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質問 # 12
On a regular users workstation the route command takes a long time before printing out the routing table.
Which of the following errors does that indicate?
- A. One of the routers in the routing table is not available which causes the automatic router failure detection mechanism (ARF-D) to wait for a timeout.
- B. DNS resolution may not be working as route by default tries to resolve names of routers and destinations and may run into a timeout.
- C. There may accidentally be more than one default router in which case a default router election has to be done on the network in order to choose one router as the default.
- D. The local routing information may be corrupted and must be re-validated using a routing protocol.
正解：B
解説：
The route command displays the kernel's routing table, which contains information about how packets are routed to different destinations. By default, route tries to resolve the IP addresses of the routers and destinations to their hostnames using DNS. If DNS is not working properly, this can cause a delay in displaying the routing table as route waits for the DNS queries to time out. To avoid this, route can be used with the -n option, which prevents DNS lookups and displays only numeric addresses. References:
* LPI 102-500 Exam Objectives, Topic 109: Network Fundamentals, 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
* LPI 102-500 Study Guide, Chapter 9: Network Troubleshooting, Section 9.2: Troubleshooting Routing Problems
質問 # 13
Which of the following programs can be used to determine the routing path to a given destination?
- A. dig
- B. ping
- C. netstat
- D. traceroute
- E. route
正解：D
解説：
The traceroute program can be used to determine the routing path to a given destination by sending packets with incrementing TTL values and recording the source of the ICMP time exceeded messages. This way, it can show the intermediate hops and the round-trip times for each packet. The other programs have different purposes: dig is used to query DNS servers, netstat is used to display network connections and statistics, ping is used to test the reachability of a host by sending ICMP echo requests and measuring the response time, and route is used to manipulate the routing table. References:
* LPI 102-500 Exam Objectives, Topic 110: Network Fundamentals, Weight: 4, 110.3 Basic network troubleshooting
* LPI 102-500 Study Guide, Chapter 10: Network Fundamentals, Section 10.3: Basic Network Troubleshooting, Page 125-126
質問 # 14
Which of the following commands can be used to display the local routing table? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. dig
- B. netstat
- C. trackroute
- D. ifconfig
- E. route
正解：B、E
質問 # 15
Which command can be used to delete a group from a Linux system?
- A. groups
- B. groupdel
- C. groupedit
- D. groupmod
正解：B
質問 # 16
Which of the following IPv4 networks are reserved by IANA for private address assignment and private routing? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
- A. 172.16.0.0/12
- B. 127.0.0.0/8
- C. 192.168.0.0/16
- D. 10.0.0.0/8
- E. 169.255.0.0/16
正解：A、C、D
解説：
According to the RFC 19181, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of the IPv4 address space for private internets:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix)
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)
These address blocks are not globally routable and are intended for use within private networks, such as home, office, or campus networks. They can be assigned to any device that does not need to communicate directly with the public internet, or that can use network address translation (NAT) to do so. Private addresses allow for more efficient use of the limited IPv4 address space and reduce the need for public addresses.
The other options are not reserved for private use by IANA. Option A, 127.0.0.0/8, is reserved for loopback addresses, which are used to refer to the local host. Option C, 169.255.0.0/16, is a typo and should be 169.254.0.0/16, which is reserved for link-local addresses, which are used for automatic address configuration on a local network segment. Option F, 224.0.0.0/4, is reserved for multicast addresses, which are used for one-to-many communication.
Reference:
RFC 1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets - RFC Editor
IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Registry
Private network - Wikipedia
質問 # 17
What is the purpose of TCP wrapper?
- A. Bind a network service to a TCP port.
- B. Manage and adjust bandwidth used by TCP services.
- C. Add SSL support to plain text TCP services.
- D. Encapsulate TCP messages in IP packets.
- E. Limit access to a network service.
正解：E
解説：
TCP wrapper is a security tool that allows you to restrict the access to a network service based on the source IP address or hostname of the client. TCP wrapper works by intercepting the incoming connection requests to a service and checking them against a set of rules defined in the /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny files. If the client is allowed, the connection is passed to the service. If the client is denied, the connection is rejected and an error message is logged. References:
* LPI Linux Essentials: 1.5 Security and File Permissions: 1.5.3 Network Security
* LPIC-1: System Administrator: 102.5 Implement basic network security: 102.5.1 TCP Wrappers
質問 # 18
Which command allows you to make a shell variable visible to subshells?
- A. export VARIABLE
- B. export $VARIABLE
- C. env VARIABLE
- D. set VARIABLE
- E. set $VARIABLE
正解：A
解説：
The command that allows you to make a shell variable visible to subshells is export VARIABLE. This command turns the variable into a global or environment variable, which means it can be accessed by any child process or subshell that inherits the environment of the parent shell. The syntax of the export command does not require a dollar sign ($) before the variable name, unlike when referencing the value of the variable. The other commands are either invalid or do not affect the visibility of the variable to subshells. The set command can be used to assign values to variables, but it does not export them. The env command can be used to run a command in a modified environment, but it does not change the environment of the current shell. Reference:
[LPI Linux Essentials - Topic 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management]
[LPI Linux Professional - Exam 102 Objectives - Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting] What is a Subshell? - Linux Bash Shell Scripting Tutorial Wiki - nixCraft What is Subshell in Linux? [Explained]
質問 # 19
Which of the following commands lists all defined variables and functions within Bash?
- A. echo $ENV
- B. env -a
- C. env
- D. set
正解：D
質問 # 20
What is the purpose of the command mailq?
- A. It is a multi-user mailing list manager.
- B. It is a proprietary tool contained only in the qmail MTA.
- C. It fetches new emails from a remote server using POP3 or IMAP.
- D. It queries the mail queue of the local MTA.
- E. It is a command-line based tool for reading and writing emails.
正解：D
解説：
The mailq command is a widely used tool for checking the email queue in Linux. It provides a summary of all the messages in the queue, including information such as message IDs, sender addresses, recipient addresses, and delivery status1. The mail queue is a collection of messages that are waiting to be delivered by the local Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), such as sendmail, postfix, or exim1. The mailq command is the same as the sendmail -bp command that also prints the mail queue2. The mailq command can also accept various options to filter or modify the output, such as -v for verbose mode, -Ac for mail submission queue, or -q for processing the queue3. The mailq command is part of the LPI's multi-level Linux professional certification program, and it is covered in the topic 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics of the exam 102 objectives4. Reference: 4: https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/exam-102-objectives/ 3: https://www.thegeekdiary.com/mailq-command-examples-in-linux/ 2: https://sites.ualberta.ca/dept/chemeng/AIX-43/share/man/info/C/a_doc_lib/cmds/aixcmds3/mailq.htm 1: https://www.emaillistvalidation.com/blog/check-email-queue-in-linux-a-comprehensive-guide-to-managing-message-queues/
質問 # 21
Which of the following commands display a list of jobs in the print queue? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. Ipr -q
- B. ipq
- C. Iprm -1
- D. Cups-list
- E. Lpstat
正解：B、E
質問 # 22
The correct crontab entry to execute the script chklog three times per month between 3 p.m. and
5 p.m.:
- A. * 3,4,5 1 * * chklog
- B. * 15,16,17 1 * * chklog
- C. 3 3,4,5 1 * * chklog
- D. 3 15,16,17 * * * chklog
- E. 0 15,16,17 1 * * chklog
正解：E
質問 # 23
Suppose that the command netstat -a hangs for a long time without producing output. You might suspect:
- A. That the netstat daemon has crashed.
- B. A problem with routing.
- C. A problem with NIS.
- D. A problem with DNS.
- E. A problem with NFS.
正解：D
質問 # 24
Which directory in /etc is used to keep a sample copy of files and directories for when a new user has a home directory created? (Please provide the full path)
正解：
解説：
/etc/skel, /etc/skel/
質問 # 25
You need to pause the CUPS printer HPLaserjet4, and you want to cancel all print jobs with a message, "hello". Which command will do this?
- A. cupsdisable -c -r hello HPLaserjet4
- B. cupsdisable -p -m hello HPLaserjet4
- C. cupsreject -c -r hello HPLaserjet4
- D. cupsreject -p -m hello HPLaserjet4
正解：A
解説：
The command cupsdisable -c -r hello HPLaserjet4 will pause the CUPS printer HPLaserjet4 and cancel all print jobs with a message, "hello". The cupsdisable command is used to stop printers and classes, while the cupsenable command is used to start them. The -c option cancels all jobs on the named destination, and the -r option sets the message associated with the stopped state. The message will be displayed to the users who try to print to the paused printer. For example, the output of lpstat -p HPLaserjet4 after running the command will show:
printer HPLaserjet4 disabled since Wed 23 Jun 2023 11:54:03 AM UTC -
hello
The other options are not correct. The cupsreject command is used to reject or accept jobs for a printer or class, not to pause or resume them. The -p and -m options are not valid for either cupsdisable or cupsreject. The correct syntax for cupsreject is:
cupsreject [ -E ] [ -U username ] [ -h server [:port] ] [ -r reason ] destination (s) The -E option forces encryption of the connection to the server, the -U option uses the specified username when connecting to the server, the -h option uses the specified server and port, and the -r option sets the message associated with the rejecting state123. Reference: 1: cupsdisable(8) - Linux manual page 2: cupsreject(8) - Linux manual page 3: CUPS Administration - Page: 1.4 - Seite 3 » Raspberry Pi Geek
質問 # 26
Which of the following find commands will print out a list of files owned by root and with the SUID bit set in
/usr?
- A. find -user root +mode +s /usr
- B. find -type suid -username root -d /usr
- C. find /usr -ls \*s\* -u root
- D. find /usr -uid 0 -perm +4000
- E. find /usr -suid -perm +4000
正解：D
解説：
This command will find all the files in the /usr directory that have the user ID (UID) of 0, which is the root user, and have the permission of 4000, which is the SUID bit. The SUID bit allows the file to be executed with the privileges of the file owner, regardless of who runs it. The -uid option tests for a specific UID, and the
-perm option tests for a specific permission. The + sign before the permission means that at least those bits are set; the - sign means that exactly those bits are set. The other options are either invalid or do not match the criteria. References:
* LPIC-1 Exam 102 Objectives, Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard,
104.4 Find system files and place files in the correct location, Key Knowledge Areas: Search for files by type, size, or time
* find manual page, -uid and -perm options description
* Find Command in Linux with Practical Examples, Example 8: Find Files with SUID and SGID Permissions
質問 # 27
Which of the following nmcli subcommands exist? (Choose two.)
- A. nmcli wifi
- B. nmcli device
- C. nmcli connection
- D. nmcli ethernet
- E. nmcli address
正解：B、C
解説：
The nmcli command is a command-line interface for NetworkManager, which is a tool for configuring and managing network settings on Linux systems. The nmcli command consists of different subcommands that correspond to different aspects of network configuration and management. The subcommands are:
* nmcli general: shows status and permissions of NetworkManager, as well as system hostname and logging level and domains.
* nmcli connection: enables you to create, modify, activate, deactivate, delete, and show network connections.
* nmcli device: enables you to show, modify, and control network devices, such as interfaces, bonds, teams, bridges, etc.
* nmcli monitor: monitors activity of NetworkManager and watches for changes in the state of connectivity and devices.
* nmcli networking: enables or disables overall networking.
* nmcli radio: enables or disables radio transmitters for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WWAN devices.
* nmcli agent: registers as a secret agent that provides and caches network credentials.
The other options listed are not valid nmcli subcommands. There is no nmcli ethernet, nmcli wifi, or nmcli address subcommand. However, nmcli device and nmcli connection can be used to configure and manage Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections and addresses. References:
* NetworkManager configuration and usage | SLE Micro 5.3
* nmcli: NetworkManager Reference Manual - GNOME
* nmcli: command not found - The Geek Diary
質問 # 28
Which of the following tasks are handled by a display manager like XDM or KMD? (Choose two.)
- A. Lock the screen when the user was inactive for a configurable amount of time.
- B. Create an X11 configuration file for the current graphic devices and monitors.
- C. Configure additional devices like new monitors or projectors when they are attached.
- D. Handle the login of a user.
- E. Start and prepare the desktop environment for the user.
正解：D、E
質問 # 29
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