[2025年02月] 問題集簡単概要AIGP試験問題Fast2test
AIGPトレーニング認証最新版をゲットArtificial Intelligence Governance
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質問 # 21
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions.
One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
The frameworks that would be most appropriate for XYZ's governance needs would be the NIST Al Risk Management Framework and?
- A. Human Rights, Democracy, and Rule of Law Impact Assessment (HUDERIA).
- B. NIST Cyber Security Risk Management Framework (CSF 2.0).
- C. IEEE Ethical System Design Risk Management Framework (IEEE 7000-21).
- D. NIST Information Security Risk (NIST SP 800-39).
正解：C
解説：
The IEEE Ethical System Design Risk Management Framework (IEEE 7000-21) would be most appropriate for XYZ Corp's governance needs in addition to the NIST AI Risk Management Framework. The IEEE framework specifically addresses ethical concerns during system design, which is crucial for ensuring the responsible use of AI in hiring. It complements the NIST framework by focusing on ethical risk management, aligning well with XYZ Corp's goals of deploying AI responsibly and mitigating associated risks.
質問 # 22
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions.
One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
Which of the following measures should XYZ adopt to best mitigate its risk of reputational harm from using the Al tool?
- A. Ensure the vendor assumes responsibility for all damages.
- B. Continue to require XYZ's hiring personnel to manually screen all applicants.
- C. Direct the procurement team to select the most economical Al tool.
- D. Test the Al tool pre- and post-deployment.
正解：D
解説：
To mitigate the risk of reputational harm from using an AI hiring tool, XYZ Corp should rigorously test the AI tool both before and after deployment. Pre-deployment testing ensures the tool works correctly and does not introduce bias or other issues. Post-deployment testing ensures the tool continues to operate as intended and adapts to any changes in data or usage patterns. This approach helps to identify and address potential issues proactively, thereby reducing the risk of reputational harm. Ensuring the vendor assumes responsibility for damages (B) does not address the root cause of potential issues, selecting the most economical tool (C) may compromise quality, and continuing manual screening (D) defeats the purpose of using the AI tool.
質問 # 23
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
Good Values Corporation (GVC) is a U.S. educational services provider that employs teachers to create and deliver enrichment courses for high school students. GVC has learned that many of its teacher employees are using generative Al to create the enrichment courses, and that many of the students are using generative Al to complete their assignments.
In particular, GVC has learned that the teachers they employ used open source large language models ("LLM") to develop an online tool that customizes study questions for individual students. GVC has also discovered that an art teacher has expressly incorporated the use of generative Al into the curriculum to enable students to use prompts to create digital art.
GVC has started to investigate these practices and develop a process to monitor any use of generative Al, including by teachers and students, going forward.
What is the best reason for GVC to offer students the choice to utilize generative Al in limited, defined circumstances?
- A. Toenable students to learn about performing research.
- B. Toenable students to learn how to use Al as a supportive educational tool.
- C. Toenable students to learn about practical applications of Al.
- D. Toenable students to learn how to manage their time.
正解：B
解説：
The best reason for GVC to offer students the choice to utilize generative AI in limited, defined circumstances is to enable students to learn how to use AI as a supportive educational tool. By integrating AI in a controlled manner, students can learn the practical applications of AI and develop skills to use AI responsibly and effectively in their educational pursuits.
Reference: The AIGP Body of Knowledge highlights the importance of teaching students about AI's practical applications and the responsible use of AI technologies. This aligns with the goal of fostering a better understanding of AI's role and its potential benefits in various contexts, including education.
質問 # 24
What is the technique to remove the effects of improperly used data from an ML system?
- A. Model inversion.
- B. Data cleansing.
- C. Data de-duplication.
- D. Model disgorgement.
正解：D
解説：
Model disgorgement is the technique used to remove the effects of improperly used data from an ML system.
This process involves retraining or adjusting the model to eliminate any biases or inaccuracies introduced by the inappropriate data. It ensures that the model's outputs are not influenced by data that was not meant to be used or was used incorrectly. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Data Management and Model Integrity.
質問 # 25
You are the chief privacy officer of a medical research company that would like to collect and use sensitive data about cancer patients, such as their names, addresses, race and ethnic origin, medical histories, insurance claims, pharmaceutical prescriptions, eating and drinking habits and physical activity.
The company will use this sensitive data to build an Al algorithm that will spot common attributes that will help predict if seemingly healthy people are more likely to get cancer. However, the company is unable to obtain consent from enough patients to sufficiently collect the minimum data to train its model.
Which of the following solutions would most efficiently balance privacy concerns with the lack of available data during the testing phase?
- A. Refocus the algorithm to patients without cancer.
- B. Extend the model to multi-modal ingestion with text and images.
- C. Utilize synthetic data to offset the lack of patient data.
- D. Deploy the current model and recalibrate it over time with more data.
正解：C
解説：
Utilizing synthetic data to offset the lack of patient data is an efficient solution that balances privacy concerns with the need for sufficient data to train the model. Synthetic data can be generated to simulate real patient data while avoiding the privacy issues associated with using actual patient data. This approach allows for the development and testing of the AI algorithm without compromising patient privacy, and it can be refined with real data as it becomes available. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Data Privacy and AI Model Training.
質問 # 26
Which of the following best defines an "Al model"?
- A. A corpus of data which an Al algorithm analyzes to make predictions.
- B. A system of controls that is used to govern an Al algorithm.
- C. A program that has been trained on a set of data to find patterns within the data.
- D. A system that applies defined rules to execute tasks.
正解：C
解説：
An AI model is best defined as a program that has been trained on a set of data to find patterns within that data. This definition captures the essence of machine learning, where the model learns from the data to make predictions or decisions. Reference: AIGP BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, which provides a detailed explanation of AI models and their training processes.
質問 # 27
The most important factor in ensuring fairness when training an Al system is?
- A. The model accuracy and scale.
- B. The architecture and model selection.
- C. The data attributes and variability.
- D. The data labeling and classification.
正解：C
解説：
Ensuring fairness when training an AI system largely depends on the data attributes and variability. This involves having a diverse and representative dataset that accurately reflects the population the AI system will serve. Fairness can be compromised if the data is biased or lacks variability, as the model may learn and perpetuate these biases. Diverse data attributes ensure that the model learns from a wide range of examples, reducing the risk of biased predictions. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Ethical AI Principles and Data Management.
質問 # 28
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A local police department in the United States procured an Al system to monitor and analyze social media feeds, online marketplaces and other sources of public information to detect evidence of illegal activities (e.g., sale of drugs or stolen goods). The Al system works by surveilling the public sites in order to identify individuals that are likely to have committed a crime. It cross-references the individuals against data maintained by law enforcement and then assigns a percentage score of the likelihood of criminal activity based on certain factors like previous criminal history, location, time, race and gender.
The police department retained a third-party consultant assist in the procurement process, specifically to evaluate two finalists. Each of the vendors provided information about their system's accuracy rates, the diversity of their training data and how their system works. The consultant determined that the first vendor's system has a higher accuracy rate and based on this information, recommended this vendor to the police department.
The police department chose the first vendor and implemented its Al system. As part of the implementation, the department and consultant created a usage policy for the system, which includes training police officers on how the system works and how to incorporate it into their investigation process.
The police department has now been using the Al system for a year. An internal review has found that every time the system scored a likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%, the police investigation subsequently confirmed that the individual had, in fact, committed a crime. Based on these results, the police department wants to forego investigations for cases where the Al system gives a score of at least 90% and proceed directly with an arrest.
During the procurement process, what is the most likely reason that the third-party consultant asked each vendor for information about the diversity of their datasets?
- A. To evaluate the reliability of the Al system.
- B. To assist the fairness of the Al system.
- C. To comply with applicable law.
- D. To determine the explainability of the Al system.
正解：B
解説：
The third-party consultant asked each vendor for information about the diversity of their datasets to assist in ensuring the fairness of the AI system. Diverse datasets help prevent biases and ensure that the AI system performs equitably across different demographic groups. This is crucial for a law enforcement application, where fairness and avoiding discriminatory practices are of paramount importance. Ensuring diversity in training data helps in building a more just and unbiased AI system. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Ethical AI and Fairness.
質問 # 29
Which of the following is the least relevant consideration in assessing whether users should be given the right to opt out from an Al system?
- A. Industry practice.
- B. Risk to users.
- C. Feasibility.
- D. Cost of alternative mechanisms.
正解：D
解説：
When assessing whether users should be given the right to opt out from an AI system, the primary considerations are feasibility, risk to users, and industry practice. Feasibility addresses whether the opt-out mechanism can be practically implemented. Risk to users assesses the potential harm or benefits users might face if they cannot opt out. Industry practice considers the norms and standards within the industry. However, the cost of alternative mechanisms, while important in the broader context of implementation, is not directly relevant to the ethical consideration of whether users should have the right to opt out. The focus should be on protecting user rights and ensuring ethical AI practices.
Reference: AIGP BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, sections discussing user rights and ethical considerations in AI.
質問 # 30
All of the following are penalties and enforcements outlined in the EU Al Act EXCEPT?
- A. Fines for violations of banned Al applications will be €35 million or 7% global annual turnover (whichever is higher).
- B. Rules on General Purpose Al will apply after 6 months as a specific provision.
- C. The Al Pact will act as a transitional bridge until the Regulations are fully enacted.
- D. Fines for SMEs and startups will be proportionally capped.
正解：C
解説：
The EU AI Act outlines specific penalties and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with its regulations. Among these, fines for violations of banned AI applications can be as high as €35 million or 7% of the global annual turnover of the offending organization, whichever is higher. Proportional caps on fines are applied to SMEs and startups to ensure fairness. General Purpose AI rules are to apply after a 6-month period as a specific provision to ensure that stakeholders have adequate time to comply. However, there is no provision for an "AI Pact" acting as a transitional bridge until the regulations are fully enacted, making option C the correct answer.
質問 # 31
Which of the following steps occurs in the design phase of the Al life cycle?
- A. Data augmentation.
- B. Performance evaluation.
- C. Model explainability.
- D. Risk impact estimation.
正解：D
解説：
Risk impact estimation occurs in the design phase of the AI life cycle. This step involves evaluating potential risks associated with the AI system and estimating their impacts to ensure that appropriate mitigation strategies are in place. It helps in identifying and addressing potential issues early in the design process, ensuring the development of a robust and reliable AI system. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on AI Design and Risk Management.
質問 # 32
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant Agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).
To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.
The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.
The most significant risk from combining the healthcare network's existing data with the clinical research partner data is?
- A. Security risk.
- B. Operational risk.
- C. Reputational risk.
- D. Privacy risk.
正解：D
解説：
The most significant risk from combining the healthcare network's existing data with the clinical research partner data is privacy risk. Combining data sets, especially in healthcare, often involves handling sensitive information that could lead to privacy breaches if not managed properly. De-identified data can still pose re-identification risks when combined with other data sets. Ensuring privacy involves implementing robust data protection measures, maintaining compliance with privacy regulations such as HIPAA, and conducting thorough privacy impact assessments. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Data Privacy and Security.
質問 # 33
What type of organizational risk is associated with Al's resource-intensive computing demands?
- A. People risk.
- B. Security risk.
- C. Environmental risk.
- D. Third-party risk.
正解：C
解説：
AI's resource-intensive computing demands pose significant environmental risks. High-performance computing required for training and deploying AI models often leads to substantial energy consumption, which can result in increased carbon emissions and other environmental impacts. This is particularly relevant given the growing concern over climate change and the environmental footprint of technology. Organizations need to consider these environmental risks when developing AI systems, potentially exploring more energy-efficient methods and renewable energy sources to mitigate the environmental impact.
質問 # 34
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.
ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model ("LLM"). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data-including applications, policies, and claims-and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed .. human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
During the first month when ABC monitors the model for bias, it is most important to?
- A. Seek approval from management for any changes to the model.
- B. Compare the results to human decisions prior to deployment.
- C. Analyze the quality of the training and testing data.
- D. Continue disparity testing.
正解：D
解説：
During the first month of monitoring the model for bias, it is most important to continue disparity testing.
Disparity testing involves regularly evaluating the model's decisions to identify and address any biases, ensuring that the model operates fairly across different demographic groups.
Reference: Regular disparity testing is highlighted in the AIGP Body of Knowledge as a critical practice for maintaining the fairness and reliability of AI models. By continuously monitoring for and addressing disparities, organizations can ensure their AI systems remain compliant with ethical and legal standards, and mitigate any unintended biases that may arise in production.
質問 # 35
During the development of semi-autonomous vehicles, various failures occurred as a result of the sensors misinterpreting environmental surroundings, such as sunlight.
These failures are an example of?
- A. Hallucination.
- B. Uncertainty.
- C. Forgetting.
- D. Brittleness.
正解：D
解説：
The failures in semi-autonomous vehicles due to sensors misinterpreting environmental surroundings, such as sunlight, are examples of brittleness. Brittleness in AI systems refers to their inability to handle variations in input data or unexpected conditions, leading to failures when the system encounters situations that were not adequately covered during training. These systems perform well under specific conditions but fail when those conditions change. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on AI System Robustness and Failures.
質問 # 36
All of the following are elements of establishing a global Al governance infrastructure EXCEPT?
- A. Publicly disclosing ethical principles.
- B. Understanding differences in norms across countries.
- C. Creating policies and procedures to manage third-partyrisk.
- D. Providing training to foster a culture that promotes ethical behavior.
正解：A
解説：
Establishing a global AI governance infrastructure involves several key elements, including providing training to foster a culture that promotes ethical behavior, creating policies and procedures to manage third-party risk, and understanding differences in norms across countries. While publicly disclosing ethical principles can enhance transparency and trust, it is not a core element necessary for the establishment of a governance infrastructure. The focus is more on internal processes and structures rather than public disclosure. Reference:
AIGP Body of Knowledge on AI Governance and Infrastructure.
質問 # 37
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.
ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model ("LLM"). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data-including applications, policies, and claims-and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed a human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
Which of the following is the most important reason to train the underwriters on the model prior to deployment?
- A. Toensure they provide transparency applicants on the model.
- B. Toapply their own judgment to the initial assessment.
- C. Tosolicit on-going feedback on model performance.
- D. Toprovide a reminder of a right appeal.
正解：B
解説：
Training underwriters on the model prior to deployment is crucial so they can apply their own judgment to the initial assessment. While AI models can streamline the process, human judgment is still essential to catch nuances that the model might miss or to account for any biases or errors in the model's decision-making process.
Reference: The AIGP Body of Knowledge emphasizes the importance of human oversight in AI systems, particularly in high-stakes areas such as underwriting and loan approvals. Human underwriters can provide a critical review and ensure that the model's assessments are accurate and fair, integrating their expertise and understanding of complex cases.
質問 # 38
What is the best reason for a company adopt a policy that prohibits the use of generative Al?
- A. Avoid needing to identify and hire qualified resources.
- B. Avoid accidental disclosure to its confidential and proprietary information.
- C. Avoid using technology that cannot be monetized.
- D. Avoid the time necessary to train employees on acceptable use.
正解：B
解説：
The primary concern for a company adopting a policy prohibiting the use of generative AI is the risk of accidental disclosure of confidential and proprietary information. Generative AI tools can inadvertently leak sensitive data during the creation process or through data sharing. This risk outweighs the other reasons listed, as protecting sensitive information is critical to maintaining the company's competitive edge and legal compliance. This rationale is discussed in the sections on risk management and data privacy in the IAPP AIGP Body of Knowledge.
質問 # 39
Retraining an LLM can be necessary for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?
- A. To minimize degradation in prediction accuracy due tochanges in data.
- B. Adjust the model's hyper parameters specific use case.
- C. To ensure interpretability of the model's predictions.
- D. Account for new interpretations of the same data.
正解：C
解説：
Retraining an LLM (Large Language Model) is primarily done to improve or maintain its performance as data changes over time, to fine-tune it for specific use cases, and to incorporate new data interpretations to enhance accuracy and relevance. However, ensuring interpretability of the model's predictions is not typically a reason for retraining. Interpretability relates to how easily the outputs of the model can be understood and explained, which is generally addressed through different techniques or methods rather than through the retraining process itself. References to this can be found in the IAPP AIGP Body of Knowledge discussing model retraining and interpretability as separate concepts.
質問 # 40
Testing data is defined as a subset of data that is used to?
- A. Enable a model to discover and learn patterns.
- B. Assess a model's on-going performance in production.
- C. Evaluate a model's handling of randomized edge cases.
- D. Provide a robust evaluation of a final model.
正解：D
解説：
Testing data is a subset of data used to provide a robust evaluation of a final model. After training the model on training data, it is essential to test its performance on unseen data (testing data) to ensure it generalizes well to new, real-world scenarios. This step helps in assessing the model's accuracy, reliability, and ability to handle various data inputs. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on Model Validation and Testing.
質問 # 41
Under the NIST Al Risk Management Framework, all of the following are defined as characteristics of trustworthy Al EXCEPT?
- A. Tested and Effective.
- B. Accountable and Transparent.
- C. Secure and Resilient.
- D. Explainable and Interpretable.
正解：A
解説：
The NIST AI Risk Management Framework outlines several characteristics of trustworthy AI, including being secure and resilient, explainable and interpretable, and accountable and transparent. While being tested and effective is important, it is not explicitly listed as a characteristic of trustworthy AI in the NIST framework.
The focus is more on the system's ability to function safely, securely, and transparently in a way that stakeholders can understand and trust. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge, NIST AI RMF section.
質問 # 42
Which of the following disclosures is NOT required for an EU organization that developed and deployed a high-risk Al system?
- A. The fact that an Al system is being used.
- B. The human oversight measures employed.
- C. The location(s) where data is stored.
- D. How an individual may contest a decision.
正解：C
解説：
Under the EU AI Act, organizations that develop and deploy high-risk AI systems are required to provide several key disclosures to ensure transparency and accountability. These include the human oversight measures employed, how individuals can contest decisions made by the AI system, and informing individuals that an AI system is being used. However, there is no specific requirement to disclose the exact locations where data is stored. The focus of the Act is on the transparency of the AI system's operation and its impact on individuals, rather than on the technical details of data storage locations.
質問 # 43
The planning phase of the Al life cycle articulates all of the following EXCEPT the?
- A. Context in which the model will operate.
- B. Objective of the model.
- C. Choice of the architecture.
- D. Approach to governance.
正解：D
解説：
The planning phase of the AI life cycle typically includes defining the objective of the model, choosing the appropriate architecture, and understanding the context in which the model will operate. However, the approach to governance is usually established as part of the overall AI governance framework, not specifically within the planning phase. Governance encompasses broader organizational policies and procedures that ensure AI development and deployment align with legal, ethical, and operational standards. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge, AI lifecycle planning phase section.
質問 # 44
To maintain fairness in a deployed system, it is most important to?
- A. Protect against loss of personal data in the model.
- B. Optimize computational resources and data to ensure efficiency and scalability.
- C. Detect anomalies outside established metrics that require new training data.
- D. Monitor for data drift that may affect performance and accuracy.
正解：D
質問 # 45
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