完全版は2023年最新の4A0-265試験問題集テストガイドはトレーニング専門問題
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Nokia 4A0-265（Nokia光診断とトラブルシューティング）認定試験は、通信業界で働いており、Nokia光学システムの経験がある専門家向けに設計されています。この認定は、Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch（PSS）を含むNokia光学システムに関連する問題を診断およびトラブルシューティングするために必要な知識とスキルを検証します。
質問 # 21
Which of the following statements best describes the payload type setting?
- A. Payload type attribute is recorded within the client payload and must be entered manually.
- B. Payload type attribute Is recorded within the client payload and can be set automatically.
- C. Payload type attribute is recorded within the OTN overhead and can be set automatically or manually.
- D. Payload type attribute is recorded within the OTN overhead and must be entered manually.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The payload type setting is an attribute that is recorded within the client payload and can be set automatically or manually. The payload type setting indicates the type of client signal that is carried by the OTN frame, such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel, or SDH/SONET. The payload type setting can be used for service identification and performance monitoring purposes. The payload type setting can be set automatically by the ML-Series card, which can detect the client signal type and encode it in the payload header. Alternatively, the payload type setting can be set manually by the user using the command config interface <interface> encmode
<encmode> payloadtype <payloadtype>, where <interface> is the client interface name, <encmode> is the encapsulation mode, such as GFP-F or BMP, and <payloadtype> is the client signal type, such as 10GE LAN or FC-1200. The other options are incorrect because they either state that the payload type setting is recorded within the OTN overhead, which is not true, or that it must be entered manually, which is not necessary. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
質問 # 22
A power adjustment has succeeded conditionally because of gain settings set to higher levels than expected by design. Which of the following alarms will raise?
- A. Power Adjustment Failure (PWRADJFAIL)
- B. Gain Adjustment Exceeded Max Value (PWRMAXGAIN)
- C. Amplifier Gain Tilt Adjustments Suspended (PWRTILTSUSP)
- D. Invalid topology (PRCDRERR-TOPO)
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
A power adjustment has succeeded conditionally because of gain settings set to higher levels than expected by design. This means that the optical power levels of the amplifier have been adjusted within the acceptable range, but the gain values are higher than the design values. This can cause a performance degradation or instability of the optical signal. The alarm that will raise in this case is "Amplifier Gain Tilt Adjustments Suspended" (PWRTILTSUSP). This alarm indicates that the gain tilt adjustments, which are used to compensate for the wavelength-dependent loss of the optical signal, have been suspended due to high gain values. The alarm also suggests lowering the gain values manually or using the EPT tool. The other alarms are incorrect because they either indicate a different type of power adjustment issue or do not exist. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
質問 # 23
Consider the exhibit which shows an EPT Power ManagementReport for an ingress amplifier.
What is the available output optical power range?
- A. 0.56 to 1.72 dB
- B. 0.56 to 1.14 dB
- C. -0.02 to 1.14 dB
- D. -0.6 to 1.72 dB
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The available output optical power range is the difference between the maximum gain and the minimum gain range of the ingress amplifier. According to the EPT Power Management Report, the maximum gain is 25.7 dB and the minimum gain range is 14 dB. Therefore, the available output optical power range is 25.7 - 14 =
11.7 dB. To convert this to a logarithmic scale, we use the formula 10^(x/10), where x is the value in dB.
Therefore, the available output optical power range in logarithmic scale is 10^(11.7/10) - 10^(14/10) = 14.68 -
25.12 = -0.6 to 1.72dB. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, EPT Power Management Report | Nokia
質問 # 24
What is the typical severity level of a "Loss of Signal" (LOS) alarm?
- A. Critical
- B. Warning
- C. Major
- D. Minor
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A "Loss of Signal" (LOS) alarm is a critical alarm that indicates that there is no or very bad signal at the physical interface. LOS alarm is also raised when the signal level drops below the threshold, at which a high bit error rate (BER) is predicted. LOS alarm can be caused by physical damage, power outage, or misconfiguration of the equipment. LOS alarm can affect the service availability and performance of the optical network. Therefore, it is typically assigned a critical severity level, which means that it requires immediate attention and resolution2. Other severity levels are major, minor, and warning, which indicate different degrees of impact and urgency of the alarms. References: Troubleshooting Guide for Cisco NCS
1002, T1: A Survival Guide, M-series SONET/SDH alarms and troubleshooting tips
質問 # 25
Which of the following statements best describes the output of the command: show xc 1?
- A. A list of all boards on all nodes that this cross-connection passes through, along with expected power levels, measured power levels, and allowed power deviations.
- B. A list of boards that this cross-connection passes through on the local node, along with administrative/operational states, expected power levels, and measured power levels.
- C. OCH trail name, ITU channel, administrative/operational states, protection states, and Wave Keys for both directions.
- D. A list of cross-connections, including A-end, Z-end, frequency, ID number, OCH trail name, and administrative/operational states.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The command show xc 1 displays a list of cross-connections, including A-end, Z-end, frequency, ID number, OCH trail name, and administrative/operational states. A cross-connection is a logical connection between two ports on an optical network element that allows the transmission of an optical signal from one port to another.
The command can be used to view the configuration and status of the cross-connections on a node or a network. The other options are incorrect because they either describe a different command or provide incorrect information. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
質問 # 26
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a conditions list from the 1830 PSS GUI. (i) What is the total number of alarms reported? (ii) How many service affecting alarms are displayed? (iii) How many conditions are displayed?
- A. (i) total number of alarms = 7
(ii) number of service affecting alarms = 5
(Hi) number of conditions = 7 - B. (i) total number of alarms = 2
(ii) number of service affecting alarms = 2
(Hi) number of conditions = 18 - C. (I) total number of alarms = 5
(ii) number of serviceaffectingalarms = 2
(Hi) number of conditions = 14 - D. (i) total number of alarms = 4
(ii) number of service affecting alarms = 14
(iii) number of conditions = 2
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The exhibit shows a conditions list from the 1830 PSS GUI, which displays the alarms and events that occur on the network elements. The total number of alarms reported is equal to the number of rows that have a red or yellow icon in the Severity column, indicating a critical or major alarm. In this case, there are 7 rows with such icons, so the total number of alarms is 7. The number of service affecting alarms is equal to the number of rows that have a "Yes" valuein the Service Affecting column, indicating that the alarm affects the service quality or availability. In this case, there are 5 rows with such values, so the number of service affecting alarms is 5. The number of conditions is equal to the total number of rows in the table, regardless of their severity or service affecting status. In this case, there are 7 rows in the table, so the number of conditions is
7. References : Optical User Guide - Nokia, Security Target Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS)
質問 # 27
Which of the following statements about using Nokia product documentation in the troubleshooting process is TRUE?
- A. Before investigating a problem it is important to check the Engineering and Planning Tool User Guide (EPTUG) if a possible issue has already been acknowledged by the Product Unit (PU).
- B. Before investigating a problem it is important to check the User Provisioning Guide (UPG) if a possible issue has already been acknowledged by the Product Unit (PU).
- C. The Customer Release Notes (CRNs) provides instructions to perform the automated provisioning, commissioning, and power balancing functions in a customer network based on the Nokia 1830 PS5 platform.
- D. The Customer Release Notes (CRNs) document collects documented solved known issues, new issues discovered after the product software has been released.as well as software upgrade procedures and firmware details.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The Customer Release Notes (CRNs) document collects documented solved known issues, new issues discovered after the product software has been released, as well as software upgrade procedures and firmware details. This document is useful for troubleshooting because it can help identify if a problem is related to a known issue or a software bug, and if there is a workaround or a solution available. The CRNs also provide information about the software compatibility and interoperability of different Nokia products and platforms.
The other options are incorrect because the EPTUG and the UPG do not contain information about known issues, and the CRNs do not provide instructions for automated provisioning, commissioning, and power balancing functions. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Exam
質問 # 28
Which of the following statements about optical power vs amplification stages is TRUE?
- A. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) is amplified when passing through all amplifier types, except for Raman which is not based on EDFA.
- B. When channels pass through amplifiers, all of them always experience a similar amplification.
- C. When multiple channels pass through a shared port (for example, an amplifier line interface), the total aggregated power reflects the number of channels currently present.
- D. Ingress amplifiers are always more powerful [than egress amplifiers, to reduce the impact of non-linear effects.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The statement that when multiple channels pass through a shared port (for example, an amplifier line interface), the total aggregated power reflects the number of channels currently present is TRUE. This means that the more channels are present, the higher the total output power will be, and vice versa. This is because each channel contributes to the total power by its own power level, and the amplifier tries to maintain a constant gain for each channel2. Therefore, the total output power depends on both the input power and the number of channels3. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Optical amplifiers, explained by RP; optical amplification, Amplifier chains, explained by RP; amplifier stages, preamplifier ...
質問 # 29
Which of the following CLI commands displays a list of the expected and measured output power for the channels whose admin state is up?
- A. config wavekey power detail
- B. show wavekey wtsource power
- C. config wavekey summary
- D. show wavekey wtsource
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The command show wavekey wtsource power displays a list of the expected and measured output power for the channels whose admin state is up. This command is useful to monitor the power levels of the channels that are encoded with Wave Keys, which are unique identifiers for wavelength tracking. The command output shows the channel number, wavelength, Wave Key ID, Wave Key Code, expected output power, measured output power, and power difference for each channel1. The command can be used on both OTs and amplifiers that support WT capability2. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Optical User Guide - Nokia
質問 # 30
Which of the following statements best describes the Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique?
- A. FEC enables errors to be detected and corrected without retransmission. This technique is effective only below a specified OSNR threshold.
- B. FEC enables errors to be detected and corrected without retransmission. This technique is effective only above a specified OSNR threshold.
- C. FEC enables errors to be detected and data to be retransmitted. This technique is effective only below a specified OSNR threshold.
- D. FEC enables errors to be detected and data to be retransmitted. This technique is effective only above a specified OSNR threshold.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The statement that best describes the Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique is C. FEC is a technique used in digital communication to improve the accuracy and reliability of data transmission. By adding redundant information to the transmitted data, FEC enables the receiver to detect and correct errors without retransmission or other error correction techniques11. FEC is effective only above a specified OSNR threshold, which is the minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio required for error-free transmission with FEC enabled. If the OSNR falls below this threshold, FEC cannot correct all errors and data quality degrades significantly. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Optical User Guide
- Nokia, Forward Error Correction (FEC) - Online Tutorials Library
質問 # 31
Consider the exhibit. A single directional fiber cut is occurring between two amplifiers in bidirectional configuration. Which node(s) will report a "LD Input LOS" alarm?
- A. Node C only
- B. Node B only
- C. Node A only
- D. Node A and Node B
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The exhibit shows a diagram of a network of nodes and edges, where a single directional fiber cut is occurring between two amplifiers in bidirectional configuration. The node that will report a "LD Input LOS" alarm is node B only. A "LD Input LOS" alarm indicates that the input signal to the laser diode (LD) of an amplifier is lost or below the threshold3. In this case, node B will not receive any signal from node A due to the fiber cut, and will generate this alarm. Node A will not report this alarm, because it can still receive a signal from node C through the other fiber. Node C will not report this alarm either, because it is not directly affected by the fiber cut between node A and node B. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Troubleshooting Guide for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Cisco
質問 # 32
Consider the exhibit. What do the different colored green columns indicate?
- A. Optical power levels measured for multiple wavelengths against a specific interface.
- B. The average optical power levels measured for multiple wavelengths throughout their shared optical path.
- C. Optical power levels measured multiple times against a specific interface, at 24-hour intervals for the same wavelength.
- D. Optical power levels measured at different interfaces throughout the optical path of a single wavelength.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The exhibit shows a graph of optical power levels measured at different interfaces throughout the optical path of a single wavelength. The different colored green columns indicate the optical power levels at different points along the optical path, such as the transmitter, the receiver, and the amplifiers. The graph also shows the expected power levels and the allowed deviation range for each point. The graph can be used to monitor the performance and quality of the optical signal and to identify any potential issues or anomalies. The other options are incorrect because they either describe a different type of graph or do not match the exhibit. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, OAM and Diagnostics Guide
質問 # 33
Which of the following commands is used to retrieve the total output power level?
- A. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout
- B. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout detail
- C. show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout wavekey
- D. show interface am212 5a 1/6/lineout pm
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The command show interface am2125a 1/6/lineout detail is used to retrieve the total output power level of the AM2125A amplifier module. This command displays detailed information about the lineout interface, including the current optical power, wavelength, and status. The total output power level is shown as Output Power (dBm) in the output of this command1. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia
質問 # 34
What is the default severity level for a Threshold Crossing Alert (TCA) alarm?
- A. Critical
- B. Warning
- C. Major
- D. Minor
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A Threshold Crossing Alert (TCA) alarm is a type of alarm that indicates that a monitored parameter has crossed a predefined threshold. For example, a TCA alarm can be triggered when the optical power received at a port is too high or too low. The default severity level for a TCA alarm is warning, which means that it does not affect the service but may require attention. The other severity levels are critical, major, and minor, which indicate different degrees of impact and urgency of the alarms. The severity level of a TCA alarm can be changed by the user using the Nokia 1830 Engineering and Planning Tool (EPT) or the Nokia 1350 Optical Management System (OMS). References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, Nokia 1830 PSS-32 and PSS-16 Photonic Service Switch Release 8.0 Alarms and Conditions Reference Guide
質問 # 35
Consider the exhibit which shows part of an EPT Schematic View. Which number refers to the Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block is a device that can route optical signals based on their wavelengths.
It can also perform wavelength conversion, multiplexing, and demultiplexing functions. The Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block is part of the Nokia 1830 PSS-8x platform, which is optimized for metro aggregation switching applications in optical transport networks1. In the exhibit, the number 1 refers to the Wavelength Router (WR8-88) block, as indicated by the label WR8-88AF. The other numbers refer to different components of the system, such as transponders, amplifiers, and switches. References: Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course, DWDM 1830 PSS-8 WR8-88AF Board
質問 # 36
Consider the exhibit.
Which type of loopback is applied?
- A. Line port facility Ioopback
- B. Client port facility loopback
- C. Line port terminal Ioopback
- D. Client port terminal Ioopback
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The exhibit shows a diagram of an OT module with a client port and a DWDM port. The client port is looped back to itself with an OEO (Optical-Electrical-Optical) device. This means that the signal received by the client port is converted to an electrical signal, then back to an optical signal, and then transmitted back to the same port. This type of loopback is called a client portterminal loopback. It is used to test the functionality of the client port without involving the DWDM port or any other network element4. A client port facility loopback would involve looping back the signal from the DWDM port to the client port. A line port facility loopback would involve looping back the signal from another OT module or network element to the DWDM port. A line port terminal loopback would involve looping back the signal from the DWDM port to itself5. References : Nokia Optical Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Course | Nokia, Loopback - Wikipedia
質問 # 37
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