. Copy the sensitive variables into your Terraform code
正解：A
解説：
This is a secure way to inject sensitive variables into your Terraform run, as they will not be stored in any file or source code repository. You can also use environment variables or variable files with encryption to pass sensitive variables to Terraform.
質問 # 95
Which Terraform collection type should you use to store key/value pairs?
- A. Tuple
- B. Map
- C. Set
- D. list
正解：B
解説：
The Terraform collection type that should be used to store key/value pairs is map. A map is a collection of values that are accessed by arbitrary labels, called keys. The keys and values can be of any type, but the keys must be unique within a map. For example, var = { key1 = "value1", key2 = "value2" } is a map with two key/value pairs. Maps are useful for grouping related values together, such as configuration options or metadata. Reference = [Collection Types], [Map Type Constraints]
質問 # 96
Which of the following is not a valid siring function in Terraform?
- A. slice
- B. join
- C. choaf
- D. Split
正解：C
解説：
This is not a valid string function in Terraform. The other options are valid string functions that can manipulate strings in various ways2.
質問 # 97
Which of the following does terraform apply change after you approve the execution plan? (Choose two.)
- A. Cloud infrastructure Most Voted
- B. Terraform code
- C. The execution plan
- D. State file
- E. The .terraform directory
正解：A、D
解説：
The terraform apply command changes both the cloud infrastructure and the state file after you approve the execution plan. The command creates, updates, or destroys the infrastructure resources to match the configuration. It also updates the state file to reflect the new state of the infrastructure. The .terraform directory, the execution plan, and the Terraform code are not changed by the terraform apply command.
Reference = Command: apply and Purpose of Terraform State
質問 # 98
How does the Terraform cloud integration differ from other state backends such as S3, Consul,etc?
- A. It is only arable lo paying customers
- B. All of the above
- C. It can execute Terraform runs on dedicated infrastructure in Terraform Cloud
- D. It doesn't show the output of a terraform apply locally
正解：C
解説：
This is how the Terraform Cloud integration differs from other state backends such as S3, Consul, etc., as it allows you to perform remote operations on Terraform Cloud's servers instead of your local machine. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant.
質問 # 99
Why does this backend configuration not follow best practices?
- A. You should not store credentials in Terraform configuration
- B. An alias meta-argument should be included in backend blocks whenever possible
- C. You should use the local enhanced storage backend whenever possible
- D. The backend configuration should contain multiple credentials so that more than one user can execute terraform plan and terraform apply
正解：A
解説：
This is a bad practice, as it exposes your credentials to anyone who can access your configuration files or state files. You should use environment variables, credential files, or other mechanisms to provide credentials to Terraform.
質問 # 100
When do changes invoked by terraform apply take effect?
- A. None of the above are correct
- B. After Terraform has updated the state file
- C. Once the resource provider has fulfilled the request
- D. Immediately
正解：C
解説：
Changes invoked by terraform apply take effect once the resource provider has fulfilled the request, not after Terraform has updated the state file or immediately. The state file is only a reflection of the real resources, not a source of truth.
質問 # 101
As a developer, you want to ensure your plugins are up to date with the latest versions.
Which Terraform command should you use?
- A. terraform init -upgrade
- B. terraform apply -upgrade
- C. terraform providers -upgrade
- D. terraform refresh -upgrade
正解：A
解説：
This command will upgrade the plugins to the latest acceptable version within the version constraints specified in the configuration. The other commands do not have an -upgrade option.
質問 # 102
You've used Terraform to deploy a virtual machine and a database. You want to replace this virtual machine instance with an identical one without affecting the database.
What is the best way to achieve this using Terraform?
- A. Use the terraform taint command targeting the VMs then run terraform plan and terraform apply
- B. Use the terraform apply command targeting the VM resources only
- C. Use the terraform state rm command to remove the VM from state file
- D. Delete the Terraform VM resources from your Terraform code then run terraform plan and terraform apply
正解：A
解説：
The terraform taint command marks a resource as tainted, which means it will be destroyed and recreated on the next apply. This way, you can replace the VM instance without affecting the database or other resources. Reference = [Terraform Taint]
質問 # 103
How is terraform import run?
- A. All of the above
- B. As a part of terraform plan
- C. As a part of terraform init
- D. By an explicit call
- E. As a part of terraform refresh
正解：D
解説：
The terraform import command is not part of any other Terraform workflow. It must be explicitly invoked by the user with the appropriate arguments, such as the resource address and the ID of the existing infrastructure to import. Reference = [Importing Infrastructure]
質問 # 104
Which of the following statements about Terraform modules is not true?
- A. A module is a container for one or more resources
- B. Modules must be publicly accessible
- C. Modules can call other modules
- D. You can call the same module multiple times
正解：B
解説：
This is not true, as modules can be either public or private, depending on your needs and preferences.
You can use the Terraform Registry to publish and consume public modules, or use Terraform Cloud or Terraform Enterprise to host and manage private modules.
質問 # 105
Any user can publish modules to the public Terraform Module Registry.
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
The Terraform Registry allows any user to publish and share modules. Published modules support versioning, automatically generate documentation, allow browsing version histories, show examples and READMEs, and more. Public modules are managed via Git and GitHub, and publishing a module takes only a few minutes. Once a module is published, releasing a new version of a module is as simple as pushing a properly formed Git tag1.
Reference = The information can be verified from the Terraform Registry documentation on Publishing Modules provided by HashiCorp Developer1.
質問 # 106
You ate creating a Terraform configuration which needs to make use of multiple providers, one for AWS and one for Datadog.
Which of the following provider blocks would allow you to do this?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
正解：C
解説：
Option C is the correct way to configure multiple providers in a Terraform configuration. Each provider block must have a name attribute that specifies which provider it configures2. The other options are either missing the name attribute or using an invalid syntax.
質問 # 107
Which of the following commands would you use to access all of the attributes and details of a resource managed by Terraform?
- A. terraform state show 'provider_type.name'
- B. terraform state list 'provider_type.name'
- C. terraform state list
- D. terraform get 'provider_type.name'
正解：A
解説：
The terraform state show command allows you to access all of the attributes and details of a resource managed by Terraform. You can use the resource address (e.g. provider_type.name) as an argument to show the information about a specific resource. The terraform state list command only shows the list of resources in the state, not their attributes. The terraform get command downloads and installs modules needed for the configuration. It does not show any information about resources. Reference = [Command:
state show] and [Command: state list]
質問 # 108
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