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2024年最新のな厳密検証された合格させる702-100試験にはリアル問題と解答
Linux Professional Institute（LPI）は、ITの専門家にさまざまなLinuxおよびオープンソースの認定を提供する国際的に認められた組織です。 LPI 702-100試験は、LinuxとUNIXの概念を十分に理解し、BSDオペレーティングシステムを含むように知識と専門知識を拡大したい個人向けに設計されています。
LPI 702-100試験は、2時間のパフォーマンスベースの試験であり、BSDオペレーティングシステムにソフトウェアをインストール、構成、管理する能力を実証する必要があります。この試験では、複数選択と空白の両方の質問の両方、および候補者がさまざまなソフトウェアパッケージを構成およびトラブルシューティングする必要がある実用的なタスクで構成されています。
質問 # 11
Which of the following features are provided by the command date'? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. It sets the clock to a specific time
- B. It displays a calendar
- C. It changes the system's timezone.
- D. It outputs the time in a specific format
- E. It sends NTP queries
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
The date command in BSD systems provides the following features:
It outputs the time in a specific format. The date command can display the current date and time in various formats, depending on the options and arguments given. For example, the command date
+%Y-%m-%d will output the date in the format of year-month-day, such as 2023-04-30. The command date +%T will output the time in the format of hour:minute:second, such as 22:51:42. The command date +%A will output the full name of the weekday, such as Thursday. The date command supports many formatting characters that can be used to customize the output. For a full list of formatting characters, see the date(1) manual page1.
It sets the clock to a specific time. The date command can also be used to set the system date and time, if the user has the appropriate privileges. For example, the command date 0430225123 will set the date and time to April 30, 2023, 22:51:42. The command date -u 0430225123 will set the date and time to the same value, but in UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) instead of the local time zone. The command date -n will set the date and time to the current network time, using the ntpd(8) daemon1.
The date command does not provide the following features:
It does not display a calendar. The date command only displays the date and time, not a calendar. To display a calendar, the cal(1) or ncal(1) commands can be used instead. For example, the command cal 4
2023 will display the calendar for April 2023. The command ncal -w 2023 will display the calendar for the whole year 2023, with week numbers23.
It does not send NTP queries. The date command does not send any network requests or queries to NTP (Network Time Protocol) servers. To synchronize the system clock with NTP servers, the ntpd(8) daemon or the ntpdate(8) utility can be used instead. For example, the command ntpd -q will query one or more NTP servers and adjust the system clock accordingly. The command ntpdate pool.ntp.org will set the date and time to the value returned by the NTP server pool.ntp.org45.
It does not change the system's timezone. The date command does not change the system's timezone setting, only the date and time values. To change the system's timezone, the tzsetup(8) utility or the ln(1) command can be used instead. For example, the command tzsetup will run an interactive program that allows the user to select a timezone from a list of regions and cities. Thecommand ln -sf
/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris /etc/localtime will create a symbolic link from the file /etc/localtime to the file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris, which contains the timezone information for Paris, France .
References:
date(1) - FreeBSD
cal(1) - FreeBSD
ncal(1) - FreeBSD
ntpd(8) - FreeBSD
ntpdate(8) - FreeBSD
[tzsetup(8) - FreeBSD]
[ln(1) - FreeBSD]
質問 # 12
Which of the following chmod commands changes the permission of the file text. txt to 750?
- A. chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o= text.txt
- B. chmod text.txt=u:rw,g:r,o:r
- C. chmod text.txt 750
- D. chmod -u rw -g rx -o - text.txt
- E. chmod user:rw, group:r, other:x
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Permissions involve read, write, and execute roles that can be assigned to the owner, a group, or other users1.To use the chmod command, you must specify the permission you want to set and the file or directory you want to modify1.For example,chmod +rwx filenameto add permissions,chmod -rwx directorynameto remove permissions, orchmod +x filenameto allow executable permissions2.
There are two ways to specify the permissions with the chmod command: symbolic notation and numeric notation1.Symbolic notation uses letters and symbols to represent the user classes and the permissions1.Numeric notation uses octal numbers (0-7) to represent the permissions for each user class1.Each octal digit corresponds to a combination of read , write (w), and execute (x) permissions, as shown in the table below3:
Octal digit
Binary representation
Permissions
0
000
-
1
001
-x
2
010
-w-
3
011
-wx
4
100
r-
5
101
r-x
6
110
rw-
7
111
rwx
To use numeric notation, you need to provide three octal digits, one for each user class (owner, group, and others)1.For example,chmod 644 filenamemeans that the owner has read and write permissions (6), the group has read permissions (4), and others have read permissions (4)1.
In this question, the desired permission for the file text.txt is 750, which means that the owner has read, write, and execute permissions (7), the group has read and execute permissions (5), and others have no permissions (0)1. Therefore, the correct chmod command to change the permission of the file text.txt to 750 ischmod text.txt 750.
References:1: Chmod Command in Linux (File Permissions) | Linuxize2: How to change directory permissions in Linux | Pluralsight3: How to Use the chmod Command on Linux - How-To Geek
質問 # 13
Which directories contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /usr/rc.d/
- B. /boot/red/
- C. /etc/red/
- D. /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
- E. /var/boot/rc.d/
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
The directories that contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD are /usr/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The
/usr/rc.d/ directory contains the system-provided scripts for the base system services, such as cron, sshd, syslogd, etc. The /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ directory contains the scripts for the additional services installed from ports or packages, such as apache, mysql, nginx, etc. These scripts follow the BSD rc.d framework, which allows for fine-grained control and customization of the startup process. The scripts are invoked by the main
/etc/rc script, which sources the /etc/rc.conf file for configuration options
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/rc-scripting/
質問 # 14
Which of the following commands have to be used in order to update FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. freebsd-update fetch
- B. freebsd-update resolvedeps
- C. freebsd-update install
- D. freebsd-update repoupdate
- E. freebsd-update all
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
To update FreeBSD, the freebsd-update fetch command is used to download available binary updates, and the freebsd-update install command is used to apply the downloaded updates to the system. These commands are part of the freebsd-update utility, which supports binary security and errata updates to the FreeBSD base system without the need for manual compilation and installation2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - freebsd-update
質問 # 15
Given the following listing
-rw-r-r- 1root whee115254 Nov 13 08:55 bobsfile
How can the superuser grant the user bob write permission to this file?
- A. chmod +x bobsfile
- B. chgrp bob bobsfile
- C. vipw -u bob bobsfile
- D. chperm 664 bobsfile
- E. chown bob:bob bobsfile
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The command chown changes the ownership of a file or directory. The syntax is chown user:group file, where user is the new owner and group is the new group of the file. In this case, the superuser can grant the user bob write permission to the file by changing both the owner and the group of the file to bob. This way, bob will have the same permissions as the original owner, which is read and write. Alternatively, the superuser can also use the command chmod to change the permissions of the file without changing the ownership. For example, chmod g+w bobsfile will add write permission to the group, and chmod o+w bobsfile will add write permission to others. However, these commands will also affect other users who belong to the same group or are not the owner or the group of the file. References:
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Ownership
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Permissions
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist: 702.1 Filesystem and Devices
質問 # 16
When creating a symbolic link, an error message indicating that the target already exists is displayed. Which statement is true?
- A. In can override the target, but only if it is a directory
- B. In can override the target, whether it is a file or a directory.
- C. In can not override an existing target so the target must be manually removed
- D. In can override the target, but only if it is a file.
- E. In can not override an existing symbolic link.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A symbolic link, or symlink, is a special type of file that points to another file or directory on the file system1.
When creating a symbolic link with the ln command, the syntax is as follows:
ln -s target link
where target is the file or directory to link to, and link is the name of the symbolic link2. If the link name already exists, the ln command will fail and display an error message indicating that the target already exists3. This is because the ln command does not overwrite existing files or directories by default4. Therefore, the only way to create a symbolic link with the same name as an existing file or directory is to manually remove the existing target first, and then run the ln command again. Alternatively, the ln command can be used with the -f (force) option, which will remove the existing target and create the symbolic link in one step4.
However, this option is not mentioned in the question, so the correct answer is A.
References: 1: How to Create Symbolic Links in Linux [Complete Guide] - Linux Handbook 2: Ln Command in Linux (Create Symbolic Links) | Linuxize 3: How to Create and Use Symbolic Links (aka Symlinks) on Linux - How-To Geek 4: Symbolic Links in Unix/Linux - Stack Abuse
質問 # 17
Which configuration file defines when log files are rotated'?
- A. /etc/newsyslog.conf
- B. /etc/logs.conf
- C. /etc/rc.logd
- D. /etc/syslog.conf
- E. /etc/rc.d/syslogd
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The /etc/newsyslog.conf file is the configuration file for the newsyslog command, which is used to rotate log files on BSD systems. The newsyslog command is typically run by cron at regular intervals to check if any log files need to be rotated based on the criteria specified in the /etc/newsyslog.conf file. The file contains a series of entries, one per line, that define the log file name, the owner and group, the mode, the count, the size, the when, the flags, and the pidfile for each log file. For example, the following entry in the /etc/newsyslog.conf file:
/var/log/messages root:wheel 644 7 * @T00 Z /var/run/syslog.pid
means that the /var/log/messages file is owned by root and belongs to the wheel group, has the mode 644, is rotated 7 times, has no size limit, is rotated at midnight every day, is compressed after rotation, and the process ID of syslogd is read from /var/run/syslog.pid and sent a signal to reopen the log file.
The other options are either invalid files or belong to other purposes. For example, /etc/logs.conf is not a valid file, /etc/rc.logd is a startup script for the log daemon, /etc/rc.d/syslogd is a startup script for the syslog daemon, and /etc/syslog.conf is the configuration file for the syslog daemon.
References:
[newsyslog.conf] - FreeBSD newsyslog.conf(5) Manual Page
[newsyslog] - FreeBSD newsyslog(8) Manual Page
[Log File Rotation] - FreeBSD Handbook
質問 # 18
Which statement about the difference between compiling an application from source code and installing a pre-compiled binary is true?
- A. Compiling source code is faster than installing a pre-compiled package.
- B. An application compiled from source code is more secure than a pre-compiled program
- C. Applications that require the user to accept a license are only available as pre-compiled packages.
- D. Pre-compiled binaries offer more configuration possibilities than those built from source.
- E. Building an application from source code allows setting options which can not be changed when executing the application
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
Compiling an application from source code allows for customization of the binary to a system's particular needs, including optimization for specific hardware and enabling or disabling certain features. Pre-compiled binaries are quick and easy to install but they don't allow for such customization.
References:
Understand the difference between a pre-compiled binary and compiling from source
質問 # 19
While using vi as superuser. the attempt to save a file while quitting the editor leads to an error indicating that the file is read-only. How can the file permissions be overridden to save the edits to the file and quit the editor?
- A. : fw!
- B. : wq
- C. : ql
- D. : wq!
- E. : fwq
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The wq! command is used to save a file and quit the vi editor, even if the file is read-only. The w command means write, the q command means quit, and the ! command means force. By combining these commands, the vi editor will override the file permissions and save the changes to the file, then exit the editor. The other options are either invalid syntax or do not force the write operation. For example, wq will save and quit only if the file is writable, ql will quit without saving, and fw! will force write but not quit. References:
[vi] - FreeBSD vi(1) Manual Page
[wq!] - How to save a file in vi / vim editor in Linux / Unix
質問 # 20
Which of the following commands installs binary packages on OpenBSD?
- A. portinst
- B. pkg_add
- C. port add
- D. pkgbin
- E. pkg install
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The command pkg_add is used to install binary packages on OpenBSD systems. It is a utility for installing and upgrading software packages from binary files. When using pkg_add, the system will fetch and install the specified package, along with any dependencies it may have123.
References:
OpenBSD manual pages - packages(7)
nixCraft - OpenBSD install or add binary software package using pkg_add
質問 # 21
What file contains values for MIBs which are set during system startup? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
正解：
解説：
/etc/rc.conf
Explanation
The file /etc/rc.conf contains values for Management Information Bases (MIBs) which are set during system startup. This file is used to configure system-wide settings, including the enabling and disabling of services, network settings, and other startup configurations2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - The FreeBSD Booting Process
質問 # 22
Which command can be used to display the local filesystems that are currently mounted'?
- A. rpcinfo
- B. cat /etc/fstab
- C. mount -a
- D. df -h C du -s
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The command df -h displays the disk space usage of all mounted filesystems in a human-readable format. It shows the size, used, available, and percentage of each filesystem, as well as the mount point. This command can be used to check the local filesystems that are currently mounted.
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/24182/how-to-get-the-complete-and-exact-list-of-mounted-filesystems
https://www.tecmint.com/find-mounted-file-systems-in-linux/
https://itslinuxfoss.com/check-filesystem-mounted-linux/
質問 # 23
Which line in a cron job runs myscript once per hour?
- A. * 0 * * * /pathto/myscript
- B. * * o * * /pathto/myscript
- C. 0 * * * * /pathto/myscript
- D. * * * o * /pathto/myscript
- E. ***** /pathto/myscript
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The cron job syntax consists of five fields that specify the time and date of execution, followed by the command or script to run. The fields are: minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. Each field can have a specific value, a range, a list, a wildcard (), or a step value. The wildcard () means any possible value for that field. The option B sets the minute field to 0 and the hour field to *, which means the script will run at the 0th minute of every hour, regardless of the day, month, or weekday. This is equivalent to once per hour.
The other options are either invalid syntax or do not match the desired frequency. For example, option A sets all fields to *, which means the script will run every minute of every hour of every day, month, and weekday.
Option C sets the minute field to * and the hour field to 0, which means the script will run every minute of the
0th hour, or once per day at midnight. Option D has a typo (o instead of *) and option E sets the day of month field to o, which is not a valid value. References:
crontab - FreeBSD crontab(5) Manual Page1
Crontab Explained in Linux [With Examples] - Linux Handbook2
質問 # 24
What is the name of the NetBSD installation program?
- A. bsd.rd
- B. sysinsta11
- C. sysinst
- D. nbinsta11
- E. anaconda
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The name of the NetBSD installation program is sysinst. It is the standard installer used by NetBSD for setting up the system on a new machine. The sysinst program guides users through the installation process, including disk partitioning, package selection, and system configuration45.
References:
NetBSD Guide - Example installation
NetBSD Guide - Installing NetBSD: Preliminary considerations and preparations
質問 # 25
What FreeBSD and NetBSD command manages services started at boot time? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
正解：
解説：
sysrc
Explanation
The sysrc command is used in FreeBSD and NetBSD to manage system-wide daemon and service settings, including those that are started at boot time. It allows administrators to safely edit system rc files, such as /etc/rc.conf, where services to be started at boot time are specified1.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - rc.conf
FreeBSD Man Pages - sysrc
質問 # 26
Which of the following programs can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet?
- A. netstat
- B. route
- C. rtso1
- D. traceroute
- E. nmap
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
Nmap is a program that can be used to enumerate all responsive hosts on a subnet. Nmap stands for Network Mapper, and it is a tool that can perform network discovery, port scanning, service detection, vulnerability assessment, and more. Nmap can send different types of packets to probe the hosts on a subnet and determine which ones are alive and what services they are running. Nmap can also perform OS fingerprinting, which can identify the operating system of the target hosts. Nmap has many options and features that can customize the scan according to the user's needs and preferences. The other programs are not suitable for enumerating all responsive hosts on a subnet, because:
A: traceroute: This program is used to trace the route of packets from the source host to the destination host. It can show the intermediate hops and the latency of each hop. However, it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are on the path to the destination.
B: netstat: This program is used to display the status of network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, and more. It can show the local and remote addresses and ports of the active connections, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are connected to the local host.
D: rtso1: This is not a valid program name, but it may be a typo for rtso, which is a program that can perform TCP SYN scanning. However, this program is not as versatile and powerful as nmap, and it can only scan TCP ports, not UDP or other protocols.
E: route: This program is used to manipulate the routing table, which is used to determine the next hop for a packet based on its destination address. It can show the destination, gateway, interface, and flags of each route, but it cannot show all the hosts on a subnet, only the ones that are reachable via a specific gateway. References: 6: https://nmap.org/book/man.html 7:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&sektion=8 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netstat&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rtso&sektion=1 :
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=route&sektion=8
質問 # 27
Which BSD command lists, adds, or deletes swap devices?
- A. mkswap
- B. diskcontro1
- C. swap
- D. swapinfo
- E. swapct1
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The swapctl command is used to list, add, or delete swap devices on BSD systems. It can also display the total amount of swap space available and used. The swapctl command takes various options to perform different actions, such as -l to list the swap devices, -a to add a swap device, -d to delete a swap device, and -s to show the swapsummary. The other options are not valid BSD commands for managing swap devices. References:
swapctl(8) - OpenBSD manual pages
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 19. The FreeBSD Booting Process
FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 9. Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel
質問 # 28
What directory holds the ports collection on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /usr/local/pkg/
- B. /ports/
- C. /var/db/packages/
- D. /usr/ports/
- E. /tmp/ports/
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
The ports collection on FreeBSD is a package management system that allows users to install third-party software from source or binary packages. The ports collection is stored in the /usr/ports/ directory, which contains subdirectories for different categories of software, such as archivers, databases, editors, etc. Each subdirectory contains one or more ports, which are directories that contain the files needed to build and install the software. The /usr/ports/ directory can be updated with the portsnap command34 Binary packages are pre-compiled versions of the ports that can be installed with the pkg command. Binary packages are downloaded from the FreeBSD package repository,which is hosted at pkg.freebsd.org. The packages are installed in the /usr/local/ directory by default, and the information about the installed packages is stored in the /usr/local/pkg/ directory. The /usr/local/pkg/ directory contains files with the .db extension, which are SQLite databases that store the metadata of the packages. The pkg command can query and manipulate these databases56 References: 3: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/ports/ 4:
https://www.freebsd.org/ports/ 5: https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/pkgng-intro/ 6:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8
質問 # 29
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LPI 702-100認定は、毎日の職務でBSDシステムを扱うIT専門家にとって貴重な資格です。この認定は、候補者がBSDシステムを効果的に操作するための知識とスキルを持っていることを示しており、IT業界でのキャリアの見通しを強化するのに役立ちます。オープンソーステクノロジーに対する需要が高まっているため、LPI 702-100認証は、ITセクターでのキャリアを進歩させたい人にとっては価値のある投資です。
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