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質問 # 40
Which of the following items helps to align the assumptions and expectations of executive sponsors, stakeholders, and supply chain transformation team members?

A. Project configuration document
B. Work breakdown structure
C. Project charter
D. Scope statement

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
According to the CTSC Enterprise and Supply Chain Management (ESCM) manual, a project charter is a document that helps to align the assumptions and expectations of executive sponsors, stakeholders, and supply chain transformation team members1.It provides a clear and concise description of the project's scope, objectives, benefits, risks, deliverables, roles and responsibilities, and authority of the project manager1.It alsoserves as a formal authorization for the project and a communication tool for the project team and other stakeholders1.
1: https://www.ascm.org/ctsc-ecm/

質問 # 41
In order to build organizational support to extend the supply chain initiative to the greater value chain, the core team should:

A. determine whether other supply chain transformation is needed.
B. gain consensus for a pilot project.
C. identify value chain improvement roles.
D. define the scope of the greater value chain.

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
According to the CTSC Enterprise and Supply Chain Management (ESCM) manual, the greater value chain is the network of organizations that collaborate to create and deliver value to the end customer1.It includes not only the supply chain, but also other stakeholders such as distributors, retailers, service providers, and even competitors1.To extend the supply chain initiative to the greater value chain, the core team should first define the scope of the greater value chain, which means identifying the key players, processes, and flows that are involved in creating and delivering value1.This will help the core team to understand the current state of the greater value chain, the opportunities and challenges for improvement, and the potential impact of the initiative on the overall value creation1.
1: https://www.ascm.org/ctsc-ecm/

質問 # 42
When tasked with developing a transformational supply chain strategy, it is important to start with:

A. identifying and documenting external megatrends.
B. determining the customers' current and future needs.
C. scanning and assessing the competitor landscape.
D. prioritizing actions and assessing their effectiveness.

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
According to the ASCM CTSC Exam Content Manual, one of the first steps in developing a transformational supply chain strategy is to "determine the current and future needs and expectations of the customers, and align the supply chain strategy with the business strategy and customer value proposition" (p. 16). This helps to ensure that the supply chain transformation is customer-centric and focused on delivering value to the end users. The other options are also important, but they should be done after the initial determination of the customers' needs.

質問 # 43
Which of the following options can drive continuous improvement?

A. Adapt the practices of best-in-class companies for implementing continuous improvement.
B. Refer to the index of best-in-class companies as a continuous improvement target.
C. Use a combined bottom-up and top-down approach at all levels in the enterprise.
D. Evaluate individual and group performance in relation to corporate strategies regularly.

正解：C

質問 # 44
Which of the following collaboration mechanisms involves the establishment of long-term relationships with partners to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain?

A. Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR)
B. Distribution resource planning (DRP II)
C. Total quality management (TQM)
D. Supplier relationship management (SRM)

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
According to the ASCM CTSC Exam Content Manual, CPFR is a collaboration mechanism that involves the establishment of long-term relationships with partners to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain.CPFR is defined as "a business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment of customer demand"1.CPFR enables partners to share information, align plans, and synchronize activities across the supply chain, resulting in reduced inventories, improved service levels, and increased sales23.
1: ASCM CTSC Exam Content Manual, page 8.2:Six steps to successful supply chain collaboration | McKinsey3:Supply Chain Collaboration: Meaning, Importance, Features & Impact | GEP Blog

質問 # 45
In the SCOR model, the analysis of indicators of supply chain's performance from level 1 through 3 is referred to as:

A. metrics attribution.
B. performance cascading.
C. metrics decomposition.
D. performance classification.

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
According to the CTSC Exam Content Manual, metrics decomposition is the analysis of indicators of supply chain performance from level 1 through 3 in the SCOR model1.Metrics decomposition helps to identify the root causes of performance gaps, prioritize improvement opportunities, and align metrics across different levels and processes1.The SCOR model defines four levels of metrics: level 1 metrics are strategic, cross-functional, and end-to-end; level 2 metrics are tactical and process-specific; level 3 metrics are operational and sub-process-specific; and level 4 metrics are transactional and implementation-specific2.Metrics decomposition is different from metrics attribution, which is the assignment of metrics to the responsible parties or processes1.Metrics decomposition is also different from performance cascading, which is the translation of strategic objectives into operational goals and metrics1. Performance classification is not a term used in the SCOR model.

質問 # 46
In order to determine the appropriate level of cybersecurity practices necessary for an organization, the company should:

A. refer to best practices outlined in ISO 27000 standards.
B. define and discuss the collaboration methods with business partners.
C. evaluate the situations that could result in business disruption.
D. indicate the information shared with business partners.

正解：C

質問 # 47
Many of the business risks associated with digital supply chain arising from data complexity, cybersecurity, and data protection can be comprehensively addressed by:

A. making digital risks a part of the overall risk management culture of the company.
B. treating digital risks as a stand-alone risk management category.
C. having information technology (IT) and risk management teams collaborate with each other to prevent or greatly minimize adverse incidents.
D. applying data analytics tools to monitor and analyze risks throughout the supply chain.

正解：A

質問 # 48
Why is over-processing considered a type of waste in lean manufacturing?

A. Over-producing could add features that narrow the marketability of the item and reduce revenue.
B. Taking extra time to over-produce makes it a type of waste.
C. Due to being over-engineered, the price will become out of balance with the market.
D. Manufacturing to a higher quality than is required takes more natural resources, time, and energy without adding value.

正解：D

質問 # 49
Which organizational structure would be most appropriate for a small start-up company?

A. Centralized structure
B. Decentralized structure
C. Matrix structure
D. Flat structure

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
a flat structure is the most appropriate organizational structure for a small start-up company.A flat structure is defined as "a type of organizational structure that has few or no levels of middle management between the employees and the executives"1.A flat structure allows for more direct communication, collaboration, and decision-making among the employees and the leaders, which can enhance innovation, agility, and responsiveness in a start-up environment12.A flat structure also reduces bureaucracy, hierarchy, and overhead costs, and empowers the employees to take more ownership and initiative in their work12.A flat structure is suitable for a small start-up company that has a simple and flexible business model, a lean and cross-functional team, and a customer-centric and value-driven culture12.

質問 # 50
A company undergoing a supply chain transformation is working on developing enhanced metrics to measure digital supply chain performance. Which of the following criteria best illustrates the evolution of traditional metrics?

A. Measuring average operating margin per employee by product line
B. Increase in profitability per employee due to continuous improvement projects
C. Deployment of perfect order metrics across the extended supply chain by capturing customer performance data
D. On-hand inventory at greater risk of obsolescence as indicated by predictive modeling tools

正解：C

質問 # 51
Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the days of supply for raw materials?

A. Value of raw materials / (Cost of goods sold / 365)
B. Cost of goods sold / (Value of raw materials / 365)
C. Value of raw materials / (Average raw material inventory / 365)
D. Average raw material inventory / (Value of raw materials / 365)

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
According to the ASCM CTSC Exam Content Manual, the formula for raw material inventory days of supply is the value of raw materials inventory divided by the "value of transfers divided by 365 days" 1. The value of transfers is the same as the cost of goods sold, which is the total cost of producing and delivering the prod-ucts to the customers 2. Therefore, the formula can be simplified as the value of raw materials divided by the cost of goods sold per day, which is the same as option A. The other options are incorrect because they either use the wrong numerator or denominator, or invert the ratio.
1:12:2

質問 # 52
According to the strategy hierarchy, which of the following strategies harmonizes plans to improve competencies of an organization as a whole?

A. Functional area strategy
B. Operating strategy
C. Business strategy
D. Corporate strategy

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
According to the CTSC Exam Content Manual1, corporate strategy is the highest level of strategy in the strategy hierarchy. It involves defining the overall purpose, scope, and direction of the organization, as well as allocating resources and setting performancegoals for the entire organization. Corporate strategy also harmonizes plans to improve competencies of an organization as a whole, such as innovation, sustainability, digital transformation, and social responsibility. Option A, business strategy, is the level of strategy that focuses on how a business unit or division competes in a specific market or industry. Option C, functional area strategy, is the level of strategy that focuses on how a functional department or team supports the business strategy and the corporate strategy. Option D, operating strategy, is the level of strategy that focuses on how the daily operations and processes are executed and optimized.

質問 # 53
Which of the following entry criteria must be met before initiating a supply chain transformation project?

A. Information technology (IT) adjustment
B. An implementation roadmap
C. Skills and resources changes
D. Network configuration modifications

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
According to the CTSC Exam Content Manual, one of the entry criteria that must be met before initiating a supply chain transformation project is an implementation roadmap1.An implementation roadmap is a document that outlines the scope, objectives, activities, deliverables, milestones, resources, and risks of the transformation project1.An implementation roadmap helps to guide and monitor the execution of the project, as well as to communicate and align the expectations and responsibilities of the stakeholders1. The other options are not entry criteria that must be met before initiating a supply chain transformation project, as they are more related to the outcomes or the actions of the project.Network configuration modifications, information technology (IT) adjustment, and skills and resources changes are examples of the changes that may result from the supply chain transformation project, but they are not prerequisites for starting the project2.

質問 # 54
When developing risk plans for supply chain segments, which of the following product categories should have the most complete and thorough risk mitigation plans?

A. Important products that must be kept cold
B. Important products that require ocean transport for delivery
C. Important products that are government regulated
D. Important products where there is a single available supplier

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
According to the ASCM CTSC Exam Content Manual, one of the factors that influences the risk exposure of a supply chain segment is the availability of alternative sources of supply (p. 20). If there is only one available supplier for an important product, the supply chain segment is more vulnerable to disruptions and uncertainties, such as supplier failure, quality issues, price fluctuations, or geopolitical events. Therefore, this product category should have the most complete and thorough risk mitigation plans, which may include strategies such as developing backup suppliers, increasing inventory buffers, diversifying sourcing locations, or implementing contractual agreements.

質問 # 55
Which of the following options is the most appropriate step in establishing performance targets?

A. Communicate the index of best-in-class companies in a monthly newsletter to internal employees.
B. Use internal best-in-class divisions' metrics as baseline key performance indicators (KPIs) for similar functions in the company.
C. Conduct a survey with all functional team managers and get consensus to the metrics in the scorecard.
D. Ensure the data being used in the metric calculations are accurate and have been collected recently.

正解：D

質問 # 56
A retail company is experiencing stockouts of a popular product due to supply chain disruptions.
Which of the following steps should the company take to address this issue according to the theory of constraints (TOC)?