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質問 # 33
A systems administrator is configuring backups on a VM and needs the process to run as quickly as possible, reducing the bandwidth on the network during all times from Monday through Saturday. In the event of data corruption, the management team expects the mean time to recovery to be as low as possible. Which of the following backup methods can the administrator use to accomplish these goals?
- A. Differential backup daily to the cloud
- B. Full backup on Sunday and incremental backups on all other days of the week
- C. Incremental backup daily to the cloud
- D. Incremental backups during off-hours on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
正解：B
解説：
To achieve a quick backup process and reduce bandwidth use, the administrator should perform a Full backup on Sunday and incremental backups on all other days of the week. This method ensures that only the changes made since the last full backup are copied, reducing the amount of data that needs to be transferred each time, and thus the time and bandwidth required.
質問 # 34
Which of the following would allow a cloud engineer to flatten a deeply nested JSON log to improve readability for analysts?
- A. Logstash
- B. Grafana
- C. Elasticsearch
- D. Kibana
正解：A
解説：
Logstash can be used to flatten a deeply nested JSON log, which would improve readability for analysts. Logstash is a data processing pipeline that ingests data from various sources, transforms it, and then sends it to a "stash" like Elasticsearch.
質問 # 35
A cloud engineer wants to implement a monitoring solution to detect cryptojacking and other cryptomining malware on cloud instances. Which of the following metrics would most likely be used to identify the activity?
- A. Disk I/O
- B. Network packets
- C. Percent of CPU utilization
- D. Average memory utilization
正解：C
解説：
To detect cryptojacking and other cryptomining malware on cloud instances, monitoring the percent of CPU utilization is most effective. Cryptomining malware typically consumes a significant amount of CPU resources for mining operations, leading to unusually high CPU usage. Monitoring and analyzing CPU utilization metrics can help identify instances of cryptojacking by highlighting abnormal levels of resource consumption.
Reference: Understanding management and technical operations in cloud environments, as outlined in the CompTIA Cloud+ objectives, includes the use of monitoring solutions to detect and respond to security threats like cryptomining malware, ensuring the integrity and performance of cloud resources.
質問 # 36
A cloud engineer needs to integrate a new payment processor with an existing e-commerce website. Which of the following technologies is the best fit for this integration?
- A. Secure web socket
- B. RPC over SSL
- C. Transactional SQL
- D. REST API over HTTPS
正解：D
解説：
The best technology for integrating a new payment processor with an existing e-commerce website is a REST API over HTTPS. This method is widely used for web services, allowing secure communication over the internet and a standardized way for applications to communicate with each other.
質問 # 37
A system surpasses 75% to 80% of resource consumption. Which of the following scaling approaches is the most appropriate?
- A. Manual
- B. Scheduled
- C. Trending
- D. Load
正解：D
解説：
Load scaling is the most appropriate approach when a system surpasses 75% to 80% of resource consumption. This method involves adjusting resources dynamically in response to the current load, ensuring the system can handle increased demand without performance degradation. Load scaling can be automatic, allowing systems to scale up or down based on predefined metrics like CPU usage, memory, or network traffic, providing an efficient way to manage resources and maintain optimal performance.
質問 # 38
A critical security patch is required on a network load balancer in a public cloud. The organization has a major sales conference next week, and the Chief Executive Officer does not want any interruptions during the demonstration of an application behind the load balancer. Which of the following approaches should the cloud security engineer take?
- A. Ask the upper management team to approve an emergency patch window.
- B. Apply the security patch immediately before the conference.
- C. Apply the security patch after the event.
- D. Ask the management team to delay the conference.
正解：A
解説：
Given the critical nature of the patch and the upcoming major sales conference, the cloud security engineer should seek approval for an emergency patch window. This approach balances the need for security with the business requirement of no interruptions during the conference.
質問 # 39
Which of the following definitions of serverless computing BEST explains how it is different from using VMs?
- A. Serverless computing allows developers to focus on writing code and organizations to focus on business.
- B. Serverless computing is a cloud-hosting service that utilizes infrastructure that is fully managed by the CSP.
- C. Serverless computing is a scalable, highly available cloud service that uses SDN technologies.
- D. Serverless computing uses predictable billing and offers lower costs than VM compute services.
正解：C
解説：
AWS offers technologies for running code, managing data, and integrating applications, all without managing servers. Serverless technologies feature automatic scaling, built-in high availability, and a pay-for-use billing model to increase agility and optimize costs. These technologies also eliminate infrastructure management tasks like capacity provisioning and patching, so you can focus on writing code that serves your customers.
質問 # 40
A company recently subscribed to a SaaS collaboration service for its business users. The company also has an on-premises collaboration solution and would like users to have a seamless experience regardless of the collaboration solution being used. Which of the following should the administrator implement?
- A. WAF
- B. SSO
- C. LDAP
- D. VDI
正解：B
解説：
Single sign-on (SSO) is a system that allows users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple applications without having to re-authenticate for each application. This can help to improve the user experience by making it easier and faster for users to access the applications that they need.
In this scenario, the company wants users to have a seamless experience regardless of the collaboration solution being used. SSO can help to achieve this by allowing users to authenticate once and gain access to both the SaaS collaboration service and the on-premises collaboration solution.
質問 # 41
A cloud engineer wants to replace the current on-premises. unstructured data storage with a solution in the cloud. The new solution needs to be cost-effective and highly scalable. Which of the following types of storage would be best to use?
- A. Block
- B. File
- C. Object
- D. SAN
正解：C
解説：
Object storage is ideal for cost-effective and highly scalable unstructured data. It allows for the storage of massive amounts of unstructured data in a flat namespace and is not constrained by the rigid structures of file or block storage. Object storage is highly durable and designed for high levels of scalability and accessibility.
質問 # 42
A cloud engineer is deploying a cloud solution that will be used on premises with need-to-know access. Which of the following cloud deployment models best meets this requirement?
- A. Private
- B. Community
- C. Hybrid
- D. Public
正解：A
解説：
A private cloud deployment model is the most appropriate when the requirement is for 'need-to- know' access, as it offers a more secure environment with resources dedicated to a single organization. It can be hosted on-premises or off-premises but is maintained on a private network, ensuring greater control over the data, security, and compliance when compared to other cloud models.
質問 # 43
A company wants to create a few additional VDIs so support vendors and contractors have a secure method to access the company's cloud environment. When a cloud administrator attempts to create the additional instances in the new locations, the operation is successful in some locations but fails in others. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this failure?
- A. Deprecation of functionality
- B. Service quotas
- C. Partial service outages
- D. Regional service availability
正解：B
解説：
If a cloud administrator can create additional instances in some locations but not others, the most likely reason for this failure is service quotas. Cloud providers often have quotas on the number of resources that can be created, and these limits can vary by region.
質問 # 44
Which of the following integration systems would best reduce unnecessary network traffic by allowing data to travel bidirectionally and facilitating real-time results for developers who need to display critical information within applications?
- A. Web sockets
- B. GraphQL
- C. RPC
- D. REST API
正解：A
解説：
Web sockets provide a full-duplex communication channel over a single, long-lived connection, allowing data to flow bidirectionally between a client and a server. This is ideal for real-time applications where developers need to display critical information without unnecessary network overhead, as it reduces the need for repetitive HTTP requests and allows for more efficient, instantaneous data updates and interactions.
質問 # 45
A cloud engineer has provisioned a VM for a high-frequency trading application. After the VM is put into production, users report high latency in trades. The engineer checks the last six hours of VM metrics and sees the following:
* CPU utilization is between 30% to 60%.
* Networkln is between 50Kbps and 70Kbps.
* NetworkOut is between 3.000Kpbs and 5.000Kbps.
* DiskReadOps is at 30.
* DiskWriteOps is at 70
* Memory utilization is between 50% and 70%.
Which of the following steps should the engineer take next to solve the latency issue?
- A. Move to a network-optimized instance type as the network throughput is not enough.
- B. Increase the instance size to allocate more vCPUs as the CPU utilization is very high.
- C. Modify the disk IOPS to a higher value as the disk IO is being bottlenecked at 100 IOPS.
- D. Increase the memory of the instance as the high-frequency trading application requires more RAM.
正解：A
解説：
Since the NetworkOut is significantly higher than NetworkIn and considering the nature of a high-frequency trading application, the issue most likely lies with network throughput. Moving to a network-optimized instance type would provide higher network bandwidth, which can reduce latency in trades.References: This solution is derived from the Management and Technical Operations domain of the CompTIA Cloud+ objectives, focusing on performance optimization for cloud services.
質問 # 46
An organization's critical data was exfiltrated from a computer system in a cyberattack. A cloud analyst wants to identify the root cause and is reviewing the following security logs of a software web application:
"2021/12/18 09:33:12" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST
/login.php?u=administrator&p=or%201%20=1"
"2021/12/18 09:33:13" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST
/login.php?u=administrator&p=%27%0A"
"2021/12/18 09:33:14" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST
/login.php?u=administrator&p=%26"
"2021/12/18 09:33:17" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST /
login.php?u=administrator&p=%3B"
"2021/12/18 09:33:12" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST
/login.php?u=admin&p=or%201%20=1"
"2021/12/18 09:33:19" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST
/login.php?u=admin&p=%27%0A"
"2021/12/18 09:33:21" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST /login.php?u=admin&p=%26"
"2021/12/18 09:33:23" "10.34.32.18" "104.224.123.119" "POST /login.php?u=admin&p=%3B" Which of the following types of attacks occurred?
- A. Cross-site scripting
- B. SQL injection
- C. Privilege escalation
- D. Reuse of leaked credentials
正解：B
解説：
The security logs of the software web application show patterns that are typical of an SQL injection attack. This is evidenced by the inclusion of SQL syntax in the user input fields in an attempt to manipulate the database.
質問 # 47
Which of the following is used to deliver code quickly and efficiently across the development, test, and production environments?
- A. Container image
- B. Snapshot
- C. Serverless function
- D. VM template
正解：A
解説：
A container image is used to deliver code quickly and efficiently across the development, test, and production environments. Container images are lightweight, standalone, executable software packages that include everything needed to run a piece of software, including the code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settings. Reference: CompTIA Cloud+ Study Guide (Exam CV0-004) - Chapter on Cloud Deployment Methods
質問 # 48
A company's website suddenly crashed. A cloud engineer investigates the following logs:
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the issue?
- A. Leaked credentials
- B. Cross-site scripting
- C. SQL injection
- D. DDoS
正解：D
解説：
The logs indicate a sudden surge in access requests to the website's homepage, followed by 502 errors, which are indicative of server overload or failure to handle incoming requests. This pattern is typical of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, where multiple compromised systems flood the target with traffic, exceeding its capacity to handle requests, leading to service disruption.
質問 # 49
Which of the following is a difference between a SAN and a NAS?
- A. A NAS uses a faster protocol than a SAN
- B. A SAN works with any Ethernet-based network.
- C. A SAN works only with fiber-based networks.
- D. A NAS uses a slower protocol than a SAN.
正解：D
解説：
A NAS (Network Attached Storage) typically uses file-level protocols such as NFS or SMB, which are generally considered slower and less efficient than the block-level protocols used by SANs (Storage Area Networks), such as iSCSI or Fibre Channel. SANs are designed for high performance and low latency, making them more suitable for applications requiring fast and efficient storage access.
質問 # 50
A DevOps engineer is integrating multiple systems. Each system has its own API that exchanges data based on different application-level transactions. Which of the following delivery mechanisms would best support this integration?
- A. Enterprise service bus
- B. Socket
- C. RPC
- D. Queue
正解：A
解説：
An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is designed to facilitate application integration by providing a centralized architecture for high-level, message-based, and event-driven communication between different systems. It is particularly well-suited for integrating multiple systems with their own APIs because it can handle various data formats and protocols, enabling different applications to communicate with each other seamlessly.
質問 # 51
A company's website suddenly crashed. A cloud engineer investigates the following logs:
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the issue?
- A. Leaked credentials
- B. Cross-site scripting
- C. SQL injection
- D. DDoS
正解：D
解説：
The logs indicate a sudden surge in access requests to the website's homepage, followed by 502 errors, which are indicative of server overload or failure to handle incoming requests. This pattern is typical of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, where multiple compromised systems flood the target with traffic, exceeding its capacity to handle requests, leading to service disruption.
質問 # 52
You are a cloud engineer working for a cloud service provider that is responsible for an IaaS offering.
Your customer, who creates VMs and manages virtual storage, has noticed I/O bandwidth issues and low IOPS (under 9000).
Your manager wants you to verify the proper storage configuration as dictated by your service level agreement (SLA).
The SLA specifies:
. Each SFP on the hypervisor host must be set to the maximum link speed allowed by the SAN array. . All SAN array disk groups must be configured in a RAID 5.
. The SAN array must be fully configured for redundant fabric paths. . IOPS should not fall below 14000 INSTRUCTIONS Click on each service processor to review the displayed information. Then click on the drop-down menus to change the settings of each device as necessary to conform to the SLA requirements.
- A. See the explanation for complete solution
正解：A
解説：
Based on the SLA requirements and the information provided in the diagram:
For the Hypervisor:
Slot A fiber channel card:
Port 1 link speed should be set to 16 Gbps since it's connected to Fabric switch A which supports 16 Gbps.
Port 2 link speed should be set to 8 Gbps because it's connected to Fabric switch B which supports up to 8 Gbps.
Slot B fiber channel card:
Port 1 link speed should be set to 16 Gbps since it's connected to Fabric switch A which supports 16 Gbps.
Port 2 link speed should be set to 8 Gbps because it's connected to Fabric switch B which supports up to 8 Gbps.
質問 # 53
A software engineer at a cybersecurity company wants to access the cloud environment. Per company policy, the cloud environment should not be directly accessible via the internet. Which of the following options best describes how the software engineer can access the cloud resources?
- A. SSH
- B. Web portal
- C. Token-based access
- D. Bastion host
正解：D
解説：
A bastion host is the best option described for accessing cloud resources without direct internet access. It acts as a secure gateway to access internal networks from external sources and is often used in conjunction with other security measures such as SSH for secure connections.References: The use of bastion hosts as a secure access point to cloud resources is a security best practice covered in the CompTIA Cloud+ certification's domain on cloud security.
質問 # 54
An DevOps engineer is receiving reports that users can no longer access the company's web application after hardening of a web server. The users are receiving the following error:
ERR_SSLJ/ERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH.
Which of the following actions should the engineer take to resolve the issue?
- A. Restart the web server.
- B. Update the web server.
- C. Configure TLS 1.2 or newer.
- D. Review logs on the WAF
正解：C
解説：
To resolve the ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH error after hardening a web server, the engineer should configure the server to use TLS 1.2 or newer. This error often occurs when the server or client supports an outdated version of SSL/TLS or incompatible cipher suites. Updating to a modern, secure version of TLS ensures compatibility and enhances security.
Reference: The CompTIA Cloud+ certification includes governance, risk, compliance, and security for the cloud, emphasizing the importance of implementing up-to-date security protocols like TLS to protect data in transit and ensure secure communications in cloud environments.
質問 # 55
Which of the following provides secure, private communication between cloud environments without provisioning additional hardware or appliances?
- A. VPC peering
- B. VPN
- C. Transit gateway
- D. BGP
正解：A
解説：
VPC peering provides secure, private communication between cloud environments without the need for provisioning additional hardware or appliances. It allows direct network connectivity between two Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs), enabling resources in either VPC to communicate with each other using private IP addresses.
質問 # 56
Which of the following requirements are core considerations when migrating a small business's on-premises applications to the cloud? (Select two).
- A. Networking
- B. Compute
- C. Logs
- D. Testing
- E. Availability
- F. Hybrid
正解：A、E
解説：
When migrating on-premises applications to the cloud for a small business, availability and networking are core considerations. Ensuring that applications are available and that the network is capable of handling the new cloud traffic are pivotal for a successful transition.References: The migration process and its core considerations, including availability and networking, are topics within the Business Principles of Cloud Environments in the CompTIA Cloud+ material.
質問 # 57
A software engineer needs to transfer data over the internet using programmatic access while also being able to query the dat a. Which of the following will best help the engineer to complete this task?
- A. GraphQL
- B. RPC
- C. SQL
- D. Web sockets
正解：A
解説：
GraphQL is the best option for transferring data over the internet with programmatic access and querying capabilities. It is a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries with existing data, providing a more efficient, powerful, and flexible alternative to the REST API.
Reference: Data transfer and querying methods are part of the technical knowledge associated with cloud computing, as included in CompTIA Cloud+.
質問 # 58
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