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質問 # 12
A developer at a small startup company deployed some code for a new feature to its public repository. A few days later, a data breach occurred. A security team investigated the incident and found that the database was hacked. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this breach?
- A. Unpatched web servers
- B. Compromised deployment agent
- C. Hard-coded credentials
- D. Database core dump
正解：C
解説：
Hard-coded credentials within code, especially when deployed in a public repository, are a common security vulnerability. If credentials such as passwords or API keys are embedded in the code, anyone with access to the repository can potentially use them to gain unauthorized access to databases or other sensitive resources. This is a likely cause of the data breach in the scenario described.
質問 # 13
A security analyst reviews the daily logs and notices the following suspicious activity:
The analyst investigates the firewall logs and identities the following:
Which of the following steps should the security analyst take next to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)
- A. Block all outbound connections from the IP address 10.150.71.151.
- B. Upgrade the Windows x64 operating system on John Smith's computer to the latest version.
- C. Block all inbound connections on port 4444 and block the IP address 201.101.25.121.
- D. Check the running processes to confirm if a backdoor connection has been established.
- E. Submit an IT support ticket and request Kali Linux be uninstalled from John Smith's computer
- F. Contact John Smith and request the Ethernet cable attached to the desktop be unplugged
正解：C、D
解説：
Given the suspicious activity and Kali Linux's association with penetration testing and hacking tools, the security analyst should block all inbound connections on port 4444, as it is commonly used for malicious purposes, and block the IP address that's potentially the source of the intrusion. Additionally, checking the running processes on John Smith's computer is crucial to determine if a backdoor or unauthorized connection has been established.
質問 # 14
A cloud administrator deploys new VMs in a cluster and discovers they are getting IP addresses in the range of
169.254.0.0/16. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- A. The scope has been exhausted.
- B. The network is overlapping.
- C. The NAT is Improperly configured.
- D. The VLAN is missing.
正解：A
解説：
IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.0/16 are Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses, which devices assign themselves when they are configured to obtain an IP automatically but are unable to reach a DHCP server to get one. The most likely cause for VMs in a cluster to receive APIPA addresses is the exhaustion of the DHCP scope, meaning there are no more available IP addresses in the DHCP range to be assigned.
質問 # 15
A cloud engineer is deploying a cloud solution that will be used on premises with need-to-know access. Which of the following cloud deployment models best meets this requirement?
- A. Community
- B. Private
- C. Public
- D. Hybrid
正解：B
解説：
A private cloud deployment model is the most appropriate when the requirement is for 'need-to- know' access, as it offers a more secure environment with resources dedicated to a single organization. It can be hosted on-premises or off-premises but is maintained on a private network, ensuring greater control over the data, security, and compliance when compared to other cloud models.
質問 # 16
An organization's web application experiences penodic bursts of traffic when a new video is launched. Users are reporting poor performance in the middle of the month. Which of the following scaling approaches should the organization use to scale based on forecasted traffic?
- A. Load
- B. Scheduled
- C. Event
- D. Manual
正解：B
解説：
For periodic bursts of traffic that are predictable, such as when a new video is launched, a scheduled scaling approach is suitable. This strategy involves scaling resources based on forecasted or known traffic patterns, ensuring that the infrastructure can handle the load during expected peak times.References: The use of scheduled scaling to manage predictable traffic increases is discussed within the Management and Technical Operations section of the CompTIA Cloud+ exam objectives.
質問 # 17
A banking firm's cloud server will be decommissioned after a successful proof of concept using mirrored dat a. Which of the following is the best action to take regarding the storage used on the decommissioned server?
- A. Keep it temporarily.
- B. Archive it.
- C. Delete it.
- D. Retain it permanently
正解：B
解説：
When a cloud server is decommissioned after a proof of concept, the best action to take regarding the storage used on the server is to archive it. Archiving ensures that the data is kept in a less accessible but secure storage service, which may be required for regulatory or compliance reasons, especially for a banking firm.
Reference: Data management strategies, including archiving decommissioned data, are covered in the CompTIA Cloud+ examination objectives, particularly within the domain of management and technical operations.
質問 # 18
Between 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on workdays, users report that the sales database is either not accessible, sluggish, or difficult to connect to. A cloud administrator discovers that during the impacted time, all hypervisors are at capacity. However, when 70% of the users are using the same database, those issues are not reported. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- A. Sizing issues
- B. Resource allocation
- C. Service quotas
- D. Oversubscription
正解：D
解説：
The most likely cause of accessibility and performance issues during specific times is oversubscription. This happens when more users are trying to access the database than the hypervisors can handle, due to their resources being allocated to more virtual machines or processes than they can efficiently support.
質問 # 19
A company runs a discussion forum that caters to global users. The company's monitoring system reports that the home page suddenly is seeing elevated response times, even though internal monitoring has reported no issues or changes. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this issue?
- A. Phishing
- B. Human error
- C. DDoS
- D. Cryptojacking
正解：C
解説：
Elevated response times without reported issues or changes internally could indicate a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, where multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers. Reference: CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals by Mark Ciampa.
質問 # 20
An organization is hosting a seminar with eight individuals who need to connect to their own dedicated VM. The technician used the following VM configurations:
IP address: DHCP
NIC: 1Gbps
Network: 10.1.10.0/29
Several users are unable to access their VMs. Which of the following best describes the reason?
- A. DHCP is not working correctly on the VM.
- B. Not enough addresses are available.
- C. Too much traffic is on the network.
- D. The routes are misconfigured.
正解：B
解説：
The network is configured with a subnet of /29, which provides only 6 usable IP addresses after accounting for the network and broadcast addresses. With eight individuals needing to connect to their own dedicated VMs, there are not enough IP addresses available to assign to each VM, leading to several users being unable to access their VMs. This issue is not related to misconfigured routes, network traffic, or DHCP functionality, but rather the limited number of IP addresses available in the given subnet.
質問 # 21
Which of the following is the most cost-effective way to store data that is infrequently accessed?
- A. Cold site
- B. Off-site
- C. Warm site
- D. Hot site
正解：B
解説：
The most cost-effective way to store data that is infrequently accessed is typically an off-site storage service, often referred to as cold or archival storage. This type of storage is designed for data that is rarely accessed, providing lower storage costs.References: Data storage solutions and their cost implications, including off-site (cold or archival) storage for infrequently accessed data, are part of the cloud storage options discussed in CompTIA Cloud+.
質問 # 22
An IT security team wants to ensure that the correct parties are informed when a specific user account is signed in. Which of the following would most likely allow an administrator to address this concern?
- A. Creating an alert based on user sign-in criteria
- B. Configuring the retention of all sign-in logs
- C. Enabling the collection of user sign-in logs
- D. Aggregating user sign-in logs from all systems
正解：A
解説：
To ensure that the correct parties are informed when a specific user account is signed in, the best action is to create an alert based on user sign-in criteria. This alert can notify administrators or security personnel when the specified event occurs.References: Security monitoring and alerting are critical components of managing cloud environments securely, as discussed in the CompTIA Cloud+ certification.
質問 # 23
An on-premises data center is located in an earthquake-prone location. The workload consists of real-time, online transaction processing. Which ot the following data protection strategies should be used to back up on-premises data to the cloud while also being cost effective?
- A. A full backup to on-site tape libraries in a private cloud
- B. A copy that is RAID 1 protected on spinning drives in an on-premises private cloud
- C. Remote replication for failover
- D. Air-gapped protection to provide cyber resiliency
正解：C
解説：
Remote replication for failover is the data protection strategy that should be used to back up on- premises data to the cloud for an earthquake-prone location. It provides real-time or near-real- time copying of data to a remote location, which can be quickly activated in case the primary site fails.
質問 # 24
A company is preparing a hypervisor environment to implement a database cluster. One of the requirements is to share the disks between the nodes of the cluster to access the same LUN.
Which of the following protocols should the company use? (Choose two.)
- A. RAID 10
- B. FC
- C. NFS
- D. iSCSI
- E. CIFS
- F. FTP
正解：B、D
解説：
A LUN is used by a transport protocol associated with an SCSI, iSCSI, Fibre Channel (FC) or similar interface. LUNs are central to the management of block storage arrays shared over a SAN.
質問 # 25
A healthcare organization must follow strict compliance requirements to ensure that Pll is not leaked. The cloud administrator needs to ensure the cloud email system can support this requirement Which of the following should the organization enable?
- A. ACL
- B. IPS
- C. OLP
- D. WAF
正解：C
解説：
To ensure that Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is not leaked and to comply with strict healthcare regulations, the organization should enable Data Loss Prevention (DLP). DLP systems are designed to detect and prevent unauthorized access or sharing of sensitive data, making them ideal for securing PII in cloud email systems and ensuring compliance with healthcare industry standards.References: CompTIA Cloud+ content covers governance, risk, compliance, and security aspects of cloud computing, highlighting the role of DLP in safeguarding sensitive information and maintaining compliance in regulated industries like healthcare.
質問 # 26
Which of the following network protocols is generally used in a NAS environment?
- A. iSCSI
- B. RDP
- C. BGP
- D. TCP/IP
正解：D
解説：
The network protocol generally used in a NAS (Network Attached Storage) environment is TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). NAS devices are accessed over a network rather than being directly connected to the computer, and they utilize the TCP/IP protocol to enable this network communication.
Reference: Understanding of networking protocols, including TCP/IP in the context of NAS environments, is part of the foundational networking knowledge for cloud services in CompTIA Cloud+.
質問 # 27
A company implements a web farm with 100 servers behind an application load balancer. Dunng scaling events, new web servers that are placed in service have not loaded all their modules, which causes some requests to the web farm to fail. Which of the following should the cloud engineer implement to address the scaling issue?
- A. Load balancer passthrough
- B. Scheduled scaling
- C. Instance warm-up
- D. Event-based scaling
正解：C
解説：
Implementing an instance warm-up period can address the issue of new web servers not having all modules loaded during scaling events. This warm-up period allows new instances to fully initialize and start serving traffic only when they are ready, preventing failed requests.
Reference: Scaling strategies and their operational impact, including the concept of instance warm-up, are covered under cloud infrastructure management in the CompTIA Cloud+ curriculum.
質問 # 28
A system surpasses 75% to 80% of resource consumption. Which of the following scaling approaches is the most appropriate?
- A. Trending
- B. Load
- C. Manual
- D. Scheduled
正解：B
解説：
Load scaling is the most appropriate approach when a system surpasses 75% to 80% of resource consumption.
This method involves adjusting resources dynamically in response to the current load, ensuring the system can handle increased demand without performance degradation. Load scaling can be automatic, allowing systems to scale up or down based on predefined metrics like CPU usage, memory, or network traffic, providing an efficient way to manage resources and maintain optimal performance.References: The CompTIA Cloud+ exam objectives include understanding cloud management and technical operations, which encompass knowledge of various scaling approaches, including load scaling, to ensure efficient resource utilization in cloud environments.
質問 # 29
A network administrator is budding a site-to-site VPN tunnel from the company's headquarters office 10 the company's public cloud development network. The network administrator confirms the following:
The VPN tunnel is established on the headquarter office firewall.
While inside the office, developers report that they cannot connect to the development network resources.
While outside the office on a client VPN, developers report that they can connect to the development network resources.
The office and the client VPN have different IP subnet ranges.
The firewall flow logs show VPN traffic is reaching the development network from the office.
Which of the following is the next step the next network administrator should take to troubleshoot the VPN tunnel?
- A. Check the ACLS on the development workloads
- B. Restart the site-to-site VPN tunnel.
- C. Change the ciphers on the site-to-site VPN.
- D. Review the development network routing table.
正解：D
解説：
The next step in troubleshooting the VPN tunnel issue is to review the development network routing table.
This action will help determine if the routing configurations are correctly directing traffic from the headquarters office through the VPN tunnel to the development network resources. Proper routing ensures that data packets find their way to the correct destination within the cloud environment, which is critical for establishing successful communication between different network segments.References: CompTIA Cloud+ materials stress the importance of networking fundamentals in cloud environments, including VPN configurations and routing, to ensure secure and efficient connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud resources.
質問 # 30
A cloud engineer wants containers to run the latest version of a container base image to reduce the number of vulnerabilities. The applications in use requite Python 3.10 and ate not compatible with any other version. The containers' images are created every time a new version is released from the source image. Given the container Dockerfile below:
Which of the following actions will achieve the objectives with the least effort?
- A. Perform docker pull before executing docker run.
- B. Change the image to use python:latest on the image build process.
- C. Execute docker update using a local cron to get the latest container version.
- D. Update the Dockerfile to pin the source image version.
正解：A
解説：
Performing a "docker pull" before executing "docker run" ensures that the latest version of the container base image is used, aligning with the objective of reducing vulnerabilities. This command fetches the latest image version from the repository, ensuring that the container runs the most up-to-date and secure version of the base image. This approach is efficient and requires minimal effort, as it automates the process of maintaining the latest image versions for container deployments.
Reference: Within the CompTIA Cloud+ examination scope, understanding management and technical operations in cloud environments, including container management and security, is critical. This includes best practices for maintaining up-to-date container images to minimize vulnerabilities.
質問 # 31
Given the following command:
Sdocker pull images.comptia.org/user1/myimage:latest
Which of the following correctly identifies images.comptia.org?
- A. Image name
- B. Image version
- C. Image creator
- D. Image registry
正解：D
解説：
In the Docker pull command given, images.comptia.org represents the image registry. A Docker image registry is a collection of repositories that host Docker images. It is where images are stored and organized, and from where they can be pulled for deployment.
質問 # 32
A cloud solutions architect is designing a VM-based solution that requires reducing the cost as much as possible. Which of the following solutions will best satisfy this requirement?
- A. Using provisioned IOPS storage
- B. Using ephemeral storage on replicated VMs
- C. Spreading the VMs across different regions
- D. Creating Spot VMs in one availability zone
正解：D
解説：
Using Spot VMs is a cost-effective solution as these are available at significantly reduced prices compared to standard instances. Spot VMs are ideal for workloads that can tolerate interruptions and are a way to take advantage of unused cloud capacity.References: The concept of Spot VMs and their cost benefits are included in the financial aspects of managing cloud resources, as per the CompTIA Cloud+ certification guidelines.
質問 # 33
A company's man web application is no longer accessible via the internet. The cloud administrator investigates and discovers the application is accessible locally and only via an IP access. Which of the following was misconfigured?
- A. IP
- B. NAT
- C. DHCP
- D. DNS
正解：D
解説：
When a web application is accessible locally via an IP address but not via the internet, the issue likely lies with the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses. A misconfiguration in DNS records or failure in DNS resolution can prevent users from accessing the application through its domain name, even though the application itself is running and accessible via its direct IP address.References: In the CompTIA Cloud+ curriculum, understanding cloud concepts and networking fundamentals, including DNS, is crucial for troubleshooting and ensuring applications are accessible and perform optimally in cloud environments.
質問 # 34
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