2024年最新の実際に出るCWISA-102問題集テストエンジン試験問題はここにある
更新された公式資料はCWISA-102認証済みのCWISA-102問題集PDF
CWNP CWISA-102 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 15
How is ASK modulation different from FSK modulation?
- A. FSK is more sensitive to noise than ASK
- B. ASK varies the amplitude of the signal while FSK shifts its frequency
- C. ASK does not work at high frequencies
- D. ASK can carry more data than FSK
正解：B
解説：
Key Modulation Differences:
ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying): Digital data is represented by changes in the amplitude (strength) of a carrier wave.
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying): Digital data is represented by changes in the frequency of a carrier wave.
References
ASK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude-shift_keying
FSK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-shift_keying
質問 # 16
What organization maintains and publishes the 802.15.4 Standard?
- A. IETF
- B. IEEE
- C. Zigbee Alliance
- D. Bluetooth SIG
正解：B
解説：
IEEE 802.15.4: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a fundamental specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It serves as the basis for many wireless IoT protocols.
IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the organization responsible for creating, maintaining, and publishing the 802.15.4 standard.
References
IEEE 802.15.4 Standard: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_15_4-2020.html IEEE Website: https://www.ieee.org/
質問 # 17
What statement best describes the difference between authentication and authorization?
- A. Authentication proves identity and authorization determines access to specific resources
- B. Authentication is not used in wireless solutions and authorization is used in wireless solutions
- C. Authentication is used in wireless solutions and authorization is not
- D. Authentication ensures privacy and authorization ensures availability
正解：A
解説：
Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).
Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read/write permissions).
Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.
References:
Identity and Access Management (IAM): Articles and resources outlining the core principles of authentication and authorization.
Cybersecurity Best Practices: Guides on securing systems will often emphasize the need for both authentication and authorization controls.
質問 # 18
What consideration is found in PtMP systems that is not found in PtP systems?
- A. Interference avoidance
- B. SINR optimization
- C. Airtime management
- D. Frequency selection
正解：C
解説：
PtMP (Point-to-Multipoint): A single access point (AP) communicates with multiple client devices. This means the AP needs to manage how the available airtime is shared among those clients.
Airtime Fairness: Mechanisms are needed to ensure that:
Each client gets a fair chance to communicate
High-priority traffic isn't starved by low-priority traffic
PtP (Point-to-Point): A dedicated link only has two devices, eliminating the need for complex airtime management.
Considerations in Both: While interference, SINR, and frequency selection are important in both PtMP and PtP systems, the need for airtime management is unique to the multipoint scenario.
References:
Wireless Network Topologies (PtP vs. PtMP): References of the differences in how communication is managed in each scenario.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A common airtime sharing method used in PtMP systems.
質問 # 19
You are planning a wireless solution deployment. The organization has several wireless solutions in use. The new deployment must coexist with these other wireless solutions. What is the most important factor to consider when implementing the new wireless solution?
- A. Implementing matching encryption keys synchronized with the other wireless solutions
- B. Coordinating frequency use with the other wireless solutions
- C. Implementing contrasting encryption keys countering the other wireless solutions
- D. Coordinating mounting locations with the other wireless solutions
正解：B
解説：
Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.
Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:
Signal degradation: Reduced network performance and reliability.
Data errors and retransmissions: Inefficient operation and higher battery drain on devices.
質問 # 20
Which one of the following items has driven large serving 5- to 18-year-old students?
- A. Streaming music
- B. Wearable body sensors
- C. Online torrent sites
- D. Cloud-based applications
正解：D
解説：
Cloud-based applications drive bandwidth usage: Applications like Google Suite, Microsoft 365, and video conferencing (Zoom, Teams) are commonly used in educational settings. These rely on cloud servers, requiring significant downloads and uploads.
Shift towards online learning: More schools are utilizing online learning platforms and resources, further increasing their dependence on cloud-based solutions.
Streaming, torrents, wearables less impactful: Streaming music and torrent sites can contribute, but their impact is generally less significant. Wearables in education are still niche despite their potential.
References
Trends in education technology: Reports on the rise of cloud-based learning platforms in schools.
[Example: Project Tomorrow Speak Up Research Project on Digital Learning] (https://tomorrow.org/speakup/) Network usage studies in schools: Research on bandwidth usage patterns can confirm the primary drivers of traffic in educational settings.
質問 # 21
What is an advantage of an overlay monitoring system for wireless networks as opposed to an Integrated monitoring system?
- A. An overlay solution does not require power provisioning
- B. An overlay solution is less expensive than an integrated solution
- C. An overlay solution functions without disrupting services provided by the wireless network
- D. An overlay solution collects less data so that reporting is more efficient
正解：C
解説：
Overlay vs. Integrated Monitoring:
Overlay: A separate monitoring system independent of the primary wireless infrastructure.
Integrated: Monitoring functions built into wireless access points or controllers.
Overlay Advantage: Since the overlay system is separate, it doesn't add overhead or complexity to the core network, avoiding potential disruption of wireless services.
質問 # 22
You are defining capacity for a wireless solution. What is the most important factor related to each use case defined in relation to capacity?
- A. Protocols used on each device
- B. Number of devices
- C. Total airtime utilization
- D. Support for mobility
正解：B
解説：
Capacity Planning: The number of devices a wireless network can support is the primary determinant of its required capacity. This is because:
Traffic Load: Each device generates network traffic that contributes to the overall load.
Resource Sharing: Devices compete for airtime and bandwidth resources.
Device Type: Requirements vary; a simple sensor has different needs than a video camera.
質問 # 23
What best describes a proof-of-concept implementation?
- A. A full-scale test deployment in the target environment for users to work with
- B. A demonstration provided by the manufacturer in their facility that shows the capabilities of the system
- C. Testing for software bugs that might impact the end user
- D. A limited-scope prototype deployment in the target environment to test and demonstrate capabilities in the real world
正解：D
解説：
Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.
Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.
Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.
References:
IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.
質問 # 24
What is an important acceptance agreement to achieve in the final customer meeting for a wireless IoT deployment?
- A. Support for wearable IoT solutions
- B. Stakeholder acceptance
- C. Power supply provisioning
- D. Scope definition
正解：B
解説：
Successful Deployment Depends on Buy-In: A final customer meeting signifies the handover phase. Achieving stakeholder agreement ensures everyone impacted by the solution has a voice and feels their concerns are addressed.
Sign-Off and Formal Acceptance: Stakeholders often need to formally "sign-off" on a project's completion, indicating satisfaction and readiness for operational use.
Other Options: While Important, Not the Primary Goal:
Scope definition typically happens much earlier
Solutions may or may not include wearables
Power supply should already be planned
References:
Project Management Methodologies: Emphasis on stakeholder involvement & acceptance criteria.
ITIL (Change Management): Materials on getting approval before a system goes live.
質問 # 25
What is the spacing between ZigBee channels when operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band?
- A. 5 MHz
- B. 25 MHz
- C. 1 MHz
- D. 2 MHz
正解：A
解説：
ZigBee Channel Spacing: ZigBee channels in the 2.4 GHz band are spaced 5 MHz apart. This helps manage interference in the crowded 2.4 GHz spectrum.
質問 # 26
What is the role of the ITU in wireless communications?
- A. Oversees communications regulatory agencies in each country
- B. Establishes wireless radiation exposure limits
- C. Defines international communications standards
- D. Coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum
正解：D
解説：
ITU's Mandate: The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on global information and communication technologies (ICTs).
Radio Spectrum Regulation: A core ITU function is allocating radio spectrum bands and satellite orbits to prevent harmful interference between different countries and technologies. This coordination is essential for the orderly use of wireless communications worldwide.
Other ITU Roles: While involved in standard-setting and establishing best practices, options A and D are less precise than the ITU's spectrum coordination focus.
References:
ITU Website: (https://www.itu.int/en/) Outlines its activities and governance of radio spectrum.
ITU Radio Regulations: The international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum.
質問 # 27
What part(s) of the OSI network model does the IETF primarily focus on for the development of standards?
- A. All layers
- B. Network Layer and above
- C. Physical Layerand above
- D. Data Link Layer
正解：B
解説：
IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:
IP (Internet Protocol): Foundation of internet addressing and routing.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented data transport.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, best-effort data transport.
DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names into IP addresses.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Web communication.
References
IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/
OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model
質問 # 28
What is most often used to track livestock on large farms and identify each animal Individually?
- A. Thermistor sensors
- B. Photodiode sensors
- C. 802.11 wireless radios
- D. RFID tags
正解：D
解説：
RFID for Livestock: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are the most widely used technology for livestock tracking and individual identification on large farms.
Benefits:
Unique ID: Each RFID tag has a unique code.
Data Storage: Some tags store information about the animal.
Durability: Tags withstand outdoor conditions.
Automated Reading: Tags can be scanned quickly.
References
RFID (General): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification
質問 # 29
What is the primary difference between LoRa and LoRaWAN
- A. LoRa is used for communicating across the Internet and LoRaWAN is used only on the local link
- B. LoRa uses RF and LoRaWAN uses light-based communications
- C. LoRa is the Physical Layer and LoRaWAN is the Transport Layer
- D. LoRa is the modulation method (using CSS modulation at the Physical Layer) and LoRaWAN is the MAC sub-layer of the Data Link layer
正解：D
解説：
LoRa: This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
LoRaWAN: This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.
References:
LoRa Modulation: Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
LoRaWAN Specification: Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
OSI Model: Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.
質問 # 30
What best describes the area covered or connected by a WWAN?
- A. Region
- B. In-building
- C. City
- D. Campus
正解：A
解説：
WWAN (Wide-Area Wireless Network): WWANs provide connectivity over extensive geographic areas, typically covering regions or even entire countries.
Cellular Technology: WWANs often rely on cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G) offered by mobile carriers.
References
WWAN: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_wide_area_network
質問 # 31
In a wireless link, as the signal strength decreases, what else may decrease?
- A. Noise
- B. Latency
- C. Transmission speeds
- D. Interference
正解：C
解説：
Signal Strength and Data Rate: In wireless links, weaker signal strength often directly correlates to reduced transmission speeds. Modern wireless technologies use adaptive modulation and coding, sacrificing speed for reliability when signals become weaker.
Noise and Interference: While these can impact performance, they don't inherently decrease simply because signal strength drops.
Latency: Latency can be affected by poor signal, but its primary drivers are distance and network congestion.
References:
Wireless Signal Strength vs. Speed: Articles explaining the relationship and how adaptive modulation works.
Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS): Technical descriptions of how Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies adjust speeds based on signal quality.
質問 # 32
You are performing an implementation for a cloud-based wireless solution. How is connectivity to the cloud established? (Choose the single best answer.)
- A. Through BLE Layer 2 connections that do not use IP
- B. Through the use of IPX/SPX routers
- C. Through cellular Internet connections only
- D. Through any Layer 3 network connected to the Internet
正解：D
解説：
Cloud Connectivity Relies on IP: Most cloud-based services operate via the internet, which utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) at Layer 3 of the network model.
Flexibility: Various Layer 2 technologies (Ethernet, Wi-Fi) can connect to a Layer 3 network that ultimately provides Internet access BLE Exception: Bluetooth Low Energy can have cloud connectivity, but often through gateways and not as a direct Layer 2 connection.
Eliminating Incorrect Options: IPX/SPX is an outdated protocol, and cellular is only one possible way to achieve Internet access.
References:
OSI Model: Descriptions of Network Layers, especially Layer 2 (Data Link) and Layer 3 (Network).
Cloud Architecture: Diagrams showing how devices commonly access cloud resources through internet-based infrastructures.
質問 # 33
You are considering the implementation of a lab for testing wireless equipment. What is the primary benefit of such a lab? (Choose the single best answer.)
- A. Provides a failover environment for your production systems
- B. Provides a safe environment in which to develop practical skills and knowledge of a technology and to test the technology
- C. Provides a way to repurpose old hardware that is not ready for final removal
- D. Provides for testing to determine how much RF exposure you can tolerate
正解：B
解説：
Lab Purpose: Wireless testing labs offer controlled settings to:
Skill Development: Hone practical understanding of wireless technologies without impacting production environments.
Experimentation: Safely test different configurations, compatibility, and potential issues.
Troubleshooting: Isolate problems, test solutions, and understand how equipment behaves in various scenarios.
Other Benefits (While not the primary benefit):
Learning Environment: Ideal for structured training and exploration.
Evaluation: Compare hardware performance before deployment.
References
Benefits of IT Labs: Can be extended from wireless to broader IT experimentation and learning. (Articles on this topic are readily available)
質問 # 34
You are planning a wireless solution. Why should you consider an ongoing monitoring system for use after the solution is deployed?
- A. The number of users and the use of the solution will change over time and monitoring allows for detection of these changes
- B. Monitoring the solution provides additional billable hours
- C. To ensure that the system continues to meet the original requirements, even if users later indicate poor performance
- D. Implementation validation is never completed, it continues throughout the life of the system
正解：A
解説：
Ongoing Monitoring for Adaptability: Wireless networks are dynamic environments. Ongoing monitoring is essential because:
Changing Usage Patterns: User numbers and how they utilize the network evolve over time.
Capacity Adjustments: Monitoring reveals if the network needs scaling for more devices or changing use cases.
Security: Helps detect unauthorized access or anomalies.
References
Importance of Wireless Network Monitoring: Resources will detail its role in proactive management
質問 # 35
Among these choices, what is the most common reason administrators use scripting during the deployment of a wireless solution?
- A. To enhance the capabilities of the resulting solution
- B. To provide time for playing solitaire
- C. To increase the signal strength of the resulting wireless links
- D. To reduce configuration errors
正解：D
解説：
Automation for Consistency: Scripts eliminate the potential for human error during repetitive configuration tasks on multiple devices. This ensures uniformity across the wireless solution.
Speed and Efficiency: Scripts can be much faster than manual configuration, particularly in large deployments.
Other Benefits: While scripts might aid signal strength (e.g., optimizing settings) or enhance solution capabilities, their core value in configuration is reducing errors.
References:
Network Automation: Benefits of using scripts for configuration management.
Configuration Management Best Practices: Emphasize the importance of consistency and repeatability.
質問 # 36
What is the typical range of a wireless body area network (WBAN)?
- A. 10 meters
- B. 10 square meters
- C. 1-2 meters
- D. 10 centimeters
正解：C
解説：
WBAN Range: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) specialize in short-range communication around the human body. Typical ranges fall within 1-2 meters.
Purpose: This range is designed to:
Connect sensors monitoring health metrics.
Transmit data to a central coordinator device (e.g., smartphone).
Minimize interference potential with other wireless networks.
References
WBAN Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_area_network
WBAN Research Paper (Check Range Discussion): https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/11/4/67
質問 # 37
What is the most common difference between a single board computer (SBC) and a controller board?
- A. SBCs typically have connectors for display and input devices while controller boards do not
- B. Controller boards have I/O headers and SBCs do not
- C. Controller boards have more powerful processors than most SBCs
- D. SBCs always have connectors for M2 devices and controller boards do not
正解：A
解説：
SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:
Display Interfaces: HDMI, DisplayPort, etc.
Input Connections: USB for keyboards, mice, etc.
General Purpose Functionality: Can run a full operating system for wider applications.
Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.
Limited direct I/O: Limited connectors for displays/input devices.
Specialized tasks: Designed for embedded applications within larger systems.
References
SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/, https://www.beagleboard.org/ Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/
質問 # 38
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