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CTAL-TA_SYLL2019認定試験では、テスト戦略と計画、テスト設計手法、テスト自動化、欠陥管理、リスクベースのテスト、トレーサビリティなど、幅広い高度なテストトピックを対象としています。この試験は45の複数選択の質問で構成されており、参加者は試験を完了するために120分を与えられます。認定を取得するには、65％の合格スコアが必要です。
質問 # 38
You are testing software that will be used on mobile devices by senior citizens to help them sign up for activities in a retirement home. The interface is modern with moving graphics and few words. There is no help included with the application. Given this information, what type of testing is needed to ensure the application is suitable for use?
- A. Functional correctness
- B. Functional accuracy
- C. Functional completeness
- D. Functional appropriateness
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isD.Functional appropriateness.
Functional appropriateness
Functional appropriateness is the type of testing that ensures the application is suitable for the intended purpose and the user's needs. It evaluates the relevance, usefulness, and user-friendliness of the application's functions and features. In this case, the application should be tested for its suitability for senior citizens, who may have different preferences, expectations, and abilities than younger users.The interface should be easy to understand, navigate, and operate, and the application should provide adequate help and feedback to the users1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* Usability Is Ageless: Conducting Usability Tests with Older Adults4, Section 1.1 Conceptualizing and Assessing Usability
質問 # 39
You are testing a dictionary lookup mobile application. When the user enters a word, the definition of that word is returned. This application will run on iOS and Android, on the latest versions of the devices and the operating systems, plus all devices and operating system released in the last three years.
The target users are university students.
Which of the following is a test condition that can be used to verify the usability quality characteristic?
- A. If an error occurs, the user should be able to recover the last word entered
- B. The memory footprint of the application should not exceed 40mb on the target device
- C. The user should be able to change the font size on the screen
- D. If the user tries to create a password that does not conform to the requirements, an error is displayed
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isC.The user should be able to change the font size on the screen.
The user should be able to change the font size on the screen
This is a test condition that can be used to verify the usability quality characteristic because it tests the user-friendliness and customizability of the application. It verifies that the user can adjust the font size according to their preference and readability, which can enhance the user experience and satisfaction.It also reflects the learnability and operability sub-characteristics of usability, as the user should be able to easily find and use the font size option1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* How to Perform Usability Testing for Mobile Apps4, Section 3. Usability Testing Methods
質問 # 40
Rather than developing an e-commerce product, management has decided to acquire a COTS package The e-commerce product needs to interface.
with backend applications such a finance, stock control and order delivery. You are asked to define a test plan for this project.
Given just the information in the scenario, which of the following software quality characteristics must be included in your test plan?
- A. Reliability
- B. Interoperability
- C. Maintainability
- D. Portability
正解：C
質問 # 41
In the initial release of an insurance risk assignment application, a variety of test techniques were employed, especially equivalence partitioning.
After a thorough root cause analysis of this release, it was determined that the developers tended to incorrectly use ">" and "<" rather than the ">=" and " <= " in the code at several decision points.
This caused several borderline cases to be handled incorrectly.
Based on this analysis, how would you modify your test strategy for the next version's release?
- A. Ensure that decision tables are used throughout the testing process
- B. Re-analyze the test basis and create a state transition diagram to ensure all transitions are properly tested
- C. Create test cases using boundary value analysis techniques
- D. Use the same approach, but schedule 50% more time for regression testing
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Boundary value analysis is a technique that focuses on testing the values at the boundaries of valid and invalid partitions. It is suitable for testing the errors caused by incorrect use of relational operators in the code, such as
">" and "<" instead of ">=" and"<=". By creating test cases using boundary value analysis, the tester can verify that the system handles the borderline cases correctly and does not miss any edge cases.
References =
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.2.2, page 411
* Software Testing - Boundary Value Analysis - GeeksforGeeks2
* State Transition Testing - Diagram & Technique (Example) - Guru993
質問 # 42
You have just attended a cross-functional meeting during which a list of risk items was reviewed. After much discussion, each item was assigned a likelihood and impact rating by the group. Although there was some disagreement, the outcome was generally accepted by everyone who participated. You will now be working on planning the testing to address the identified risks in priority order. When you execute the tests, you will be conducting what type of activity?
- A. Risk planning
- B. Risk mitigation
- C. Risk assessment
- D. Risk identification
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Risk mitigation is the process of implementing actions to reduce the probability and/or impact of risks1. When you execute the tests in priority order based on the risk ratings, you are performing risk mitigation, as you are trying to prevent or minimize the potential failures and defects in the system2. Risk planning, identification, and assessment are the previous steps in the risk management process, which help to prepare for risk mitigation3.
References = 1: Risk Mitigation - Planning, Implementing, and Monitoring 2: Risk Based Testing Approach for Agile Teams 3: The Ultimate Guide to Risk Based Testing: Risk Management in Software Testing
質問 # 43
Which of the following descriptions is an example of the use of defect taxonomies?
- A. Using a list of known defect types to penetrate the security of computer systems
- B. Running tests with the aim of finding as many defects as possible
- C. Grouping defects found during execution by functional area
- D. Following a defect management process throughout testing
正解：A
質問 # 44
You are testing the processing of a critical traffic control system to which various regulations apply The processing of the input variables is dependent on defined ranges within which the actual retrieved data values can lie.
Which of the following black-box test techniques should you use to test the processing functionality of this system?
- A. Equivalence partitioning enhanced with boundary value analysis
- B. State transition testing
- C. Pairwise testing
- D. Use case testing
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Equivalence partitioning is a black-box test technique that divides the input domain of a system into partitions of equivalent data. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests the boundaries of these partitions, where errors are more likely to occur. These techniques are suitable for testing the processing functionality of a critical traffic control system, as they can ensure that the system handles the input variables within the defined ranges and detects any invalid or out-of-range values. References = Black Box Testing Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (Section 5.1 and 5.2), ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section 3.2.1 and 3.2.2)
質問 # 45
While experience-based testing can be very effective, it does have some drawbacks. What is a drawback of experience-based testing?
- A. It can be time-consuming and create a large amount of test documentation
- B. It requires an extensive amount of pre-planning by experienced testers
- C. It is too structured for some test situations
- D. It is difficult to achieve specific test coverage levels
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Experience-based testing is a technique that relies on the tester's intuition, skills, and past experiences to create test scenarios. However, this approach makes it challenging to measure and assess the test coverage, as there is no clear criteria or method to determine which areas of the software have been tested and which have not. This can lead to gaps in the testing process and potential risks of missing defects1 References =
* ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.3.1, page 462
* Experience Based Testing: What It Is and Why It Matters?3
* Experience based testing technique - ToolsQA4
質問 # 46
When preparing test cases for an interoperability test, not all interactions may be clearly specified in the requirements documents. Which type of document is typically also used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing?
- A. Component specifications
- B. System architecture document
- C. User stories
- D. Functional specifications
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A system architecture document is a document that describes the structure and behavior of a system, including its components, interfaces, communication protocols, and dependencies. It is typically used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing, as it provides the necessary information to design test cases that cover the interactions between different systems or components. A system architecture document can also help to identify potential risks and challenges related to interoperability testing, such as compatibility issues, performance bottlenecks, security vulnerabilities, and data integrity problems. References = Interoperability Testing in Software Testing (Section 2.2), A Simple Guide to Interoperability Testing (with Examples) (Section 2.3), ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section
3.3.1)
質問 # 47
A new web site must operate correctly with different browsers (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari), using different plug-ins (Realplayer, Mediaplayer), will be receiving pages from different servers (IIS, Apache and WebLogic) and will be running on various operating systems (Windows, Android, iOS and Linux).
Which of the following test techniques should you use to define the required test cases for testing this new web site in its variousenvironments?
- A. Decision table testing
- B. Pairwise testing
- C. Use case testing
- D. Exploratory testing
正解：A
質問 # 48
Based on the system state transition diagram of an ATM system shown below, using the state transition test technique which of the following is an example of a test case required to achieve 1-switchcoverage?
- A. 1 st try -> 2nd try -> 3rd try
- B. 1st try -> 2nd try -> eat card
- C. 1 st try-> 2nd try
- D. 1 st try -> 2nd try -> 3rd try -> access to act
正解：D
質問 # 49
Consider the following use case for a "pick your dog" application called "Shelter Search".
1. The user enters his zip code
2. The user enters his breed choice
3. The system displays the list of shelters within a 30 mile radius of the user's zip code which have the selected breed
4. The user selects a shelter
5. The system displays the available appointment times for the next seven days
6. The user selects an appointment time
7. The system records the user's appointment
8. The system displays the address and phone number for the selected shelter
9. The system confirms the user's appointment
Alternate Paths:
1a. The user cancels out
2a. The user doesn't find their choice
2b. The user enters their breed choice in the "other" text field
3a. No shelters are found with the selected breed
3b The user is prompted to enter a larger search radius
4a. The user cancels out
5a. There are no appointments available in the next seven days
5b. The user is asked if they want to search the next 30 days
6a. The user cancels out
7a. The system cannot record the appointment
7b. The system displays an error
8a. The system cannot display the address
8b. The system displays an error
How many test cases will be needed to achieve minimum coverage of this use case?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：A
質問 # 50
For an ATM banking project the following applies: "When the user first inserts a valid credit card, the system considers the user to be in an unauthenticated state. When requesting a cash advance, the user must be in an authenticated state. The user authenticates by entering the correct PIN code for the card they have used.
During the user authentication, the system shall allow the user to enter their PIN code up to three times before failing the authentication and rejecting the card. On the first and second try, the system shall prompt the user to re-enter the PIN code "Suppose you are concerned that, depending on the number of invalid PIN codes entered, the system may behave incorrectly. Which of the following test design techniques is specifically targeted at finding such failures?
- A. Equivalence partitioning
- B. Classification tree technique
- C. Pairwise testing
- D. State transition testing using 1-switch coverage
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
State transition testing is a technique that models the behavior of a system as a finite number of states and the transitions between them. It is suitable for testing systems that have different outcomes depending on the previous history of inputs and events. In this case, the ATM system has different states depending on whether the user has entered a valid or invalid PIN code, and how many times they have tried. 1-switch coverage is a criterion that requires testing all possible pairs of transitions from one state to another. This can help to find failures that occur when the system changes from one state to another, or when the system does not change state when it should. For example, 1-switch coverage would test the following scenarios:
* User enters a valid PIN code on the first try and requests a cash advance (valid transition from unauthenticated to authenticated state)
* User enters an invalid PIN code on the first try and then a valid PIN code on the second try and requests a cash advance (valid transition from unauthenticated to authenticated state after one invalid attempt)
* User enters an invalid PIN code on the first and second try and then a valid PIN code on the third try and requests a cash advance (valid transition from unauthenticated to authenticated state after two invalid attempts)
* User enters an invalid PIN code on the first, second, and third try and the system rejects the card (valid transition from unauthenticated to rejected state after three invalid attempts)
* User enters a valid PIN code on the first try and then requests a cash advance twice (invalid transition from authenticated to authenticated state without inserting the card again)
* User enters a valid PIN code on the first try and then removes the card and inserts it again and requests a cash advance (invalid transition from authenticated to unauthenticated state without entering the PIN code again) References = ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, section 3.2.3; How to Design Test Cases Using State Transition Testing Technique?; 0 and 1 - Switch Coverage in State Transition Testing?
質問 # 51
Based on the tax system specification as described below, using boundary value analysis, which would be the best test set to explicitly test on single boundary value fully?
Tax system
A tax system needs to be updated due to new legislation. For a person with a salary of less than € 20 000 and who is married, the tax needs to be recalculated.
If a person has at least three and less than six children, an additional 10% reduction is applicable.
- A. Test set (i)
- B. Test set (ii)
- C. Test set (iv)
- D. Test set (iii)
正解：D
質問 # 52
What type of testing would focus on completeness, appropriateness, and correctness characteristics of the application under test?
- A. Usability testing
- B. Reliability testing
- C. Efficiency testing
- D. Functional testing
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isA.Functional testing.
Functional testing
Functional testing is the type of testing that focuses on completeness, appropriateness, and correctness characteristics of the application under test. Completeness means that all the functions and features of the application are tested. Appropriateness means that the functions and features are suitable for the intended purpose and meet the user'sneeds.Correctness means that the functions and features produce the expected results and do not contain any errors or defects1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst3, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide4, Section 3.2.2 Functionality
質問 # 53
For an ATM banking project the following applies: "When the user first inserts a valid credit card, the system considers the user to be in an unauthenticated state. When requesting a cash advance, the user must be in an authenticated state. The user authenticates by entering the correct PIN code for the card they have used.
During the user authentication, the system shall allow the user to enter their PIN code up to three times before failing the authentication and rejecting the card. On the first and second try, the system shall prompt the user to re-enter the PIN code " Suppose you are concerned that, depending on the number of invalid PIN codes entered, the system may behave incorrectly. Which of the following test design techniques is specifically targeted at finding such failures?
- A. Equivalence partitioning
- B. Classification tree technique
- C. Pairwise testing
- D. State transition testing using 1-switch coverage
正解：D
質問 # 54
You are a test analyst for a company that produces video games in large quantities for the consumer market.
You have been assigned to ensure that the latest product meets the usability requirements specified by your market research division and meets the expectations of your targeted audience. How might you go about determining if the product you are testing is acceptable?
- A. Conduct black-box testing to ensure that the system produced matches all written requirements documentation
- B. Incorporate SUMI to provide objective usability acceptance criteria
- C. Use SEI/CMM modeling to ensure compliance with usability requirements
- D. Ensure adequate training for the UAT testers so they use the system as designed
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer isD.Incorporate SUMI to provide objective usability acceptance criteria.
SUMI
SUMI stands for Software Usability Measurement Inventory, which is a questionnaire-based method for measuring user satisfaction with software products, including video games. SUMI can provide objective and reliable feedback on the usability aspects of the product, such as efficiency, effectiveness, learnability, helpfulness, and enjoyment.SUMI can also help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the product and compare it with other similar products or benchmarks1.
References=
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst2, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide3, Section 3.2.2 Usability
* SUMI User Manual4, Section 1.1 What is SUMI?
質問 # 55
Which of the following testing objectives would NOT be in focus for the Test Analyst during installability testing?
- A. Testing the functional correctness of installation and de-installation procedures.
- B. Testing that different configurations of the software can be successfully installed
- C. Testing whether a given application can function correctly in all intended target environments.
- D. Identifying usability issues in installation and de-installation procedures
正解：C
質問 # 56
Which of the following software development lifecycle models requires the earliest involvement from the Test Analyst?
- A. Embedded iterative model
- B. Agile development model
- C. V-model
- D. Maintenance lifecycle
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The agile development model requires the earliest involvement from the test analyst because it is a flexible and iterative approach that delivers software in short cycles called sprints. The test analyst plays a key role in planning, designing, executing, and reporting on the testing activities for each sprint. References =
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi1, page 10
* ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst2, page 2
* Understanding the SDLC: Software Development Lifecycle Explained3, section "Agile model"
質問 # 57
Based on the classification tree shown below, using the pairwise testing technique how many test cases are required to test all pairs?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Pairwise testing is a technique that tests all possible discrete combinations of each pair of input parameters. In this case, there are two main categories: Colour and Shape. Under Colour, there are three subcategories: Red, Blue, and Green. Under Shape, there are two subcategories: Triangle and Circle. There is an additional category under Triangle labeled Size of triangle, with two subcategories: Small and Large. To test all pairs of these parameters, we need to use a tool or an algorithm that can generate the optimal test cases. One such tool is Pairwise.org, which can produce the following test cases:
Table
Colour
Shape
Size of triangle
Red
Triangle
Small
Blue
Circle
-
Green
Triangle
Large
Red
Circle
-
Blue
Triangle
Small
Green
Circle
-
Red
Triangle
Large
Blue
Triangle
Large
These eight test cases cover all pairs of parameters, such as Red-Triangle, Red-Small, Blue-Circle, etc.
Therefore, the answer is B. 8. References = Pairwise Testing or All-Pairs Testing Tutorial with Tools and Examples, Pairwise Testing - What It Is, When & How to Perform?, All-pairs testing - Wikiwand, ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst (Section 3.2.3)
質問 # 58
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ISQI CTAL-TA_Syll2019試験は、ソフトウェアテストの分野で最も権威ある認定の一つで、広く認知されています。この認定は、経験豊富なソフトウェアテスターがスキルを向上させ、テスト分析の専門家になるために設計されています。この試験は、2019年にISTQB（国際ソフトウェアテスト資格委員会）が発表した最新のシラバスに基づいており、候補者が最新の業界標準とベストプラクティスについて最新情報を得られるようにしています。
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