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Fortinet FCP_WCS_AD-7.4 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 10
A customer has deployed FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF).
Which two statements are correct about policy sets? (Choose two.)
- A. There is an implicit deny rule at the bottom of the policy set.
- B. The policy set must be manually synchronized to the CNF instance each time it is modified.
- C. Multiple policy sets can be applied to a single CNF instance.
- D. A new policy set is created with each deployed CNF instance.
正解：A、D
解説：
Implicit Deny Rule:
Similar to traditional firewall rule sets, FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) includes an implicit deny rule at the bottom of each policy set. This means any traffic that does not match an existing rule in the policy set is automatically denied (Option A).
Policy Set Creation:
When a new CNF instance is deployed, a new policy set is created specifically for that instance. This ensures that each CNF instance can have a tailored set of security policies based on the specific needs of the deployment (Option C).
Other Options Analysis:
Option B is incorrect because policy sets do not require manual synchronization; they are applied automatically once configured.
Option D is incorrect as a single CNF instance operates with a single policy set at a time.
Reference:
FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF
Firewall Policy Best Practices: Fortinet Policies
質問 # 11
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two statements are true about inbound traffic based on the IGW ingress route table and GWLB deployment shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
- A. GWLB forwards traffic to FortiGate without encapsulation in its dedicated subnet.
- B. Inbound traffic is directed to the application subnet through a GWLB endpoint.
- C. GWLB encapsulates traffic with the GENEVE protocol and sends it to FortiGate.
- D. Inbound traffic is directed to the GWLB through a GWLB endpoint.
正解：C、D
解説：
Traffic Direction through GWLB Endpoint:
The ingress route table directs inbound traffic to the GWLB through a GWLB endpoint (GWLBe). This endpoint is responsible for directing traffic to the Gateway Load Balancer for further processing (Option B).
GENEVE Encapsulation:
The GWLB encapsulates the inbound traffic using the GENEVE protocol. This encapsulated traffic is then sent to FortiGate instances for security inspection. The use of GENEVE ensures that the original traffic context is preserved and can be analyzed by FortiGate (Option D).
Other Options Analysis:
Option A is incorrect because GWLB does not forward traffic without encapsulation in its dedicated subnet.
Option C is incorrect as the inbound traffic is directed to the GWLB endpoint first, not directly to the application subnet.
Reference:
AWS Gateway Load Balancer Documentation: AWS GWLB
GENEVE Protocol Overview: GENEVE Protocol
質問 # 12
Refer to the exhibit.
What occurs during a failover for an active-passive (A-P) cluster that is deployed in two different availability zones? (Choose two.)
- A. An additional route is added to the route table of the HA Sync AZ2 subnet to forward all traffic to the Internet GW.
- B. The default static route in the Private-AZ1 subnet route table is modified to forward all traffic to Port2 of FGT2.
- C. The secondary IP address of Port2 of FGT-1 is moved to Port2 of FGT-2.
- D. The cluster elastic IP address (EIP) is moved from Port1 of FGT-1 to Port1 of FGT-2.
正解：C、D
解説：
Cluster Elastic IP Address (EIP) Movement:
During a failover in an active-passive (A-P) cluster, the Elastic IP (EIP) associated with the active FortiGate instance (FGT-1) needs to be moved to the passive instance (FGT-2), which becomes the new active instance. This ensures that the traffic directed to the EIP is now handled by FGT-2 (Option A).
Secondary IP Address Movement:
The secondary IP address on Port2 of the current active instance (FGT-1) is moved to the same port on the new active instance (FGT-2). This step is crucial to ensure seamless network traffic redirection and connectivity for the services relying on that IP address (Option B).
Other Options Analysis:
Option C is incorrect because the static route modification mentioned is not directly related to the failover process described.
Option D is incorrect because no additional route needs to be added to the HA Sync AZ2 subnet route table to forward traffic to the Internet Gateway during a failover.
Reference:
FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA
AWS Elastic IP Documentation: Elastic IP
質問 # 13
An administrator wants to deploy a solution to automatically create firewall rules on FortiGate to accelerate time-to-protection for threats.
Which AWS service can be integrated with FortiGate to accomplish this?
- A. SDN Connector for AWS
- B. AWS Firewall Manager
- C. AWS GuardDuty
- D. AWS network access control list
正解：C
解説：
AWS GuardDuty Integration:
AWS GuardDuty is a threat detection service that continuously monitors for malicious activity and unauthorized behavior to protect AWS accounts and workloads. It can generate findings that can be used to create or update firewall rules automatically in FortiGate to enhance security and provide timely protection (Option D).
Integration with FortiGate:
GuardDuty findings can be integrated with FortiGate using automation tools and scripts to create firewall rules dynamically, thereby accelerating the time-to-protection against emerging threats.
Other Options Analysis:
Option A (AWS Firewall Manager) is more suited for managing rules across multiple accounts but not for dynamic threat response.
Option B (AWS Network ACL) provides stateless filtering but does not offer automated rule creation.
Option C (SDN Connector for AWS) helps in integrating SDN capabilities but is not specifically focused on threat-based rule automation.
Reference:
AWS GuardDuty: AWS GuardDuty
FortiGate Integration: Fortinet Integration
質問 # 14
An administrator has been asked to deploy an active-passive (A-P) FortiGate cluster in the AWS cloud across two availability zones.
In addition to enhanced redundancy, which other major difference is there compared to deploying A-P high availability in the same availability zone?
- A. The FortiGate devices act as a single, logical instance.
- B. The number of subnets required is less.
- C. IP addressing and subnetting are not shared.
- D. Secondary IP address configuration is used.
正解：C
解説：
Enhanced Redundancy:
Deploying an active-passive (A-P) FortiGate cluster across two availability zones (AZs) provides enhanced redundancy by ensuring that if one AZ fails, the other can take over, maintaining high availability and uptime.
IP Addressing and Subnetting:
One of the major differences when deploying across different AZs compared to the same AZ is that IP addressing and subnetting are not shared between the instances. Each AZ operates independently with its own set of subnets and IP addresses, which must be managed separately (Option D).
Other Options Analysis:
Option A is incorrect because the FortiGate devices in an A-P setup do not act as a single logical instance; they operate in a failover setup.
Option B is incorrect because secondary IP address configuration is used in both single AZ and multi-AZ deployments.
Option C is incorrect because the number of subnets required is typically more when deploying across multiple AZs for redundancy.
Reference:
FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA
AWS Availability Zones: AWS AZ
質問 # 15
A customer is attempting to deploy an active-passive high availability (HA) cluster using the software-defined network (SDN) connector in the AWS cloud.
What is an important consideration to ensure a successful formation of HA, failover, and traffic flow?
- A. Both cluster members must be in the same availability zone.
- B. Unicast FortiGate Clustering Protocol (FGCP) must be used.
- C. VDOM exceptions must be configured.
- D. Both cluster members must show as healthy in the elastic load balancer (ELB) configuration.
正解：B
解説：
HA Cluster in AWS Cloud:
Deploying an active-passive HA cluster in AWS requires careful consideration of the clustering protocol used to ensure seamless failover and traffic flow.
Unicast FortiGate Clustering Protocol (FGCP):
Unicast FGCP is specifically designed for environments where multicast traffic is not feasible or supported, such as in the AWS cloud. Using unicast FGCP ensures that heartbeat and synchronization traffic between the cluster members are managed correctly over unicast communication, which is suitable for AWS's network infrastructure (Option C).
Comparison with Other Options:
Option A is incorrect because while placing both cluster members in the same availability zone might be required for certain configurations, it is not the critical factor for HA formation.
Option B is incorrect as VDOM exceptions are not directly related to the successful formation of HA.
Option D is incorrect because the ELB configuration checks are more about ensuring that the load balancer correctly routes traffic but do not specifically ensure HA formation and failover.
Reference:
FortiGate HA in AWS Documentation: FortiGate HA
Fortinet FGCP Details: FGCP Documentation
質問 # 16
Refer to the exhibit.
An organization deployed the application servers in the AWS VPC that connects to the corporate data center using Transit Gateway Connect. Demand for the applications has grown and the connection requires more bandwidth.
What is required to achieve higher bandwidth?
- A. You add a Transit VPC between the organization's VPCs.
- B. No configuration change is required because GRE tunnels are scaled to provide higher bandwidth.
- C. You cannot increase bandwidth the connection has a fixed limit.
- D. Use routable public IP addresses instead of private IP addresses for connectivity.
正解：B
解説：
Understanding Transit Gateway Connect:
Transit Gateway Connect is a feature of AWS Transit Gateway that simplifies the integration of SD-WAN networks with AWS. It uses Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnels to facilitate this connection.
GRE Tunnels and Bandwidth:
GRE tunnels can dynamically scale to meet increasing bandwidth demands. They allow multiple tunnels between the same endpoints, which can aggregate bandwidth without requiring additional configuration.
Scaling Bandwidth with GRE:
The GRE protocol used by Transit Gateway Connect can support high bandwidth requirements by spreading traffic across multiple tunnels. As demand grows, additional tunnels can be automatically used to handle the increased traffic load.
Comparison with Other Options:
Option A suggests using public IP addresses, which is not relevant to bandwidth scaling.
Option B is incorrect because bandwidth can be increased through GRE scaling.
Option D suggests adding a Transit VPC, which is unnecessary for increasing bandwidth when using Transit Gateway Connect.
Reference:
AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway
GRE Tunnels and AWS: AWS GRE Tunnels
質問 # 17
Your customers have been reporting slow response times when accessing your web application.
What are two possible ways to increase response times from web servers protected by FortiWeb Cloud? (Choose two.) Your customers have been reporting slow response times when accessing your web application.
What are two possible ways to increase response times from web servers protected by FortiWeb Cloud? (Choose two.)
- A. Modify DNS entries to directly point to your web server.
- B. Enable a content delivery network
- C. Deploy FortiWeb Cloud in the same region where your web application is being hosted.
- D. Disable WAF functionality.
正解：B、C
解説：
Same Region Deployment:
Deploying FortiWeb Cloud in the same AWS region as your web application minimizes latency and ensures faster response times by reducing the distance data needs to travel (Option A).
Content Delivery Network (CDN):
Enabling a CDN can significantly improve response times by caching content closer to the end-users, reducing the load on the origin server, and speeding up content delivery (Option B).
Other Options Analysis:
Option C is incorrect because modifying DNS entries to directly point to your web server bypasses the WAF protection, which is not advisable for security reasons.
Option D is incorrect because disabling WAF functionality would expose your web application to vulnerabilities and threats, compromising security.
Reference:
AWS Regions and Availability Zones: AWS Regions
Content Delivery Network Overview: AWS CloudFront
質問 # 18
You want to deploy the Fortinet HA CloudFormation template to stage and bootstrap the FortiGate configuration in the same region in which you created your VPC, which is Ohio US-East-2.
Based on this information, which statement is correct?
- A. You create a DynamoDB to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. It needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
- B. You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket can be hosted in any region.
- C. The Fortinet HA cloud formation template automatically creates an S3 bucket.
- D. You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
正解：D
解説：
Understanding Fortinet HA CloudFormation Template:
The Fortinet High Availability (HA) CloudFormation template is used to automate the deployment and configuration of FortiGate instances in AWS.
Staging and Bootstrapping FortiGate:
Staging involves preparing the necessary configuration files and resources needed for deployment.
Bootstrapping is the process of automatically configuring FortiGate instances upon deployment.
S3 Bucket Requirement:
The configuration files required for staging and bootstrapping are typically stored in an S3 bucket.
Since the deployment is in the Ohio (US-East-2) region, it is recommended to host the S3 bucket in the same region to minimize latency and ensure regional compliance.
Comparison with Other Options:
Option A is incorrect because while an S3 bucket is required, it should be in the same region (US-East-2).
Option B is incorrect as the template does not automatically create the S3 bucket.
Option D is incorrect as DynamoDB is not used for staging and bootstrapping in this scenario.
Reference:
Fortinet Documentation: FortiGate on AWS
AWS S3 Documentation: AWS S3
質問 # 19
Refer to the exhibit.
An administrator configured a FortiGate device to connect to the AWS API to retrieve resource values from the AWS console to create dynamic objects for the FortiGate policies. The administrator is unable to retrieve AWS dynamic objects on FortiGate.
Which two reasons can explain why? (Choose two.)
- A. AWS was not able to validate credentials provided by the AWS Lab SDN connector because of a clock skew between FortiGate and AWS.
- B. The AWS API call is not supported on XML version 1.0.
- C. The AWS Lab SDN connector is configured with an invalid AWS access or secret key.
- D. The AWS Lab SDN did not find any instances in the configured VPC.
- E. The AWS Lab SDN connector failed to connect on port 401.
正解：A、C
解説：
Invalid Credentials:
The debug output shows an "AuthFailure" error, indicating that AWS was not able to validate the provided access credentials. This usually points to incorrect or invalid AWS access or secret keys configured in the AWS Lab SDN connector (Option C).
Clock Skew:
Another common reason for authentication failures in AWS API calls is a clock skew between the FortiGate device and AWS. AWS requires that the system time of the client making the API call is synchronized with its own time, within a small margin. If there is a significant time difference, AWS will reject the credentials (Option B).
Other Options Analysis:
Option A is incorrect because the AWS API supports XML version 1.0.
Option D is incorrect as the error message does not indicate an issue with connecting on port 401.
Option E is incorrect because the error is related to authentication, not the absence of instances.
Reference:
AWS API Authentication: AWS API Security
FortiGate AWS Integration Guide: FortiGate AWS Integration
質問 # 20
An organization has the requirement to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure of a branch office in a hybrid cloud environment. The connectivity needs the higher bandwidth but the organization does not want to use multiple connections between sites.
Which AWS solution meets the requirement?
- A. Internet Gateway
- B. Transit Gateway Connect
- C. Transit VPC with IPSec
- D. Transit Gateway multicast
正解：B
解説：
Understanding the Requirement:
The organization needs to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure with high bandwidth.
The solution should avoid multiple connections between sites.
Transit Gateway Connect:
Transit Gateway Connect is designed to integrate with SD-WAN networks and provides scalable bandwidth using GRE tunnels.
It simplifies hybrid cloud connectivity by allowing high bandwidth connections without the need for multiple physical connections.
Benefits of Transit Gateway Connect:
Supports scalable bandwidth through GRE tunnels.
Facilitates seamless integration with on-premises and cloud environments.
Reduces complexity by avoiding the need for multiple VPN connections.
Comparison with Other Options:
Option A (Transit VPC with IPSec) is not preferred due to complexity and potential limitations in bandwidth scalability.
Option B (Internet Gateway) is not suitable for private, high-bandwidth connections.
Option C (Transit Gateway multicast) does not address the requirement for high bandwidth in a hybrid cloud setup.
Reference:
AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway Connect
Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: AWS Hybrid Cloud
質問 # 21
Which two statements about the FortiCloud portal are true? (Choose two.)
- A. You can access the FortiFlex portal only after you purchase a FortiFlex license and register it on FortiCare.
- B. To assign permissions in the identity and access management (JAM) portal, you must write a JSON script.
- C. You can gain remote access to your FortiGate VM directly from the portal.
- D. You can access only cloud services that you have subscribed to on AWS marketplace.
正解：A、C
解説：
Remote Access to FortiGate VM:
The FortiCloud portal allows users to remotely access their FortiGate VM instances. This is particularly useful for managing and configuring instances without needing direct network access (Option A).
FortiFlex Portal Access:
The FortiFlex portal is a feature that becomes available only after purchasing a FortiFlex license and registering it on FortiCare. This portal provides additional functionalities and services related to FortiFlex (Option C).
IAM Permissions:
Option B is incorrect because the Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions in the FortiCloud portal do not require writing JSON scripts; they can be managed through the portal interface.
Subscription to Cloud Services:
Option D is incorrect because FortiCloud provides access to services beyond those subscribed through the AWS marketplace, including services directly offered by Fortinet.
Reference:
FortiCloud Documentation: FortiCloud
FortiFlex Portal: FortiFlex Licensing
質問 # 22
Your organization is deciding between deploying an active-active (A-A) or active-passive (A-P) FortiGate high availability (HA) cluster in AWS cloud.
Which two statements are true about A-A clusters compared to A-P clusters? (Choose two.)
- A. A-A clusters rely on API calls for sfailovers.
- B. A-A clusters can use a software-defined network (SDN) to perform a failover.
- C. A-A clusters always require a load balancer.
- D. For A-A clusters, FortiGate must perform SNAT inbound to ensure symmetric traffic flow.
正解：C、D
質問 # 23
Which three statements correctly describe FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF)? (Choose three.)
- A. It provides carrier-grade protection.
- B. It is considered to be a Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS).
- C. It can be managed by FortiManager and AWS firewall manager.
- D. It scales seamlessly.
- E. It uses AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB).
正解：B、C、D
解説：
Scalability:
FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) is designed to scale seamlessly with your cloud infrastructure, providing the necessary protection without requiring manual intervention for scaling (Option B).
Firewall-as-a-Service:
FortiGate CNF is offered as a Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS), which simplifies the deployment and management of firewall capabilities directly in the cloud environment (Option D).
Management:
FortiGate CNF can be managed using FortiManager and AWS Firewall Manager, providing comprehensive management capabilities both from Fortinet's platform and AWS's native management tools (Option E).
Other Considerations:
Option A (carrier-grade protection) is not specifically highlighted as a feature of FortiGate CNF.
Option C (uses AWS Elastic Load Balancing) is incorrect as FortiGate CNF operates independently of AWS ELB, although it can integrate with various AWS services.
Reference:
FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF
AWS Firewall Manager: AWS Firewall Manager
質問 # 24
An administrator needs to attach an Elastic Network Interface (ENI) to an application instance in a VPC with multiple availability zones. An instance runs in availability zone 1.
Which ENI property must the administrator consider when implementing this requirement?
- A. You can detach the primary ENI from an AWS instance.
- B. An ENI cannot attach to an instance in availability zone 2.
- C. After the ENI detaches from one instance, it can reattach only to the same instance.
- D. When you move an ENI, network traffic remains directed to the old instance until you terminate that instance.
正解：B
解説：
ENI Attachment Across Availability Zones:
Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) are associated with a specific Availability Zone. They cannot be attached to instances that are in a different Availability Zone than where the ENI was created. Therefore, an ENI created in Availability Zone 1 cannot be attached to an instance in Availability Zone 2 (Option A).
ENI Reattachment:
ENIs can be detached from one instance and reattached to another instance within the same Availability Zone. This flexibility allows for network interface configuration to be preserved across instance changes within the same AZ.
Other Options Analysis:
Option B is incorrect because an ENI can be reattached to any instance in the same AZ.
Option C is incorrect as the primary ENI (eth0) cannot be detached from an instance.
Option D is incorrect because when an ENI is moved, the traffic is directed to the new instance, and there is no redirection to the old instance.
Reference:
AWS ENI Documentation: Elastic Network Interfaces
AWS Networking Best Practices: AWS Networking
質問 # 25
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