CIPS L4M4日常練習試験は2025年最新のに更新された180問あります
有効問題を試そう！L4M4試験で実際の試験問題と解答
CIPS L4M4 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 40
In which instance would multiple sourcing be the most applicable approach?
- A. Sourcing for components required at short notice
- B. Sourcing a specialised, unique component where the supplier's knowledge is key
- C. Sourcing for the provision of a service, where close relationship management is required
- D. Sourcing for high-cost, strategically important components
正解：A
解説：
Multiple sourcing is particularly advantageous for ensuring quick delivery and preventing stock-outs, as it provides the flexibility to source from multiple suppliers. This approach aligns with responsible sourcing by ensuring continuity and reducing risks in the supply chain.
質問 # 41
In a negotiation, a supplier does not want to upset or offend the buyer, so concedes their own requirement in order to ensure harmony. Which negotiation tactic is the supplier using?
- A. competitive
- B. collaborative
- C. compromising
- D. accommodating
正解：D
解説：
This is accommodating: the supplier puts the buyer's interest above his own.
This is from the Thomas Killman model of conflict resolution. There are 5 strategies; competitive, collaborative, avoiding, accommodating and compromising. In the study guide it doesn't mention the name of the model but you do need to know the 5 strategies. The model comes up a lot in other modules so is a good one to learn. Particularly L5M1 which is about management theory.
質問 # 42
Tracey Collum is a procurement professional and married to Nick Collum.
Tracey has been leading a tender for a new radar system, where four suppliers have submitted their bids.
After the bids were received, Nick joined one of the suppliers (Supplier X) as the project director for radar systems.
Nick has asked Tracey to award the contract to Supplier X. What should Tracey do?
- A. Ask to be removed from the tender due to a conflict of interest and complete a conflict of interest form
- B. Award the contract to Supplier X because Tracey can ask for a better price because they are married
- C. Remove Supplier X from the tender due to a conflict of interest and continue with the tender
- D. Award the contract to Supplier X because Nick will be promoted if Supplier X wins the contract
正解：A
解説：
To maintain integrity and avoid conflicts of interest, Tracey should declare the conflict and remove herself from the tender process. Ethical sourcing practices emphasize transparency and fairness, which prevent potential biases and maintain trust within procurement processes.
質問 # 43
Tendering is a more formal and regimented process than sending out requests for quotations. Which of the following are services that are often put out to tender? Select THREE.
- A. cleaning
- B. security
- C. office supplies
- D. consultancy
- E. provision of raw materials
正解：A、D、E
解説：
security, consultancy and cleaning are services which are often tendered as they tend to be high value and complex opportunities.
Office supplies and raw materials have less variables so you could use a RFQ for these instead.
A hint for this is also the word services. Security, consultancy and cleaning are services. Raw Materials and Office Supplies are goods.
質問 # 44
What are some of the benefits of conducting unscheduled supplier audits? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Unscheduled audits significantly reduce costs compared to scheduled visits
- B. Unscheduled audits help to achieve an unbiased assessment
- C. Unscheduled audits increase the risk of providing misinformation
- D. Unscheduled audits are more time-efficient than scheduled audits
- E. Unscheduled audits help to identify non-compliance issues
正解：B、E
解説：
Unscheduled audits can provide an unbiased view of supplier practices and help identify compliance issues that might be hidden during scheduled audits. This approach supports responsible sourcing by ensuring accurate assessments of ethical and quality standards.
質問 # 45
A company has a low gearing of 20%. This shows that the company relies on equity capital and should therefore have less difficulty coping during tough economic times. Is this statement TRUE?
- A. No- a low gearing shows you that a company isn't likely to be profitable
- B. Yes- a low gearing ratio means the company's finances are made up of equity rather than debt
- C. Yes- a low gearing ratio shows that the business is solvent and can deal with supply chain disruptions easily
- D. No- a low gearing suggests that the company is financed by long-term debt rather than equity
正解：B
解説：
the correct answer is 'Yes- a low gearing ratio means the company's finances are made up of equity rather than debt'.
Remember low gearing = good (based on equity), high gearing = bad (based on debt). Anything over 50% is considered high.
The two no answers are therefore incorrect and you can discount these straight away. The other yes answer is one of those answers which COULD be true, but isn't always true, and we'd need more information to know for sure. When you get options like this there will be one that is always right and one which is sometimes right - so always pick the always right one.
Dealing with supply chain disruptions is complex, and depending what the disruption is, how big it is, what the industry is etc determines whether a supplier can handle it or not. Because there's more factors to consider than just gearing, this isn't the right answer.
質問 # 46
'Phishing' is an activity that can occur when an employee within an organisation receives an email that appears to be from a genuine supplier but is false. These types of emails expose the organisation to the activities of expert cyber criminals. Which type of crime category does this activity fall within?
- A. Corruption
- B. Bribery
- C. Fraud
- D. Human rights
正解：C
解説：
Phishing is categorized as fraud because it involves deceptive practices to gain sensitive information or financial benefits. Responsible sourcing includes ensuring that cybersecurity measures are in place to prevent fraud and protect sensitive information within supply chains.
質問 # 47
Which of the following are considerations when evaluating quality as a criterion for supplier selection? Select TWO that apply.
- A. The existence of policies and initiatives toward more sustainable packaging and materials
- B. Certification to the management system ISO 9001
- C. The existence of Total Quality Management (TQM) and a continuous improvement culture
- D. The supplier's environmental impact analysis
- E. Certification to the management system ISO 14001
正解：B、C
解説：
Total Quality Management (TQM) practices and ISO 9001 certification are indicators of a supplier's commitment to quality. Responsible sourcing evaluates these factors to ensure suppliers meet high-quality standards and continuous improvement expectations.
質問 # 48
Elaine works for a British manufacturer of confectionary (sweets/ candy) items. One of the key ingredients is cocoa powder, which cannot be grown in the UK. Elaine therefore needs to look abroad for suppliers. Which of the following are risks that Elaine needs to consider when sourcing internationally? Select THREE
- A. currency exchange fluctuations
- B. shortened lead times
- C. ethical behavior
- D. export tariffs
- E. cultural differences
正解：A、C、E
解説：
The correct answers are; currency exchange fluctuations, ethical behavior and cultural differences.
Shortened lead times is not correct because sourcing internationally would result in longer lead times. Export tariffs is not correct as Elaine is importing the items into the UK, not exporting them.
質問 # 49
A procurement manager of a medium-sized company has suggested to their executive board that implementing an ISO environmental standard would improve procurement practices and reduce environmental and social impacts. However, some colleagues are concerned about the potential complexity and supplier resistance. Should the company go ahead with the recommendation?
- A. No, because ISO standards are only relevant to large organisations
- B. No, ISO standards are too complex for staff and suppliers to understand and follow
- C. Yes, implementation would guarantee that the company is compliant with all environmental laws
- D. Yes, as it would align with, and help to achieve, sustainability goals
正解：D
解説：
Adopting ISO environmental standards aligns procurement practices with sustainability goals and helps reduce environmental and social impacts. Although implementing ISO standards may require initial adjustments, they foster long-term benefits by promoting responsible and ethical sourcing practices across the supply chain.
質問 # 50
It is good practice for the procuring organisation's auditors to undertake the following upon completion of a supplier's audit. Select the TWO that apply.
- A. Report non-compliance to police and have the supplier arrested for lapses
- B. Inform the supplier of any non-conformances and improvement opportunities
- C. Call for a meeting with colleagues and share confidential details of the audit
- D. Prepare an audit report that may be shared with the supplier in advance
- E. Do nothing, after all, this is a known supplier incapable of serious breaches
正解：B、D
解説：
Informing suppliers of non-conformances and improvement opportunities supports responsible sourcing by promoting continuous improvement. Preparing a report for supplier review also aligns with transparency and collaborative improvement, integral to ethical sourcing standards.
質問 # 51
A balance sheet will show a company's assets, liabilities and shareholder equity. What is share-holder equity?
- A. the amount of money held in the company's bank account
- B. the profit from sales once tax has been deducted
- C. the amount of money from retained earnings
- D. the owners' residual claim once all debt has been paid
正解：D
解説：
shareholder equity = the owner/s of the organisation's residual claim once all debts have been paid. What Is Shareholder Equity (SE) and How Is It Calculated? (investopedia.com)
質問 # 52
Jamilla is looking to find a new supplier who can deliver raw materials of wood and paper to her company Woody Manufacturing Incorporated. The requirement is for regular orders of high volume. She has issued a Request for Quotation. What will this assess the suppliers on?
- A. who can deliver the items the cheapest
- B. which price is the most ethical
- C. who can deliver the highest quality items
- D. the five rights of procurement
正解：D
解説：
According to p.75 "a RFQ attempts to assess which supplier can achieve the Five Rights of Procurement".
Although price is the only factor considered when using a RFQ- it's important to consider this price in detail; can the supplier deliver the right QUALITY of product for this price?, can they deliver the item WHEN we need it for this price? etc.
The answer is not 'who will deliver it the cheapest' because Jamilla might not pick the cheapest sup-plier. If the cheapest supplier has inferior quality paper, or can only make deliveries every other Tuesday then Jamilla may not select them.
質問 # 53
Which of the following are primary sources of data? Select TWO.
- A. phone calls with current suppliers
- B. economic indices such as PPI or CPI
- C. trade fairs and exibits
- D. market reasearch commissioned by a rival company
- E. published price lists
正解：A、C
解説：
Primary data includes trade fairs and exhibits, and phone calls to current suppliers. The others are examples of secondary data.
Remember primary= you do it yourself, Secondary = someone else did it.
質問 # 54
Faisal is a medical equipment maintenance services procurement specialist within a local hospital. Faisal is responsible for ensuring contracts are in place that will ensure operational continuity of high-value pieces such as radiology equipment. When carrying out tender opportunities for these services, Faisal will specify, as an essential requirement, that certain standards are adhered to. Which of the following is a benefit of incorporating standards as a requirement within a specification?
- A. Standards will mirror the buyer's requirements in its entirety
- B. Standards will ensure suppliers meet all the buyer's requirements
- C. Standards will ensure low pricing is submitted in the tender response
- D. Standards provide clear guidelines and remove the risk of ambiguity
正解：D
解説：
Incorporating standards within specifications provides clear guidelines for suppliers, reducing ambiguity and helping ensure consistency in quality and performance. This aligns with ethical and responsible sourcing practices by promoting transparency and setting consistent expectations for suppliers.
質問 # 55
During the quality assurance of a supplier, Margaret is looking for an international standard thatshows the supplier's commitment to sustainable procurement. What document should the supplier provide to show this?
- A. ISO20400
- B. ISO9001
- C. ISO14000
- D. ISO27000
正解：A
解説：
ISO 20400 is sustainable procurement.
14000 is environment
9001 is quality management
27001 is information security
質問 # 56
An organisation is keep to include Social Outcomes in it's assessment for Value for Money for a new tender.
Which of the following should be considered?
- A. accreditations such as Fair Trade
- B. supplier's ESG policy
- C. use of local labour to deliver the contract
- D. CO2 emissions of the supplier's delivery vehicles
正解：C
解説：
Social value is about benefitting the local community / society. Therefore of those options listed, use of local labour is the most appropriate to consider.
質問 # 57
Ali is the Category Manager at an airplane manufacturing factory. He works with many different suppliers who provide different components for the planes. The company is investing heavily in Environmental and Social Governance and Ali has been asked by the CEO what the best practice is to ensure ethical behaviour from suppliers. Ali has suggested completing Audits. Is this the right thing to do?
- A. No- audits will only reveal financial issues not ethical ones
- B. Yes- audits always uncover ethical violations such as modern day slavery
- C. yes - these can be completed without warning which would give Ali an accurate picture of the supplier's operations
- D. No- Ali should simply ask the supplier's about their ethical practices
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is 'yes - these can be completed without warning which would give Ali an accurate picture of the supplier's operations'. The other options are incorrect:
1) you can do many types of audit- financial, ethical, Health and Safety etc
2) asking a supplier about their ethical practices isn't likely going to get you accurate information. They'll just tell you what they think you want to hear
3) audits are great- but they don't ALWAYS uncover issues. Always is the key word in that sentence which makes it incorrect.
質問 # 58
Ivan is an investor who is looking to invest in new businesses. He is reviewing several companies and working out what his equity would be. Which of the following does Ivan need to know tocalculate shareholder equity? Select TWO.
- A. net income
- B. total liabilities
- C. total assets
- D. net profit
正解：B、C
解説：
Shareholder Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
質問 # 59
Why is it important, when awarding high-value contracts, for a buyer to conduct a financial assessment of a supplier?
- A. Financial assessments provide a holistic view of a company's capability, including quality and delivery performance
- B. If a supplier has a high credit score, this means it pays its own suppliers late, which could result in stock outs
- C. The buyer must ensure continuity of supply because financial problems of a supplier could affect the supply
- D. A supplier who is highly profitable will be charging prices higher than the average market rate
正解：C
解説：
Financial assessments help ensure a supplier can meet the demands of a high-value contract without disruptions. This aligns with responsible sourcing principles by promoting stable supplier relationships and reducing the risk of supply chain interruptions due to financial instability.
質問 # 60
When selecting a supplier on technical merit, its important that the supplier is a good 'functional fit' for the organisation. What is meant by 'functional fit'?
- A. the supplier is able to adhere to the same ethical standards
- B. the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer
- C. the supplier makes a similar profit to that of the buyer
- D. the supplier shares a common supply chain
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is 'the supplier is able to work at the same technical level as the buyer'. It's aboutbeing able to integrate the businesses together in terms of IT systems and such like.
質問 # 61
What are the risks of outsourcing?
* Loss of control of project
* Loss of assets
* Loss of future business opportunities
* Loss of private information
- A. 3 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 1 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
正解：C
解説：
Loss of control and loss of private information are significant risks in outsourcing. Responsible sourcing involves mitigating these risks by setting clear agreements, monitoring, and safeguarding sensitive information to maintain control over outsourced activities.
質問 # 62
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