2024年最新ののCWNP CWISA-102リアル試験問題集PDF
CWISA-102試験問題集、CWISA-102練習テスト問題
質問 # 30
What is an important acceptance agreement to achieve in the final customer meeting for a wireless IoT deployment?
- A. Power supply provisioning
- B. Support for wearable IoT solutions
- C. Stakeholder acceptance
- D. Scope definition
正解：C
解説：
Successful Deployment Depends on Buy-In: A final customer meeting signifies the handover phase. Achieving stakeholder agreement ensures everyone impacted by the solution has a voice and feels their concerns are addressed.
Sign-Off and Formal Acceptance: Stakeholders often need to formally "sign-off" on a project's completion, indicating satisfaction and readiness for operational use.
Other Options: While Important, Not the Primary Goal:
Scope definition typically happens much earlier
Solutions may or may not include wearables
Power supply should already be planned
References:
Project Management Methodologies: Emphasis on stakeholder involvement & acceptance criteria.
ITIL (Change Management): Materials on getting approval before a system goes live.
質問 # 31
What is the spacing between ZigBee channels when operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band?
- A. 5 MHz
- B. 25 MHz
- C. 1 MHz
- D. 2 MHz
正解：A
解説：
ZigBee Channel Spacing: ZigBee channels in the 2.4 GHz band are spaced 5 MHz apart. This helps manage interference in the crowded 2.4 GHz spectrum.
質問 # 32
What is the benefit of using SINR as opposed to SNR to reference signal quality at a receiver?
- A. SINR includes interference as well as the noise floor
- B. SNR includes interference measurements that skew the results
- C. SINR excludes interference and only measures the noise floor
- D. SNR excludes the noise floor, which skews the results
正解：A
解説：
SINR vs. SNR:
SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio): Measures the power of the desired signal relative to background noise.
SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio): Considers both background noise and interference from other signals operating on the same frequency.
Practical Importance: SINR is a more realistic indicator of real-world signal quality in wireless environments where interference is a significant factor.
References
SINR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio SNR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio
質問 # 33
What is the primary difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN
- A. LoRa is the Physical Layer and LoRaWAN is the Transport Layer
- B. LoRa uses RF and LoRaWAN uses light-based communications
- C. LoRa is used for communicating across the Internet and LoRaWAN is used only on the local link
- D. LoRa is the modulation method (using CSS modulation at the Physical Layer) and LoRaWAN is the MAC sub-layer of the Data Link layer
正解：D
解説：
LoRa: This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
LoRaWAN: This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.
References:
LoRa Modulation: Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
LoRaWAN Specification: Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
OSI Model: Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.
質問 # 34
Which one of the following is NOT a typical Smart City application?
- A. City-wide municipal Wi-Fi
- B. Self-driving ride sharing
- C. Demand-based road tolling
- D. Pollution monitoring
正解：B
解説：
Smart City Focus: Smart city initiatives mainly address infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and optimization of public services.
Ride-sharing Context: While self-driving technology could contribute to future smart city transportation, it's primarily a private-sector innovation, not a core municipal service like the other options.
Typical Smart City Applications:
Wi-Fi: Provides public internet access, enabling data collection
Pollution Monitoring: Tracks air/water quality for environmental management.
Demand-based Tolling: Adjusts pricing for traffic management.
References:
Smart City Examples: Case studies showcasing common application areas (infrastructure, environment, utilities).
Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities: Discussions of the potential interplay but emphasize the still-developing nature of self-driving tech.
質問 # 35
What statement best describes the difference between authentication and authorization?
- A. Authentication is used in wireless solutions and authorization is not
- B. Authentication proves identity and authorization determines access to specific resources
- C. Authentication is not used in wireless solutions and authorization is used in wireless solutions
- D. Authentication ensures privacy and authorization ensures availability
正解：B
解説：
Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).
Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read/write permissions).
Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.
References:
Identity and Access Management (IAM): Articles and resources outlining the core principles of authentication and authorization.
Cybersecurity Best Practices: Guides on securing systems will often emphasize the need for both authentication and authorization controls.
質問 # 36
What is defined as the weakening of signal amplitude as the signal passes through a medium?
- A. Diffraction
- B. Scattering
- C. Reflection
- D. Attenuation
正解：D
解説：
Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.
Other Phenomena:
Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles.
Reflection: Waves bouncing off surfaces.
**Scattering: ** Waves dispersing in multiple directions.
References
Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation
質問 # 37
You are troubleshooting a problem with a wireless solution that uses MQTT where the IoT end devices are not reporting to the MQTT server/broker. At what Layer of the OSI Model should troubleshooting begin when using a bottom-up method?
- A. Layer 4
- B. Layer 5
- C. Layer 1
- D. Layer 6
正解：C
解説：
Bottom-Up Troubleshooting: The OSI model provides a structured diagnostic approach. Starting at Layer 1 ensures basic physical connectivity issues are ruled out first.
MQTT Relies on IP: MQTT operates at a higher layer of the OSI model, relying on TCP/IP (Layers 4 and 3) for communication. Problems at the physical layer will disrupt everything built upon it.
Checking the Fundamentals: Before investigating complex application issues (MQTT), verify cables, link lights, Wi-Fi signal strength, etc.
References:
OSI Model: Descriptions of the seven layers, emphasizing the foundation provided by Layer 1 (Physical).
Network Troubleshooting Guides: Resources that outline common Layer 1 problems and their symptoms.
質問 # 38
What software is typically stored in ROM and is used to initialize a device?
- A. Service
- B. Container
- C. Firmware
- D. Application
正解：C
解説：
Firmware Definition: Firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware devices. It provides low-level instructions that control the basic operations and initialization of the device.
ROM Storage: Firmware is typically stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other forms of non-volatile memory, meaning it persists even when the device is powered off.
Functions:
Booting: Initiates the hardware and loads the operating system.
Hardware Control: Provides an interface between the hardware and the operating system.
BIOS: The firmware on PCs is often referred to as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
References
Firmware Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware
ROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
質問 # 39
You are implementing a smart office wireless solution for a small business. The business owner indicates that It is acceptable to use consumer-targeted wireless devices. What is a common negative attribute of consumer-targeted smart home or smart office devices?
- A. They rarely support features required for small business deployment
- B. They usually stop working after twelve months
- C. They typically only support FHSS modulation schemes
- D. They often operate only in the 2.4 GHz frequency band used by 802.11 devices
正解：D
解説：
Consumer Smart Devices Limitation: Many consumer-oriented smart devices are designed for simplicity and cost-effectiveness, leading to reliance on the crowded 2.4 GHz band.
Consequences:
High Interference: Increased potential for interference from Wi-Fi and other 2.4 GHz devices.
Limited scalability: Performance and reliability may degrade in busy wireless environments.
質問 # 40
You are deploying a ZigBee network based on the frequency band available for ZigBee deployment worldwide. What allowable action will do the most to minimize ZigBee and 802.11 interference?
- A. Use the 5 GHz band for all ZigBee communications
- B. Use the 2.4 GHz band for all 802.11 communications
- C. Use the 5 GHz band for all 802.11 communications
- D. Use the 6 GHz band for all ZigBee communications
正解：C
解説：
Wi-Fi and Zigbee Interference: Both can operate in the 2.4 GHz band, leading to potential interference that degrades performance for both networks.
5 GHz Advantages:
Less crowded: Fewer devices operate in the 5 GHz band, reducing interference potential.
Wider Channels: 5 GHz supports wider channels, enabling higher data throughput for Wi-Fi.
質問 # 41
What best describes the area covered or connected by a WWAN?
- A. City
- B. Region
- C. Campus
- D. In-building
正解：B
解説：
WWAN (Wide-Area Wireless Network): WWANs provide connectivity over extensive geographic areas, typically covering regions or even entire countries.
Cellular Technology: WWANs often rely on cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G) offered by mobile carriers.
References
WWAN: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_wide_area_network
質問 # 42
You have been asked to locate an intermittent RF interference source. What tool will assist best in locating the generating device?
- A. Protocol analyzer
- B. NMAP
- C. WinPCAP
- D. Spectrum analyzer
正解：D
解説：
isualizing RF Interference: Spectrum analyzers display radio frequencies across a range, showing signal strength and potential interference sources. This is crucial for identifying non-Wi-Fi devices that might be disrupting your wireless solution.
Other Tools Have Limitations:
NMAP: Network mapper, focused on discovering devices, not RF analysis
WinPCAP: Packet capture software, helpful but doesn't directly display the RF spectrum.
Protocol Analyzer: Analyzes network traffic, but won't pinpoint physical layer interference.
References:
Spectrum Analyzers: How they work and common use cases in RF troubleshooting.
Wireless Interference Types: Resources that discuss non-Wi-Fi interference sources (microwaves, cordless phones, etc.)
質問 # 43
In a wireless link, as the signal strength decreases, what else may decrease?
- A. Noise
- B. Transmission speeds
- C. Interference
- D. Latency
正解：B
解説：
Signal Strength and Data Rate: In wireless links, weaker signal strength often directly correlates to reduced transmission speeds. Modern wireless technologies use adaptive modulation and coding, sacrificing speed for reliability when signals become weaker.
Noise and Interference: While these can impact performance, they don't inherently decrease simply because signal strength drops.
Latency: Latency can be affected by poor signal, but its primary drivers are distance and network congestion.
References:
Wireless Signal Strength vs. Speed: Articles explaining the relationship and how adaptive modulation works.
Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS): Technical descriptions of how Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies adjust speeds based on signal quality.
質問 # 44
You must ensure proper security controls are in place for a wireless solution. The solution allows for the use of groups to grant access to resources and capabilities. What is the term used to describe a situation where an individual is granted more access than required because of inclusion in a group?
- A. Improper grouping
- B. Privilege escalation
- C. Privilege creep
- D. Improper delegation
正解：C
解説：
Privilege Creep Defined: Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
Other Terms:
Privilege Escalation: A malicious act of obtaining higher-than-authorized access.
Improper Delegation/Grouping: Faulty permission assignment, but not the gradual accretion aspect.
References:
Principle of Least Privilege: Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
Access Control Models: Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.
質問 # 45
Why is it important to adhere to safety and building codes when installing equipment?
- A. They can be ignored as they are regulations designed for other industries
- B. It is an insurance requirement designed to reduce insurance rates and reduce Incident reports against Insurance policies
- C. It protects the life and health of Installers and end users during installation and after the system Is deployed
- D. It prevents equipment from falling to the floor and being damaged because of the Impact
正解：C
解説：
Primary Concern: Safety: Building codes and safety regulations are there to prevent injury and accidents. This includes potential harm from improper equipment installation (falling objects, electrical hazards, etc.).
Legal and Ethical Responsibility: Organizations have an obligation to provide a safe workplace for employees and protect the well-being of end-users.
Insurance Considerations: While complying with codes may impact insurance rates, this shouldn't be the primary motivation, as safety itself is paramount.
References:
Occupational Safety and Health (e.g., OSHA in the US): Websites of regulatory bodies outlining guidelines for safe equipment installation in various settings.
Electrical Codes (e.g., National Electrical Code): Standards that address safe practices to prevent fire and shock hazards.
質問 # 46
Among these choices, what is the most common reason administrators use scripting during the deployment of a wireless solution?
- A. To provide time for playing solitaire
- B. To reduce configuration errors
- C. To enhance the capabilities of the resulting solution
- D. To increase the signal strength of the resulting wireless links
正解：B
解説：
Automation for Consistency: Scripts eliminate the potential for human error during repetitive configuration tasks on multiple devices. This ensures uniformity across the wireless solution.
Speed and Efficiency: Scripts can be much faster than manual configuration, particularly in large deployments.
Other Benefits: While scripts might aid signal strength (e.g., optimizing settings) or enhance solution capabilities, their core value in configuration is reducing errors.
References:
Network Automation: Benefits of using scripts for configuration management.
Configuration Management Best Practices: Emphasize the importance of consistency and repeatability.
質問 # 47
What is the role of the ITU in wireless communications?
- A. Oversees communications regulatory agencies in each country
- B. Coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum
- C. Defines international communications standards
- D. Establishes wireless radiation exposure limits
正解：B
解説：
ITU's Mandate: The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on global information and communication technologies (ICTs).
Radio Spectrum Regulation: A core ITU function is allocating radio spectrum bands and satellite orbits to prevent harmful interference between different countries and technologies. This coordination is essential for the orderly use of wireless communications worldwide.
Other ITU Roles: While involved in standard-setting and establishing best practices, options A and D are less precise than the ITU's spectrum coordination focus.
References:
ITU Website: (https://www.itu.int/en/) Outlines its activities and governance of radio spectrum.
ITU Radio Regulations: The international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum.
質問 # 48
You have been asked to consider smart building opportunities for your organization. Which one of these is a benefit of smart building technology?
- A. Increased vacation time for building managers
- B. Improved operational efficiency
- C. Reduced design and construction costs
- D. Faster Wi-Fi connectivity
正解：B
解説：
Smart Building Core Benefit: Smart building technologies primarily aim to optimize a building's operational efficiency through automation and data-driven insights.
Efficiency Examples:
Energy Management: Automated lighting and HVAC control based on occupancy and environmental conditions.
Maintenance: Predictive maintenance through IoT sensors reduces downtime.
Space Utilization: Optimization of space allocation based on real-time usage patterns.
References
Smart Buildings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_building
Articles on Benefits of Smart Buildings: A quick search will yield many resources detailing these advantages.
質問 # 49
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