[2025年03月09日]L4M7試験ブレーン問題集で学習注釈と理論
合格させるCIPS L4M7テスト練習テスト問題試験問題集
CIPS L4M7認定を取得するには、候補者は資産管理における知識とスキルを測定する厳格な試験に合格する必要があります。この試験は、資産管理の概念、原則、およびベストプラクティスに関する候補者の理解をテストする複数選択の質問で構成されています。試験に合格すると、候補者には、資産管理の卓越性のマークとしてグローバルに認識されるCIPS L4M7認定が授与されます。
CIPS L4M7認定試験は、資産管理の様々な分野における知識とスキル、特に取得から廃棄までのライフサイクル全体にわたる資産管理を評価するために設計されています。試験はまた、拡張期間にわたって資産のパフォーマンスを最適化する全寿命資産管理の原則の理解を試すために設計されています。
質問 # 61
Practice of unloading goods from inbound delivery vehicles and loading them directly onto out-bound vehicles is known as ...?
- A. Decommissioning
- B. Cross-docking
- C. Automation
- D. Tracing and tracking
正解：B
解説：
Cross-docking is the practice of unloading goods from inbound delivery vehicles and loading them directly onto outbound vehicles. By eliminating or minimizing warehouse storage costs, space requirements and inventory handling, cross-docking can streamline supply chains and help them move goods to market faster and more efficiently.
Cross-docking usually takes place in a dedicated docking terminal in a warehouse, where inbound goods are first received at a dock and sorted according to their final destinations. They are then moved to the other side of the dock via forklift, conveyor belt or other equipment and loaded on outbound vehicles.
Cross-docking works best with products that need to be transported quickly, such as food, that have already been sorted and labeled for customers, do not need quality inspections or have steady demand.
質問 # 62
In ABC analysis, category C is also known as...?
- A. Long tail spend
- B. Indirect spend
- C. Direct spend
- D. Capital expense
正解：A
解説：
Tail Spend is derived from ABC Analysis, Class A high value suppliers, Tail Spend is formed from class B & C suppliers, equates to 20% of the total spend, B is Mid Tail and C is Long tail. Effective Spend Analysis and tail spend management, ensures that procurement can focus on creating an optimum and efficient sourcing strategy.
Procurement Spend Analysis
Procurement organisations effectively identify and manage suppliers using a sourcing strategy. Tail suppliers normally have low strategic value and makes the category management, very difficult . SpendAnalysis and Category Management are very closely aligned, Spend Analysis including ABC, provides the category manager, with spend visibility.
Spend Analysis and procurement metrics are used to create category plans, build supplier relation-ships, to maintain service levels and deliver the best possible price and quality for goods and ser-vices bought. The acquisition of Spend data and subsequent Spend Analysis, provides Category Managers access to a well- structured procurement process,
質問 # 63
Which of the following are critical factors that must be considered when evaluating warehouse or storage locations?
* The cost of the proposed location
* Who owns the storage location or warehouse
* Access to transport networks
* The number of windows in the building
- A. 2 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 3 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1 and 4 only
正解：B
解説：
When selecting a warehouse location, it's essential to consider:
* Cost: The expense of the location directly impacts the budget.
* Access to transport networks: Proximity to transportation infrastructure facilitates efficient shipping and receiving.
These factors align with whole-life asset management principles by ensuring cost-effective and accessible storage solutions, contributing to reduced transportation costs and improved logistics.
質問 # 64
"A measure of the ability of an organisation to supply customers without delay" is the best defini-tion of which of the following:
- A. Key performance indicator
- B. Re-order level
- C. Service level
- D. Safety stock
正解：C
解説：
In inventory management, service level is the expected probability of not hitting a stock-out during the next replenishment cycle or the probability of not losing sales.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) can be used to analyse data based on performance objectives and set actionable goals for improvement. KPIs can be developed in conjunction with suppliers as well as others, and can be used to measure the essential elements of the process.
Safety stock is the amount of inventory a business needs to have to achieve a certain level of risk mitigation when it comes to stockouts.
Reorder level (or reorder point) is the inventory level at which a company would place a new order or start a new manufacturing run.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 65
Which type of codes can a barcode laser scanner (linear scanner) read?
- A. 1D barcode
- B. Aztec code
- C. QR code
- D. Numerical code
正解：A
解説：
One-dimensional (or 1D) barcodes systematically represent data by varying the widths and spac-ings of parallel lines. These include some of the most traditional and well-recognized barcode types, such as the UPC and EAN codes. 1D barcodes are also commonly referred to as linear barcodes.
Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes look like squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots. QR codes, Data matrix and Aztec codes are examples of 2D barcodes Numerical code contains all numbers, no letters There are two different scan engine types (laser scanner versus imager) for interpreting the infor-mation provided in the barcode. Many companies producing the technology capable of reading the barcode data uses the term "scanning" regardless of the type of scan engine used. For the purposes of these FAQs, we are trying to draw a clearer distinction for you.
Linear (1D) codes can be scanned with a traditional laser scanner. A laser scan engine uses a laser and mirror to create the bar that scans the information. 1D barcode scanners will only interpret the linear barcode scanning technology. 1D barcode scanners are typically less expensive since the type of encryptions they can decode is limited.
Diagram Description automatically generated
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 66
Objective forecasting techniques must be based on which of the following?
1. Opinions
2. Figures
3. Facts
4. Jugdement
- A. 2 and 3 only
- B. 3 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 2 only
- D. 1 and 4 only
正解：A
解説：
Subjective forecasting uses qualitative methods (surveys, opinions) which relay on perception and opinion.
Objective forecasting uses quantitative methods (facts and figures). Both methods have to make assumption about how closely (or not) the future will resemble the present and the past. Forecasting is never exact.
質問 # 67
RFID uses radio frequencies for the purpose of identification and tracking of assets. Which of the following are disadvantages of using RFID? SelectTHREEthat apply.
- A. RFID provides a much less robust type of security as compared to other forms of scanning system
- B. It is difficult for an RFID reader to read the information where tags are installed in liquid or metal products
- C. RFID can be too expensive for many applications as compared to other tracking and identification methods
- D. RFID is a restriction in managing the updates of stocks during the transportation of products
- E. Interference has been observed to take place in RFID systems when devices such as hand-held, portable, two-way radios are in use
正解：B、C、E
質問 # 68
An organisation needs to determine whether to lease a piece of equipment or purchase it outright. From the following statements, which ones describe the advantages for a procurement organisation to lease rather than to purchase outright?
* Capital allowances may be set against tax, and grants may be available
* There is no initial investment which would tie up the organisation's working capital
* It would protect against technological obsolescence as equipment can be replaced as required
* The total cost may be higher than purchasing the equipment outright
- A. 3 and 4 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 2 only
- D. 2 and 5 only
正解：C
質問 # 69
Which of the following are most likely to be the purposes of packing and packaging?
1. To bring the product cost down
2. To protect the product
3. To improve the product recognition
4. To test the product durability
- A. 2 and 3 only
- B. 3 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 2 only
- D. 1 and 4 only
正解：A
解説：
It would be really convenient if we could just hand our products directly to the customers, but that's not possible. Packaging needs to be done for several reasons. Here are some of the most prominent ones:
1. Safety: Packaging is used to keep your product safe from external factors. It also prevents human tampering. If you want to sell fruit juice, you just can't hand it over to customers. It should be packaged in something, like a stand up pouch.
2. Brand visibility: You provide the best product in your category and you want your customers to remember that. How else will you do that without using the right kind of creative food packaging?
3. Bundling it together: If you want to sell an ounce of something, you need to create a packet so that the right amount is bundled together.
4. Theft prevention: If you sell your product loose, there are chances that the retailer doesn't give the right amount to the customer and saves some part for himself. There are other cases too where theft can be done in the absence of packaging.
Apart from these four, there are many other reasons why you should package your products.
Reference:
- What Is the Purpose of Packaging?
- CIPS study guide page 62
LO 1, AC 1.3
質問 # 70
What term describes a method used to account for inventory, where the oldest produced items are recorded as sold first?
- A. Last in, first out
- B. First in, last out
- C. Last in, last out
- D. First in, first out
正解：D
質問 # 71
Lean principle focuses on eliminating eight types of waste. Waste in Lean manufacturing is defined as...?
- A. Part of any activity which is inevitable
- B. Rejection of material because of quality related problems
- C. Non value-adding steps in a process
- D. Part of activity when operator is idle
正解：C
解説：
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is. Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent or 'Skills' of workers was later introduced in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world. As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as 'TIMWOODS'.
Source: The lean way
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 72
Which of the following allow the operators to access higher levels in warehouse facility? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Carousel
- B. Grab
- C. Scissor platform
- D. Stacker crane
- E. Order picker
正解：C、E
解説：
It is important to ensure safe working in storage facilities, and access to higher shelves or racking presents a challenge. Lifting at full reach becomes a problem at relative low weight. There can also be danger for other workers who are around someone working at height, from the movement of equipment or dropping stock from a height.
Scissor platforms are used in high-roof warehouses to gain access to lighting, high-racking units and sections of wall and roof.
ORDER PICKER is manual or powered device - some with ride-on capability and some without. This allow for low-level, medium-level and high-level picking of various items. Many are equipped with forks to allow transfer capability of larger picked boxes. Higher-level and narrow or very narrow -aisle versions have the ability to elevate operators on the front platform to higher racking to pick items.
Grabs are designed to hold stock either width-wise or from above. These are either specific devices designed for grabbing materials or are available as an accessory to forklift trucks.
Carousels are space-efficient, rotating devices which allow access to a large range of product from a single location. Designs are variable, with carousels rotating horizontally or vertically until the required items can be retrieved.
Stacker-cranes are designed for the automated storage and retrieval of unit loads, in high-bay warehouses.
They travel in aisles equipped with guide rails, electrical supply, data transmission and control systems. To ensure the storage and retrieval functions, the stacker-crane carries out three types of movement : long-travel, lifting and picking.
質問 # 73
In a manufacturing organisation, which of the following explains an 'indirect' stock classification of items?
- A. Where the stock has been acquired from a distributor rather than another manufacturer
- B. Where the stock is currently held in a warehouse owned by another organisation
- C. Where the stock does not have to be paid for until it has been used by the manufacturer
- D. Where the stock is not used as part of manufacturing of the finished product
正解：D
質問 # 74
Which of the following best defines 'exponential moving average'?
- A. A forecasting technique where each demand is multiplied by a weighting factor
- B. A process by which a decision is taken at a period end or review point to determine how much to reorder
- C. A forecasting technique where the average is calculated by dividing the sum of the val-ues by the number of values
- D. A process by which the reorder of an item is triggered by the inventory level dropping to a predetermined level
正解：A
解説：
An exponential moving average (EMA) is a type of moving average (MA) that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points. The exponential moving average is also referred to as the exponentially weighted moving average. An exponentially weighted moving average reacts more significantly to recent price changes than a simple moving average (SMA), which applies an equal weight to all observations in the period.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
質問 # 75
Which of the following is the definition of work in progress inventory?
- A. Obsolete inventory
- B. Inventory introduced into production but not completed as of the stocktake date
- C. Inventory not yet introduced into the production process
- D. Inventory that has finished the production process
正解：B
解説：
Work in progress is the stock part-way through a manufacturing process; in the service sectors the term is also used for anything between order and delivery.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
質問 # 76
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CIPS L4M7試験は、アセットマネジメントの知識とスキルを向上させたいプロフェッショナル向けの貴重な認定プログラムです。この試験は、アセットマネジメントに関連する広範なトピックをカバーしており、その能力を示すグローバルな基準として認知されています。この試験に合格することで、プロフェッショナルはアセットマネジメントの熟練度を示し、キャリアの展望を向上させることができます。この試験は、様々な産業分野で働くプロフェッショナルに適しており、アセットマネジメントでキャリアを進めたい人にとって貴重な資格です。
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