無料2024年最新の702-100問題集で100%合格保証には最新の サンプル
準備702-100問題解答無料更新には100%試験合格保証 [2024]
LPI 702-100 Linux Professional Institute BSDインストールおよびソフトウェア管理試験は、BSDオペレーティングシステムを理解し、協力する際のIT専門家のスキルと習熟度を評価する包括的な認定です。 BSD、またはBerkeleyソフトウェアディストリビューションは、サーバー、デスクトップ、組み込みシステム用の安定した安全なコンピューティングプラットフォームを提供するUNIXのようなオペレーティングシステムです。
質問 # 31
Which option of the crontab command opens the current user's crontab in an editor?
- A. -i
- B. -w
- C. -e
- D. -vi
- E. -rw
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The -e option of the crontab command opens the current user's crontab in an editor. The editor used is determined by the environment variables VISUAL or EDITOR. If neither of these variables is set, the default editor is vi. The user can edit the crontab file to add, modify, or delete cron jobs, which are scheduled commands or scripts that run at a specified time or interval. The crontab file has the following format:
minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week command
Each field can be a number, a range, a list, or an asterisk (*), which means all possible values. The command can be any valid shell command or script. For example, the following crontab entry runs the backup.sh script every day at 2:30 AM:
30 2 * * * /home/user/backup.sh
To save and install the crontab file, the user needs to exit the editor. The crontab command will check the syntax of the file and report any errors. If the file is valid, it will be installed and the cron daemon will execute the cron jobs according to the schedule. References:
crontab(1) - Linux manual page
FreeBSD Handbook: 11.6. Scheduling Tasks
質問 # 32
Which command and option can be used to perform a reverse DNS lookup?
- A. nsupdate -r
- B. rdns -1
- C. host -reverse
- D. dnssec -check
- E. dig -x
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
This command and option can be used to perform a reverse DNS lookup, which is the process of finding the domain name or hostname associated with an IP address. The dig command is a tool that can query DNS servers for various types of records, such as A, MX, NS, PTR, etc. The -x option tells dig to perform a reverse DNS lookup by sending a PTR query to the DNS server. For example, to perform a reverse DNS lookup for the IP address 8.8.8.8, the following command can be used:
dig -x 8.8.8.8
The output of this command will show the PTR record for 8.8.8.8, which is dns.google. This means that the hostname for 8.8.8.8 is dns.google. Reverse DNS lookups are useful for verifying the identity of a host, checking for mail server configuration, or troubleshooting network problems
質問 # 33
Which of the following tar options handle compression'? (Choose TWO correct answers)
- A. -x
- B. -J
- C. -c
- D. -v
- E. -z
正解：B、E
解説：
Explanation
The tar command is used to create or extract compressed archive files on BSD systems. It can handle various compression formats, such as gzip, bzip2, xz, and lzma. The tar command takes different options to specify the compression type, such as -z for gzip, -j for bzip2, -J for xz, and -Z for lzma. The other options are not related to compression, but to other functions of the tar command, such as -x for extracting, -c for creating, and -v for verbose output. References:
[tar(1) - OpenBSD manual pages]
[FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 3. Unix Basics]
[FreeBSD Handbook - Chapter 18. Storage]
質問 # 34
Which of the following excerpts is a valid if condition in the Bourne shell?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The excerpt C is a valid if condition in the Bourne shell because it uses the correct syntax and operators for the test command. The syntax of the if statement in the Bourne shell is:
if test-commands; then consequent-commands; [elif more-test-commands; then more-consequents;] [else alternate-consequents;] fi The test-commands are any commands that return a status of 0 (true) or non-zero (false). The test command is a common way to perform various tests on files, strings, and numbers. The test command has the following format:
test expression
The expression consists of one or more primaries, which are unary or binary operators that evaluate to true or false. The primaries can be combined with the following operators:
! expression: Logical NOT expression -a expression: Logical AND expression -o expression: Logical OR ( expression ): Parentheses for grouping The excerpt C uses the test command with the following expression:
"$var" = "test"
This expression tests if the value of the variable $var is equal to the string "test". The = operator is a string comparison operator that returns true if the strings are equal. The double quotes around the variable and the string are used to prevent word splitting and globbing by the shell. The spaces around the operator are also required by the test command.
The excerpt C also uses the correct syntax for the then and fi keywords, which mark the beginning and the end of the if statement. The then keyword must be on the same line as the test command, or on a new line after a semicolon. The fi keyword must be on a new line.
The other excerpts are invalid for various reasons:
The excerpt A uses the && operator instead of the -a operator for logical AND. The && operator is a shell operator that executes the second command only if the first command succeeds. The test command does not recognize the && operator as a valid argument. The excerpt A also uses the != operator instead of the -ne operator for numeric comparison. The != operator is a string comparison operator that returns true if the strings are not equal. The -ne operator is a numeric comparison operator that returns true if the numbers are not equal.
The excerpt B uses the [ [ construct instead of the test command. The [ [ construct is a shell keyword that performs conditional expressions similar to the test command, but with some extensions and differences. The [ [ construct is not part of the POSIX standard and is not supported by all shells. The Bourne shell does not support the [ [ construct, and will treat it as a command name. The excerpt B also uses the wrong syntax for the then keyword, which must be on a new line or after a semicolon.
The excerpt D uses the wrong syntax for the test command, which requires a space after the opening bracket and before the closing bracket. The excerpt D also uses the wrong syntax for the fi keyword, which must be on a new line.
質問 # 35
Which of the following chmod commands changes the permission of the file text. txt to 750?
- A. chmod user:rw, group:r, other:x
- B. chmod -u rw -g rx -o - text.txt
- C. chmod text.txt 750
- D. chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o= text.txt
- E. chmod text.txt=u:rw,g:r,o:r
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Permissions involve read, write, and execute roles that can be assigned to the owner, a group, or other users1.To use the chmod command, you must specify the permission you want to set and the file or directory you want to modify1.For example,chmod +rwx filenameto add permissions,chmod -rwx directorynameto remove permissions, orchmod +x filenameto allow executable permissions2.
There are two ways to specify the permissions with the chmod command: symbolic notation and numeric notation1.Symbolic notation uses letters and symbols to represent the user classes and the permissions1.Numeric notation uses octal numbers (0-7) to represent the permissions for each user class1.Each octal digit corresponds to a combination of read , write (w), and execute (x) permissions, as shown in the table below3:
Octal digit
Binary representation
Permissions
0
000
-
1
001
-x
2
010
-w-
3
011
-wx
4
100
r-
5
101
r-x
6
110
rw-
7
111
rwx
To use numeric notation, you need to provide three octal digits, one for each user class (owner, group, and others)1.For example,chmod 644 filenamemeans that the owner has read and write permissions (6), the group has read permissions (4), and others have read permissions (4)1.
In this question, the desired permission for the file text.txt is 750, which means that the owner has read, write, and execute permissions (7), the group has read and execute permissions (5), and others have no permissions (0)1. Therefore, the correct chmod command to change the permission of the file text.txt to 750 ischmod text.txt 750.
References:1: Chmod Command in Linux (File Permissions) | Linuxize2: How to change directory permissions in Linux | Pluralsight3: How to Use the chmod Command on Linux - How-To Geek
質問 # 36
Which directories contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. /usr/rc.d/
- B. /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
- C. /var/boot/rc.d/
- D. /etc/red/
- E. /boot/red/
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
The directories that contain start scripts for services on FreeBSD are /usr/rc.d/ and /usr/local/etc/rc.d/. The
/usr/rc.d/ directory contains the system-provided scripts for the base system services, such as cron, sshd, syslogd, etc. The /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ directory contains the scripts for the additional services installed from ports or packages, such as apache, mysql, nginx, etc. These scripts follow the BSD rc.d framework, which allows for fine-grained control and customization of the startup process. The scripts are invoked by the main
/etc/rc script, which sources the /etc/rc.conf file for configuration options
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/rc-scripting/
質問 # 37
Which FreeBSD command updates packages to newer versions'?
- A. pkg update
- B. pkg audit
- C. pkg pull
- D. pkg refresh
- E. pkg upgrade
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The command pkg upgrade is used to update FreeBSD packages to newer versions. It compares the versions of installed packages with those in the repositories and performs upgrades as necessary. The pkg update command is used to update the repository catalog, but it does not perform the actual package upgrades1.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - Packages and Ports
質問 # 38
What file contains the configuration for the network interface em0on an OpenBSD system'? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)
正解：
解説：
/etc/hostname.em0
Explanation
The file /etc/hostname.em0 contains the configuration for the network interface em0 on an OpenBSD system.
This file specifies the IP address, netmask, gateway, and other options for the interface. The file is read by the netstart script during boot or when the interface is restarted. The file name is derived from the interface name, which is usually based on the driver name and the device number. For example, em0 is the first interface using the em driver, which supports Intel PRO/1000 network adapters.
References:
Networking | OpenBSD Handbook
[hostname.if(5) - OpenBSD manual pages]
質問 # 39
What is the purpose of the file /boot/loader. conf on OpenBSD?
- A. Specify kernel configuration options.
- B. Specify which system services to start.
- C. Specify where to install the bootloader.
- D. Specify the kernel image to load.
- E. Specify options for starting operating systems other than BSD.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The file /boot/loader.conf on OpenBSD is used to specify the kernel image that the bootloader should load.
This file contains various settings that can be used to control the boot process, including kernel parameters and device driver options.
References:
boot(8) - OpenBSD manual pages
質問 # 40
Which of the following lines in /etc/fstab mounts the device /dev/cd0a to /cdrom?
- A. cd9660@/dev/cd0a:/cdrom cd9660 ro 0 0
- B. cd9660:/dev/cd0a /cdrom ro 0 0
- C. /cdrom /dev/cdOa cd9660 ro 0 0
- D. /dev/cdOa /cdrom type=cd9660, mode=ro,uid=0,gid=0
- E. /dev/cd0a /cdrom cd9660 ro 0 0
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The /etc/fstab file contains information about the file systems that are mounted automatically at boot time or by the mount command. The file has six fields separated by whitespace: device, mount point, file system type, mount options, dump frequency, and pass number. The correct answer is D because it specifies the device (/dev/cd0a), the mount point (/cdrom), the file system type (cd9660), the mount option (ro for read-only), and the dump frequency and pass number (both 0 for no backup or fsck). The other answers are incorrect because they either have the wrong syntax, the wrong order of fields, or the wrong file system type. References:
BSD Specialist Exam 702 Objectives, Topic 715: Basic Unix Skills, 715.2 File and Directory Management FreeBSD Handbook, Chapter 3: FreeBSD Basics, 3.8.2 Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
質問 # 41
Which command can be used to display the local filesystems that are currently mounted'?
- A. cat /etc/fstab
- B. rpcinfo
- C. df -h C du -s
- D. mount -a
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The command df -h displays the disk space usage of all mounted filesystems in a human-readable format. It shows the size, used, available, and percentage of each filesystem, as well as the mount point. This command can be used to check the local filesystems that are currently mounted.
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/24182/how-to-get-the-complete-and-exact-list-of-mounted-filesystems
https://www.tecmint.com/find-mounted-file-systems-in-linux/
https://itslinuxfoss.com/check-filesystem-mounted-linux/
質問 # 42
While in the csh or tcsh shell, which command changes the timezone environment variable to GMT?
- A. TZ=GMT; export TZ
- B. environ TZ GMT
- C. env TZ=GMT
- D. setenv TZ GMT
- E. export TZ=GMT
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The setenv command is used to set an environment variable in the csh or tcsh shell. The syntax is setenv VAR VALUE, where VAR is the name of the variable and VALUE is the value to assign to it. The TZ variable is used to specify the timezone for the shell and its subprocesses. To set the timezone to GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), the command is setenv TZ GMT. This will affect the output of commands like date and ls that display time information. The other options are either invalid syntax or belong to other shells, such as bash or sh.
References:
setenv - Linux setenv command help and examples1
TZ - FreeBSD Environment Variables2
質問 # 43
Which of the following commands installs binary packages on OpenBSD?
- A. port add
- B. portinst
- C. pkgbin
- D. pkg install
- E. pkg_add
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The command pkg_add is used to install binary packages on OpenBSD systems. It is a utility for installing and upgrading software packages from binary files. When using pkg_add, the system will fetch and install the specified package, along with any dependencies it may have123.
References:
OpenBSD manual pages - packages(7)
nixCraft - OpenBSD install or add binary software package using pkg_add
質問 # 44
Which command locks the user account bob on a FreeBSD system?
- A. usermod lock bob
- B. pw lock bob
- C. vipw lock bob
- D. lockuser bob
- E. audit_user -1 bob
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The pw utility is a command-line utility for the FreeBSD system user and group files, allowing the superuser an easy way of adding, modifying and removing users and groups. To lock a user account on a FreeBSD system, the pw lock command can be used with the username as an argument. This will prevent the user from logging in orchanging their password. To unlock a user account, the pw unlock command can be used with the username as an argument. This will restore the user's access to the system. References:
FreeBSD locking an account - nixCraft
FreeBSD: How To Add, Delete Or Modify Users
How to: FreeBSD User Administration - Atlantic.Net
質問 # 45
How many /28 IPv4 subnets can be created within a /24 IPv4 prefix?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
A /24 IPv4 prefix provides 256 IP addresses, which is the number of addresses in one octet (2^8). A /28 subnet has 16 IP addresses (2^4). To calculate how many /28 subnets can fit into a /24 prefix, divide the total number of addresses in the /24 prefix by the number of addresses in a /28 subnet: 256 / 16 = 16. However, since each subnet has network and broadcast addresses that cannot be used for hosts, the actual number of usable subnets is less. In practice, you can create 16 subnets, each with 14 usable IP addresses for hosts.
References:
Subnet Cheat Sheet
IP Subnet Calculator
質問 # 46
Which command shows the current user's group memberships?
- A. who
- B. ident
- C. group
- D. showuser
- E. groups
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The groups command is used to show the current user's group memberships on BSD systems. The command prints the names of the primary and secondary groups that the user belongs to, separated by spaces. The primary group is the one that is assigned to new files and directories created by the user. The secondary groups are the ones that grant additional permissions or access to the user. For example, the output of groups for a user named alice might look like this:
alice wheel staff
This means that alice's primary group is alice, and her secondary groups are wheel and staff. The wheel group is typically used for granting administrative privileges, such as using the su or sudo commands. The staff group might be used for granting access to certain resources or directories that are shared by a group of users.
The other options are either invalid commands or do not show the user's group memberships. For example, group is not a valid command, ident is used to query an ident protocol server, showuser is not a valid command, and who is used to show who is logged on the system.
References:
groups - FreeBSD groups(1) Manual Page1
Group Management - FreeBSD Handbook2
質問 # 47
Given the following listing
-rw-r-r- 1root whee115254 Nov 13 08:55 bobsfile
How can the superuser grant the user bob write permission to this file?
- A. chperm 664 bobsfile
- B. chgrp bob bobsfile
- C. chown bob:bob bobsfile
- D. vipw -u bob bobsfile
- E. chmod +x bobsfile
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The command chown changes the ownership of a file or directory. The syntax is chown user:group file, where user is the new owner and group is the new group of the file. In this case, the superuser can grant the user bob write permission to the file by changing both the owner and the group of the file to bob. This way, bob will have the same permissions as the original owner, which is read and write. Alternatively, the superuser can also use the command chmod to change the permissions of the file without changing the ownership. For example, chmod g+w bobsfile will add write permission to the group, and chmod o+w bobsfile will add write permission to others. However, these commands will also affect other users who belong to the same group or are not the owner or the group of the file. References:
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Ownership
FreeBSD Handbook: File and Directory Permissions
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist: 702.1 Filesystem and Devices
質問 # 48
Which of the following commands have to be used in order to update FreeBSD? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A. freebsd-update fetch
- B. freebsd-update repoupdate
- C. freebsd-update resolvedeps
- D. freebsd-update install
- E. freebsd-update all
正解：A、D
解説：
Explanation
To update FreeBSD, the freebsd-update fetch command is used to download available binary updates, and the freebsd-update install command is used to apply the downloaded updates to the system. These commands are part of the freebsd-update utility, which supports binary security and errata updates to the FreeBSD base system without the need for manual compilation and installation2.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook - freebsd-update
質問 # 49
What is the purpose of the nice command'?
- A. Run a command with additional secondary groups.
- B. Run a command with additional filesystem permissions
- C. Run a command with a non-standard priority.
- D. Run a command with the permissions of another user
- E. Run a command with limited access to a specified directory
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The nice command is used to run a command with a modified scheduling priority, which affects how much CPU time the command receives. The priority can be specified by the -n option, which takes an integer value between -20 and 19, where lower values indicate higher priority. By default, the nice value is incremented by
10, which means the command runs with lower priority than normal. Only the superuser can specify a negative increment, which means the command runs with higher priority than normal. For example, the command nice
-n 5 date runs the date command with a priority of 5, while the command nice -n -10 ls runs the ls command with a priority of -10, but only if the user is the superuser. The nice command is useful for running CPU-intensive commands that do not need to finish quickly, or for running commands that need more CPU time than normal. References:
nice - FreeBSD, the manual page for the nice command on FreeBSD.
HowTo: Use ps, kill, nice, and killall To Manage processes in FreeBSD and OS X Unix Operating System - nixCraft, a tutorial on how to use the nice command and other process management commands on FreeBSD and OS X.
質問 # 50
Which file defines the IP address of the default gateway on a FreeBSD system?
- A. /etc/network
- B. /etc/red
- C. /etc/resolvers
- D. /etc/rc.conf
- E. /etc/gateway
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The file that defines the IP address of the default gateway on a FreeBSD system is /etc/rc.conf. This file contains various system configuration options, including network settings. To set the default gateway, the defaultrouter variable is used, followed by the IP address of the gateway. For example, defaultrouter="192.168.1.254". This setting will be persistent across reboots.
References
FreeBSD Set a Default Route / Gateway - nixCraft
Chapter 34. Advanced Networking | FreeBSD Documentation Portal
Static default gateway on FreeBSD 8.0 - Super User
質問 # 51
Which command sends the contents of the file myconfigfile by email to me@mycompany. com?
- A. cat myconfigfile I mail [email protected]
- B. mail [email protected] I cat myconfigfile
- C. cat myconfigfile > [email protected]
- D. mail myconfigfile -r [email protected]
- E. mail [email protected] > cat myconfigfile
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The cat command is used to concatenate and display files. The mail command is used to send and receive mail messages. The pipe symbol (I) is used to redirect the output of one command to the input of another command.
Therefore, the command cat myconfigfile I mail [email protected] sends the contents of the file myconfigfile by email to [email protected]. The cat command reads the file and displays its contents to the standard output, which is then piped to the mail command, which reads the standard input and sends it as a mail message to the specified address. The mail command also prompts the user to enter a subject line and optionally some additional headers for the message. Alternatively, the subject line can be specified by the -s option of the mail command. For example, the command cat myconfigfile I mail -s "My config file" [email protected] sends the same message with the subject "My config file". References:
[cat - FreeBSD], the manual page for the cat command on FreeBSD.
[mail - FreeBSD], the manual page for the mail command on FreeBSD.
[How to send email from the Linux command line - LinuxConfig.org], a tutorial on how to use the mail command and other email clients on Linux.
質問 # 52
Which FreeBSD command created the following output?
Id Refs Address Size Name
1 17 0xc0400000 2fad00 kernel
2 1 0xc0740000 595a4 acpi.ko
3 1 0xc49be000 6000 linprocfs.ko
4 1 0xc4al7000 16000 linux.ko
- A. modstat
- B. lsmod
- C. cat 1Km.conf
- D. procstat
- E. kldstat
正解：E
解説：
Explanation
The command that generates the output showing kernel module IDs, reference counts, addresses, sizes, and names iskldstatin FreeBSD. This command is used to display thestatus of loaded kernel modules, including those loaded dynamically. The output format shown in the question is characteristic ofkldstat, where it lists the kernel modules currently loaded into the system's memory along with their respective details.
References:
FreeBSD Handbook or Manual Pages (man pages), specifically the section on kernel modules and the kldstatcommand.
Linux Professional Institute BSD Specialist resources, which cover FreeBSD commands and utilities, including those for managing kernel modules.
質問 # 53
Which command sends the contents of the file myconfigfile by email to me@mycompany. com?
- A. cat myconfigfile I mail [email protected]
- B. mail [email protected] I cat myconfigfile
- C. cat myconfigfile > [email protected]
- D. mail myconfigfile -r [email protected]
- E. mail [email protected] > cat myconfigfile
正解：A
質問 # 54
Which line in a cron job runs myscript once per hour?
- A. * 0 * * * /pathto/myscript
- B. * * * o * /pathto/myscript
- C. * * o * * /pathto/myscript
- D. 0 * * * * /pathto/myscript
- E. ***** /pathto/myscript
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The cron job syntax consists of five fields that specify the time and date of execution, followed by the command or script to run. The fields are: minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. Each field can have a specific value, a range, a list, a wildcard (), or a step value. The wildcard () means any possible value for that field. The option B sets the minute field to 0 and the hour field to *, which means the script will run at the 0th minute of every hour, regardless of the day, month, or weekday. This is equivalent to once per hour.
The other options are either invalid syntax or do not match the desired frequency. For example, option A sets all fields to *, which means the script will run every minute of every hour of every day, month, and weekday.
Option C sets the minute field to * and the hour field to 0, which means the script will run every minute of the
0th hour, or once per day at midnight. Option D has a typo (o instead of *) and option E sets the day of month field to o, which is not a valid value. References:
crontab - FreeBSD crontab(5) Manual Page1
Crontab Explained in Linux [With Examples] - Linux Handbook2
質問 # 55
Which of the following commands is used to set the FreeBSD security level?
- A. secleve1
- B. slct1
- C. setleve1
- D. sysct1
- E. security
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The sysctl command is used to set and get kernel state variables, including the FreeBSD security level. The security level is a variable named kern.securelevel, which can have values from -1 to 3, with higher values indicating more restrictions. The security level can only be increased, not decreased, unless the system is rebooted or in single-user mode. The security level affects various operations, such as loading kernel modules, changing immutable flags on files, and modifying device nodes12 References: 1:
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/security/#security-basics-securelevels 2:
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&sektion=8
質問 # 56
......
Linux Professional Institute（LPI）は、ITプロフェッショナルにベンダーに依存しない認証試験を提供する非営利組織です。 LPI 702-100試験は、BSDインストールおよびソフトウェア管理認定トラックの一部です。この認定トラックは、特にインストールとソフトウェア管理の分野で、BSDオペレーティングシステムを扱うITプロフェッショナルのスキルと知識を検証するように設計されています。
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