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質問 # 23
To enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of the test design phase, the purchase of a test design tool is being considered. Which one of these statements best characterizes a test design tool?
- A. A test design tool enables individual tests to be traced to requirements
- B. A test design tool enables tests to be executed automatic ally.
- C. A test design tool generates test inputs from requirements
- D. A test design tool validates models of the software.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A test design tool is a tool that helps testers create test cases, or at least test inputs, based on the requirements and specifications of the software. It can use various techniques, such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transition diagrams, etc., to generate test inputs that cover different aspects of the software functionality and quality. A test design tool does not validate models of the software, execute tests automatically, or trace tests to requirements, although these may be features of other types of testing tools. References = What Is Test Design : Tools and Best Practices; Test Design in Software Testing - A Comprehensive Guide; ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, section 3.2.1.
質問 # 24
When preparing test cases for an interoperability test, not all interactions may be clearly specified in the requirements documents. Which type of document is typically also used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing?
- A. Functional specifications
- B. Component specifications
- C. User stories
- D. System architecture document
正解：A
質問 # 25
Based on the tax system specification as described below, using boundary value analysis, which would be the best test set to explicitly test on single boundary value fully?
Tax system
A tax system needs to be updated due to new legislation. For a person with a salary of less than € 20 000 and who is married, the tax needs to be recalculated.
If a person has at least three and less than six children, an additional 10% reduction is applicable.
- A. Test set (iv)
- B. Test set (i)
- C. Test set (ii)
- D. Test set (iii)
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Test set (i) is the best option as it tests the boundary condition of a salary of less than €20,000 and being married, with a varying number of children including the boundary value of three children. This test set covers the minimum and maximum values for the salary and the number of children, as well as the nominal values.
The other test sets donot test the boundary value of the salary or the number of children fully, as they either omit or repeat some values. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Boundary Value Analysis and Equivalence Partitioning Testing2, section "Boundary Value Analysis"
* Equivalence Partitioning Method3, section "Example 1: Equivalence and Boundary Value"
質問 # 26
During which test stage is functional appropriateness typically tested?
- A. Adaptability testing
- B. Component testing
- C. Operability testing
- D. System testing
正解：B
質問 # 27
You have been assigned to design test cases to be used by an experienced team to test software that controls the braking mechanism for commuter trains. Before the software can be released, the test evidence will be reviewed by an external safety team to ensure that test coverage is sufficient and that risk mitigation has achieved the appropriate level.
What level of test cases should be written for this application?
- A. High-level test cases using tester-created data
- B. High-level test cases using predefined data
- C. Low-level test cases using predefined data
- D. Low-level test cases using tester-created data
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Low-level test cases are more suitable for testing software that controls the braking mechanism for commuter trains, as they provide more detail and specificity for verifying the functionality and safety of the system1. Low-level test cases also use predefined data, which is more reliable and consistent than tester-created data, and can be easily traced to the test conditions and requirements2. High-level test cases are more abstract and vague, and may not cover all the possible scenarios and risks involved in testing such a critical system3.
References = 1: Test Case Design: a Guide for QA Engineers With Examples 2: How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing with Examples 3: Test Case vs Test Scenario - Difference Between Them
質問 # 28
Consider the following requirement:
The system shall allow cash advances of at least 200 Euros for all supported credit cards The following credit cards are supported- American Express, Diners, VISA, Mastercard and Eurocard.
The requirement has been identified as business critical.
The following test conditions have been derived:
1. The system shall allow cash advances of at least 200 Euros
2. It shall support American Express, Diners, VISA, Mastercard and Eurocard.
Assume you are following a risk-based testing strategy, where likelihood and impact are both assessed on a five-point scale ranging from very low to very high The requirement R1 was identified as a risk item during the quality risk analysis process. In total 20 risk items were identified during thisprocess Assume that technical project stakeholders have assessed the likelihood of the requirementR1 risk item at a medium levelGiven only the information above, which of the following statements is true?
- A. The test cases associated with requirement R1 must be run towards the middle of the test execution period.
- B. A large number of test cases should be designed for requirement R1, based on impact
- C. The risk impact for requirement R1 should be categorized as high or very high
- D. The test cases associated with requirement R1 shall be run first in the test execution period
正解：C
質問 # 29
Which of the following appropriate tasks for the Test Analyst is performed during the test analysis phase?
- A. Review test estimates
- B. Evaluate status against exit criteria
- C. Create a test execution schedule
- D. Examine the test basis
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The test basis is the collection of documents that provide the basis for testing, such as requirements, design documents, user manuals, etc. The test analyst examines the test basis to understand the scope and objectives of testing, as well as the risks and assumptions involved. This task is performed during the test analysis phase, which is the first phase of the test process. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi1, page 10
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, page 2
* Test Analysis and Test Design are key for software testing3, section "Test Analysis"
質問 # 30
You have been working as a Test Analyst for a customer-facing application that is critical to the reputation of your company. You have worked with business users to create use cases and captured a variety of scenarios, including both main and alternate paths. You have managed to create a suite of use cases that portrays a realistic usage model of the system.
Because of this, you will also be able to use these use cases for what other type of testing?
- A. Experience-based testing
- B. Defect-based testing
- C. Performance testing
- D. FMEA
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Use cases can be used for performance testing to measure the response time and throughput of the system under different workloads and scenarios. Use cases describe the process flows through the system based on its most likely use, which can help to simulate realistic user behavior and identify potential bottlenecks and performance issues.
References =
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.2.2, page 411
* How to write a performance test case | MyLoadTest2
* Performance Testing Types, Steps, Best Practices, and Metrics - Stackify3
質問 # 31
During test execution defects have been found including non-compliance to requirements, calculations that produce incorrect results, and improper handling of data or situations.
Which of the following test types is most likely being performed?
- A. Interoperability testing
- B. Functional correctness testing
- C. Usability testing
- D. Functional appropriateness testing
正解：D
質問 # 32
Asa Test Analyst, you have been given a set of requirements that have been defined for the payment module of a new public transport system The set includes the following requirements:
P101 The product shall calculate the lowest fare for the destination considering day of week and time, (priority: medium) P102 The product shall compare the traveler's payment with the calculated payment (priority: high) P103 The product shall provide feedback if the payment is not sufficient (priority: high) P104 The product will process payments within 20 seconds at all priority 1 stations during peak hours (priority high) Which set of requirements will typically be tested by a Test Analyst?
- A. P101, P102, P104
- B. P102, P103, P104
- C. P101,P102, P103
- D. P101, P103, P104
正解：C
質問 # 33
Based on the system state transition diagram of an ATM system shown below, using the state transition test technique which of the following is an example of a test case required to achieve 1-switch coverage?
- A. 1st try -> 2nd try -> eat card
- B. 1 st try -> 2nd try -> 3rd try
- C. 1 st try-> 2nd try
- D. 1 st try -> 2nd try -> 3rd try -> access to act
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
1-switch coverage means that every possible transition from one state to another is tested at least once. Option C is the only test case that covers the transition from 2nd try to eat card, which is not covered by any other option. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 58, section 4.3.2.2.
質問 # 34
Your Test Manager has assigned you to work with selected business users to ensure the application under test has met usability requirements, and has met your business users' expectations. Which of the following would be appropriate for your given task?
- A. Design a variety of test cases focused on functional outcomes
- B. Apply structure-based techniques to ensure the data flow matches the use case specifications
- C. Strictly monitor testing to ensure that all aspects of the application comply with all written requirements
- D. Conduct pre-test interviews to give instructions to the users, and post-test interviews to get their feedback
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isC.Conduct pre-test interviews to give instructions to the users, and post-test interviews to get their feedback.
Pre-test and post-test interviews
Pre-test and post-test interviews are methods of usability testing that involve communicating with the business users before and after they test the application. Pre-test interviews can help to explain the purpose and scope of the test, provide instructions and guidance, and establish rapport with the users.Post-test interviews can help to collect feedback, opinions, and suggestions from the users, as well as identify any issues or problems they encountered during the test1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* Usability Testing 101: A Guide for Businesses4, Section 5. How to Conduct a Usability Test
質問 # 35
You are building tests using the classification tree below. You have been told that pairwise testing would be a good approach to this problem. When you apply the pairwise testing technique what would be the expected effect on the number of test cases?
- A. Pairwise testing would not be applicable for this problem
- B. Pairwise testing will have no effect on the number of test cases
- C. Pairwise testing will require fewer test cases than exhaustive testing
- D. Pairwise testing would not be possible because equivalence partitions have not been defined
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Pairwise testing is a technique that reduces the number of test cases by testing only pairs of values for each data item, instead of testing all possible combinations. Pairwise testing is based on the assumption that most defects are caused by interactions of at most two factors. Pairwise testing can be applied to this problem using the classification tree, which shows the data items and their values. By using pairwise testing, the number of test cases will be lower than exhaustive testing, which would require testing every combination of values for each data item. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Data Combination Test (DCoT) | TMap2, section "Coverage level"
* Pairwise Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks3, section "Introduction"
質問 # 36
When preparing test cases for an interoperability test, not all interactions may be clearly specified in the requirements documents. Which type of document is typically also used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing?
- A. Component specifications
- B. User stories
- C. Functional specifications
- D. System architecture document
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A system architecture document is a document that describes the structure and behavior of a system, including its components, interfaces, communication protocols, and dependencies. It is typically used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing, as it provides the necessary information to design test cases that cover the interactions between different systems or components. A system architecture document can also help to identify potential risks and challenges related to interoperability testing, such as compatibility issues, performance bottlenecks, security vulnerabilities, and data integrity problems. References = Interoperability Testing in Software Testing (Section 2.2), A Simple Guide to Interoperability Testing (with Examples) (Section 2.3), ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section
3.3.1)
質問 # 37
To enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of the test design phase, the purchase of a test design tool is being considered. Which one of these statements best characterizes a test design tool?
- A. A test design tool enables individual tests to be traced to requirements
- B. A test design tool enables tests to be executed automatic ally.
- C. A test design tool generates test inputs from requirements
- D. A test design tool validates models of the software.
正解：D
質問 # 38
Which of the following activities should normally occur during test analysis?
- A. Identifying test conditions
- B. Determining the execution order of test cases
- C. Developing test procedures
- D. Reporting test cases executed versus test cases planned
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Test analysis is the process of analyzing the test basis and defining the test objectives to establish the test conditions. Test conditions are the inputs and outputs that are used to define the scope and goals of testing.
Identifying test conditions is one of the main activities of test analysis, as it determines what to test in terms of measurable coverage criteria. The other options are activities that occur during other phases of the test process, such as test planning, test implementation, or test execution. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
* Software Testing - Test Analysis - GeeksforGeeks2, section "Test Analysis"
* What is Test Analysis? - Software Testing Mentor3, section "What is Test Analysis?"
質問 # 39
You are working on an Agile project to develop an ATM application and have been given the following story to review:
User Story #105, "Query balance and withdraw", Priority = 2, Version 1.0 Note: This story can only be implemented after the implementation of the following stories:
#101, "Login"
#102, "Verify valid account"
The user must be able to query the balance of his account and withdraw an amount of money not to exceed
$200 or his balance, whichever is less. The query results must return within three seconds.
The user must receive their cash and receipt within five seconds of completing the request.
Acceptance Criteria: The user queries his account and receives a correct response within three seconds. The user requests a valid withdrawal and receives his money and receipt within five seconds.
Which of the following is a problem that should be noted during a review of this story?
- A. The priority of this story is not stated
- B. The acceptance critena are nol clearty defined and testable
- C. The story contains more than one item of functionality
- D. Dependencies between this story and others are not clearly defined
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isD.The story contains more than one item of functionality.
The story contains more than one item of functionality
A user story should be small, simple, and focused on one item of functionality that delivers value to the user.
This story combines two items of functionality: querying the balance and withdrawing money. These items could be separated into two different stories, each with its own acceptance criteria and priority.This would make the stories easier to understand, estimate, test, and deliver1.
References=
* User Stories | Examples and Template | Atlassian2, Section User story best practices
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst3, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide4, Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process
質問 # 40
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