あなたを必ず合格させる312-82問題集PDF 2025年最新のに更新されたのは52問あります
EC-COUNCIL 312-82リアル試験問題と解答を無料で提供いたします
質問 # 30
What is the primary benefit to patients of blockchain in the healthcare are industry?
- A. Reduced costs
- B. Improved medical outcomes
- C. Total control over personal health records
- D. Reduced wait times
正解：C
解説：
The primary benefit of blockchain in the healthcare industry for patients istotal control over personal health records. Blockchain enables secure, decentralized storage of health data, allowing patients to control access to their information and share it with healthcare providers as needed.
Key Details:
* Data Ownership and Privacy: Blockchain gives patients the ability to own and manage their health records. They can grant or revoke access to different healthcare providers, ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to their data.
* Improved Security: Health records stored on a blockchain are encrypted and decentralized, making them resistant to tampering and unauthorized access. This enhances patient privacy and reduces the risk of data breaches.
* Interoperability and Accessibility: Blockchain facilitates seamless sharing of health records across different healthcare providers and systems, improving coordination and care continuity without compromising data integrity.
Therefore,B. Total control over personal health recordsis the correct answer, as it represents a significant advantage for patients in managing their healthcare information securely.
質問 # 31
_______uses a Trusted Execution environment (TEE) to provide randomness and safety in the leader election process via a guaranteed wait time.
- A. PoD
- B. PoA
- C. Pol
- D. PoET
正解：D
解説：
Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)is a consensus mechanism that uses a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to ensure randomness and safety in the leader election process by enforcing a guaranteed wait time.
Developed by Intel, PoET is particularly used in permissioned blockchain networks where a TEE can securely run code to determine which node is elected to propose the next block. This mechanism is efficient in terms of energy consumption and provides a fair method for selecting a leader without requiring intensive computational power.
Key Details:
* Role of TEE in PoET: The TEE ensures that nodes wait for a random period before being eligible to propose a new block. This waiting period is verified by the TEE, which acts as a trusted third party to confirm that nodes have adhered to the assigned wait time.
* Randomness and Security: PoET provides randomness in the leader selection process, reducing the chances of any node gaining an unfair advantage. It also promotes security by leveraging the TEE, which is designed to prevent tampering with the waiting time calculations.
* Use Cases: PoET is mainly used in permissioned blockchain environments like Hyperledger Sawtooth, where nodes are pre-approved, and there is a need for a scalable yet secure consensus mechanism.
In summary, PoET is the correct answer as it directly refers to a consensus mechanism that utilizes a Trusted Execution Environment for leader election.
質問 # 32
Is a Microsoft blockchain development platform that allows the creation of custom private blockchains.
- A. Fabric
- B. Azure
- C. Sratis
- D. Corda
正解：B
解説：
MicrosoftAzureis a blockchain development platform that enables the creation of custom private blockchains.
Azure Blockchain Service provides tools and services that allow organizations to set up and manage consortium blockchain networks, customize smart contracts, and create tailored blockchain applications.
Azure supports multiple blockchain frameworks, includingEthereumandHyperledger Fabric, making it versatile for both private and public network needs.
Key Details:
* Azure Blockchain Service: This service facilitates the deployment of managed blockchain networks on the cloud, leveraging Azure's infrastructure to deliver scalability, security, and reliability for private and consortium blockchain applications.
* Private Blockchain Capabilities: As a private blockchain service, Azure allows businesses to operate their blockchain in a controlled, permissioned environment. This offers greater control over data and participants, making it ideal for enterprise use cases like supply chain management, finance, and legal contracts.
* Blockchain Framework Compatibility: Although Azure supports a variety of blockchain protocols, it primarily focuses on private blockchain deployments, allowing for detailed control over network participants and data visibility.
In summary, Microsoft Azure stands out as a flexible and comprehensive platform for private blockchain development, catering to enterprises with tailored solutions and extensive cloud-based services.
質問 # 33
These wallets store keys in a tree structure derived from a seed.
- A. Brain Wallets
- B. Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets
- C. Deterministic Wallets
- D. Non-Deterministic Wallets
正解：B
解説：
Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) Walletsare wallets that generate private and public keys in a tree structure, starting from a single seed phrase. This seed phrase can generate multiple key pairs, allowing users to back up and recover all their wallet addresses using one phrase, which enhances security and convenience.
Key Details:
* Tree Structure: HD wallets use a root seed to derive an entire hierarchy of keys. Each branch in the tree can create new sub-branches, generating separate addresses for different transactions without reusing them, which provides better privacy.
* Seed-Based Recovery: Users can restore all wallet addresses with the original seed phrase, making HD wallets more secure and easy to back up compared to non-deterministic wallets, which would require individual backups for each key.
* Compatibility with Blockchain Standards: HD wallets adhere to the BIP32 and BIP44 standards, which outline the derivation paths and formats used by these wallets. This compatibility allows for interoperability among different wallet providers.
In conclusion, Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets (answer B) best describes wallets that store keys in a tree structure derived from a seed.
質問 # 34
FinCEN requires any person engaging in the business of money transmission or the transfer of funds, including CVC, to (I) maintain an ''effective'' written anti-money laundering program reasonably designed to prevent the business from being employed to help the financing of terrorist activities and money laundering and________.
- A. Report suspidous transactions
- B. Maintain detailed records of all customers
- C. Submit reports to the SEC
- D. Registry as a money service business
正解：A
解説：
FinCENrequires money transmitters and companies involved in virtual currency (CVC) transmission to report suspicious transactions as part of their anti-money laundering (AML) responsibilities. This is in addition to maintaining an effective AML program and registering as a money service business (MSB).
Key Details:
* AML Program: The program must be reasonably designed to detect and prevent the use of financial services for money laundering or terrorist financing.
* Reporting Suspicious Activity: FinCEN mandates that companies must file Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) for any transactions that appear to be potentially suspicious or indicative of illegal activities.
* Regulatory Compliance: This requirement ensures that businesses adhere to federal regulations, contributing to a secure financial system by monitoring and reporting illicit activity.
Therefore,A. Report suspicious transactionsis the correct answer, as this is a key requirement for companies under FinCEN's regulations regarding money transmission and virtual currencies.
質問 # 35
A Type II DAPP is categorized by its______
- A. Using another blockchain such as Ethereum
- B. Using the blockchain and protocol of a type I
- C. Using the protocol of a type II DApp
- D. Using the block chain of a type I but not the protocol
正解：B
解説：
AType II DAppis a decentralized application that uses both the blockchain and protocol of aType I DApp.
Type I DApps are the foundational blockchain-based platforms, such as Ethereum, that operate with their own blockchain. Type II DApps build on these platforms, using the existing blockchain and protocol, but offering specific functionalities or services.
Key Details:
* Type I DApps: These are fundamental blockchain platforms, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, which have their own blockchain and provide a foundation for other applications.
* Characteristics of Type II DApps: Type II DApps leverage the infrastructure of Type I DApps but add additional functionality through smart contracts or protocols. For example, protocols such asERC-
20 tokensorERC-721 NFTsare built on Ethereum and utilize Ethereum's underlying blockchain and consensus protocol.
* Integration: By utilizing both the blockchain and protocol of a Type I DApp, Type II DApps inherit the security, decentralization, and features of the underlying Type I platform, which simplifies their development and ensures compatibility.
In summary,B. Using the blockchain and protocol of a type Iaccurately describes the categorization of Type II DApps.
質問 # 36
______is a computer program that runs stop a blockchain and embedded within it are governance and business logic rules
- A. DaS
- B. DAO
- C. DAC
- D. Dapps
正解：D
解説：
Decentralized Applications (Dapps)are applications that run on a blockchain network and include embedded governance and business logic rules. Unlike traditional applications, Dapps are decentralized, meaning they operate on a peer-to-peer network rather than a centralized server, leveraging smart contracts to automatically enforce rules and protocols without intermediaries.
Key Details:
* Characteristics of Dapps: Dapps are open-source, operate autonomously, and store data on a blockchain. They utilize smart contracts to handle various functions, from transaction processing to enforcing governance rules and executing business logic.
* Smart Contracts: The embedded rules within Dapps are typically coded as smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code. This ensures that all transactions and operations within the Dapp are transparent, immutable, and automatically enforced.
* Use Cases: Dapps are commonly found in areas such as decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, supply chain management, and social media, offering users more control and transparency compared to traditional applications.
In conclusion,Dapps (A)is the correct answer as it refers to computer programs running on a blockchain with embedded governance and business logic rules.
質問 # 37
What type of DApp uses another blockchain such as Ethereum?
- A. DAO
- B. Type III
- C. Type II
- D. Pseude DApp
正解：C
解説：
AType II DAppis characterized by utilizing another blockchain, such as Ethereum, as its underlying platform. Type II DApps generally operate as protocols or platforms themselves and rely on a foundational blockchain (Type I) for their infrastructure. This categorization enables Type II DApps to leverage the security, decentralization, and functionality of the underlying blockchain while adding unique features or protocols.
Key Details:
* Relationship with Type I DApps: Type I DApps are foundational platforms with their own blockchain, such as Ethereum. Type II DApps are built on these foundational platforms, creating additional protocols or applications that depend on the Type I blockchain.
* Examples of Type II DApps: Protocols like the ERC-20 token standard on Ethereum are examples of Type II DApps, as they rely on Ethereum's blockchain but provide their own set of functionalities that can be used by other applications.
* Benefits of Using Existing Blockchains: By using established blockchains, Type II DApps benefit from existing infrastructure and security while extending the blockchain's capabilities.
Therefore,C. Type IIis the correct answer, as it represents DApps built on another blockchain like Ethereum.
質問 # 38
What type of DApp allows every participant to remain totally anonymous?
- A. Type II
- B. Fully anonymous DApp
- C. TypeI
- D. Reputation based DApp
正解：B
解説：
AFully Anonymous DAppis a decentralized application that is designed to maintain complete anonymity for all participants. These DApps do not require user identity verification, and interactions are carried out in a manner that does not reveal personal information. Fully anonymous DApps are particularly popular in privacy- focused blockchain ecosystems.
Key Details:
* Privacy and Anonymity: Fully anonymous DApps employ various privacy-preserving techniques, such as zero-knowledge proofs or ring signatures, to ensure that user transactions and interactions cannot be traced back to their identities.
* Use Cases: Fully anonymous DApps are often used in applications where privacy is paramount, such as private transactions, anonymous messaging, and confidential voting systems. By design, they prioritize user anonymity over other features.
* Comparison with Other DApp Types: While other DApp types might include some level of user identification or reputation systems, fully anonymous DApps offer total anonymity, making them ideal for users who require privacy at all levels of interaction.
Therefore,A. Fully anonymous DAppis the correct answer, as it describes a DApp that allows participants to remain completely anonymous.
質問 # 39
Which of the following are likely use cases for blockchain in the energy industry? (Select two.)
- A. Safety in energy transport
- B. Safety in energy production
- C. Energy trading
- D. Smart power grids
正解：C、D
解説：
Blockchain technology has significant potential in the energy industry, particularly inenergy tradingand smart power grids. By providing a transparent, decentralized, and secure platform for transactions, blockchain can facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading and improve the efficiency and reliability of smart grids.
Key Details:
* Energy Trading: Blockchain enables peer-to-peer energy trading where individuals and companies can buy and sell excess energy (such as solar or wind power) directly to each other. This decentralized model reduces the need for intermediaries and allows consumers to benefit from direct energy sales and purchases.
* Smart Power Grids: Blockchain can enhance smart grid systems by enabling real-time data sharing and automated decision-making. With blockchain, smart grids can securely record and share data related to energy production, consumption, and storage, thereby improving grid management, reducing waste, and optimizing energy distribution.
* Enhanced Transparency and Security: By recording all transactions in an immutable ledger, blockchain ensures transparency and security, reducing the risks of fraud and discrepancies in the energy market. This is especially beneficial in energy trading where trust and accurate record-keeping are essential.
Thus,Energy trading (B)andSmart power grids (D)are the most likely use cases for blockchain in the energy industry.
質問 # 40
Ethereum uses_____ as Proof of Work (PoW) whereas Bitcoin uses____based PoW.
- A. SHAZ56 ETHASH
- B. PoB BoW
- C. PoW PoB
- D. ETHASH SHA-256
正解：D
解説：
Ethereum uses Ethashas its Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm, whileBitcoin uses SHA-256for its PoW algorithm. Both are used to secure their respective networks, but they differ in terms of computational complexity and memory requirements.
Key Details:
* Ethash (Ethereum): Ethash is a memory-hard hashing algorithm designed to be resistant to ASIC mining, favoring GPU miners instead. It requires substantial memory, which helps to ensure a higher degree of decentralization.
* SHA-256 (Bitcoin): Bitcoin's SHA-256 is a highly secure hashing algorithm that supports ASIC mining. It is computationally intensive but less memory-demanding compared to Ethash.
* Purpose in PoW: Both algorithms enable miners to validate transactions and secure the network by solving complex puzzles. Ethash's design helps Ethereum maintain a decentralized network, whereas SHA-256 allows Bitcoin to achieve high levels of security with specialized mining equipment.
Therefore,D. ETHASH SHA-256is the correct answer, as these are the specific PoW algorithms used by Ethereum and Bitcoin, respectively.
質問 # 41
In this method users permanently destroy a certain quantity of bitcoin in proportion to the quantity of altcoin to be demand. What is this method?
- A. Side block
- B. Proof of ownership
- C. Side-chaining
- D. Proof of Burn
正解：D
解説：
Proof of Burn (PoB)is a consensus mechanism where users permanently destroy (or "burn") a certain quantity of cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, to gain the right to mine or acquire an altcoin. This process proves commitment to the network and secures it by effectively sacrificing one asset to obtain another.
Key Details:
* Burning Process: In PoB, participants send a certain amount of cryptocurrency to an unspendable address, effectively removing it from circulation. This act serves as proof that they have invested in the network by reducing the supply of the original cryptocurrency.
* Purpose and Use Cases: PoB is used by networks that want to incentivize long-term commitment and reduce total supply. It is often seen in new blockchain projects that allow miners or users to trade value in established currencies like Bitcoin for the native token of the new network.
* Security: By requiring participants to destroy value, PoB helps prevent spam attacks and promotes network stability.
Therefore,B. Proof of Burnis the correct answer, as it describes the method where users destroy a certain amount of cryptocurrency to receive or mine another asset.
質問 # 42
When using __________ the chain of ownership is established by a chain of digital signatures as each owner signs when transferring ownership.
- A. NFTS
- B. ETHASH
- C. PoET
- D. UTXO
正解：D
解説：
The UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model establishes a chain of ownership by using digital signatures.
In this model, each transaction consists of inputs (from previous UTXOs) and outputs (new UTXOs), and ownership is transferred by the current owner signing the transaction. This digital signature is then verified by the recipient, ensuring a secure and traceable chain of ownership.
Key Details:
Functionality of UTXO: UTXO is a fundamental part of Bitcoin's transaction model. When a transaction occurs, it consumes previous outputs as inputs, generating new UTXOs. Each UTXO can only be spent once, and ownership is verified through cryptographic signatures.
Chain of Ownership: The UTXO model inherently creates a clear and verifiable chain of ownership, as each output is signed by the current owner and used as input for future transactions, maintaining a continuous and transparent record of asset transfers.
Security through Digital Signatures: UTXO-based transactions rely on digital signatures to authenticate and authorize asset transfers, ensuring that only the rightful owner can initiate a transaction.
Thus, D. UTXO is the correct answer, as it accurately describes the model where ownership is established through a chain of digital signatures.
質問 # 43
These wallets use a this passphrase to derive the private key
- A. Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets
- B. Deterministic Wallets
- C. Brain Wallets
- D. Non-Deterministic Wallets
正解：C
解説：
Brain Walletsderive private keys from a passphrase. This approach allows users to create a wallet by memorizing a unique phrase, which is then hashed to generate the corresponding private key.
Key Details:
* Use of Passphrases: Brain wallets use a passphrase that is entered by the user, typically a string of words that can be remembered easily. This passphrase is then converted into a private key using a cryptographic hash function.
* Security Concerns: While convenient, brain wallets are susceptible to brute-force attacks if the passphrase is not sufficiently complex. Simple or common phrases may be vulnerable to attackers who use lists of common phrases to derive potential private keys.
* Distinction from Deterministic Wallets: Unlike Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets, which use a seed phrase to generate a tree of keys, brain wallets derive a single private key directly from a passphrase.
In conclusion,B. Brain Walletsis the correct answer, as these wallets use a passphrase to generate the private key.
質問 # 44
According to FinCEN what dictates the obligations of money transmitters?
- A. The company stated mission
- B. The business model
- C. How the company advertises itself
- D. The industry designation
正解：B
解説：
According to theFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), the obligations of money transmitters are determined primarily bythe business modelof the company. FinCEN regulations stipulate that companies engaged in money transmission services must comply with Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter- Terrorism Financing (CTF) regulations, based on how they conduct their business rather than on their industry designation or self-description.
Key Details:
* Regulatory Basis: FinCEN's guidelines are focused on the activities of the business-specifically, whether it facilitates the transfer of money or currency on behalf of others. This regulatory approach ensures that companies involved in money transmission are subject to appropriate oversight, regardless of their industry.
* Activities Over Labels: Even if a company does not advertise itself as a money transmitter, it may still be subject to FinCEN regulations if its business operations fit the criteria for money transmission services.
* Compliance Requirements: Money transmitters must register with FinCEN and implement AML/CTF measures to prevent illicit activities, aligning their compliance obligations with the nature of their operations.
Thus,C. The business modelis the correct answer, as FinCEN focuses on the activities a company performs when determining regulatory obligations.
質問 # 45
A____does not result in a new chain and does not require client nodes to upgrade.
- A. Side chain
- B. Hard fork
- C. Soft fork
- D. Dependent chain
正解：C
解説：
Asoft forkis a change to a blockchain protocol that is backward-compatible, meaning it does not result in the creation of a new chain and does not require all client nodes to upgrade. Nodes that do not upgrade can still participate in the network, although they may not have access to all new features introduced by the soft fork.
Key Details:
* Backward Compatibility: In a soft fork, updated nodes enforce the new rules, while non-updated nodes continue to follow the older protocol but remain part of the same blockchain. This contrasts with hard forks, where incompatibility leads to the creation of a new chain.
* Use Cases: Soft forks are commonly used to implement protocol upgrades or adjustments that do not fundamentally alter the structure of the blockchain, such as increasing block size limits or adding new features that are optional.
* Examples: An example of a soft fork is the Segregated Witness (SegWit) update on the Bitcoin blockchain, which was implemented to increase block capacity without splitting the chain.
Thus,B. Soft forkis the correct answer, as it refers to a backward-compatible update that does not require a new chain or mandatory upgrades from all nodes.
質問 # 46
The right to publish a new block is determined by ________
- A. Transaction history
- B. Nod's current investment in the blockchain
- C. Nodes proof of work
- D. Position in the blockchain
正解：C
解説：
The right to publish a new block is commonly determined byProof of Work (PoW)in blockchain networks like Bitcoin. In PoW, network nodes, known as miners, compete to solve a cryptographic puzzle. The first node to successfully solve it gains the right to add a new block to the blockchain.
Key Details:
* Proof of Work Mechanism: Miners perform computational work to solve a hash puzzle, which proves that they have expended effort. This process ensures that blocks are added in a way that is resistant to tampering and fraud.
* Reward System: The miner who successfully publishes a new block receives a block reward (in Bitcoin, for example), incentivizing miners to participate in maintaining the blockchain network's security.
* Alternative Mechanisms: Other consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Stake (PoS), do not rely on computational work but rather on a node's stake or investment in the blockchain. However, in the context of traditional blockchain models like Bitcoin, PoW is the primary method for determining block publication rights.
Therefore,A. Nodes proof of workis the correct answer, as PoW is the standard method by which nodes earn the right to publish new blocks in many blockchain networks.
質問 # 47
What two types of transactions are there in Ethereum(pick z):
- A. Message Call
- B. User
- C. Contract Creation
- D. Contract
正解：A、C
解説：
In Ethereum, there are two main types of transactions:Message CallandContract Creation. These transaction types enable Ethereum to support both the execution of contracts and interactions between accounts.
Key Details:
* Message Call Transactions: These transactions involve interactions between externally owned accounts (EOAs) or between EOAs and smart contracts. Message calls are used to transfer Ether or invoke functions within existing smart contracts.
* Contract Creation Transactions: This transaction type is used specifically to deploy new smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. During a contract creation transaction, the code for the new contract is included, which the network processes and stores at a unique address.
* Exclusion of User Transactions: While "User" refers to EOAs, it is not a type of transaction itself in Ethereum. Transactions in Ethereum are categorized based on their purpose - either calling an existing contract (Message Call) or creating a new one (Contract Creation).
Thus,C. Message CallandD. Contract Creationare the correct answers, as they represent the two main transaction types in Ethereum.
質問 # 48
Self-executing computer programs which facilitate transaction automation and eliminates the need for intermediaries are called what?
- A. Smart contracts
- B. Cryptocurrencies
- C. Bitcoin mining
- D. Distributed ledgers
正解：A
解説：
Smart Contractsare self-executing computer programs that automatically enforce, verify, and facilitate the terms of a contract when certain conditions are met. These programs run on blockchain networks and eliminate the need for intermediaries by automating transactions based on predefined rules coded into the contract.
Key Details:
* Automation and Trust: Smart contracts are crucial in blockchain technology because they enable trustless transactions, meaning parties can transact directly without relying on intermediaries. The code controls the execution, and transactions are transparent and irreversible.
* Use Cases: Smart contracts are foundational to decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, supply chain management, digital identity, and more. They facilitate various operations such as lending, borrowing, insurance, and automated asset transfers.
* Example in Ethereum: Ethereum popularized smart contracts by providing a platform with Turing- complete scripting capabilities. This allowed developers to create sophisticated decentralized applications that execute on the blockchain.
In conclusion,D. Smart contractsis the correct answer as it refers to the technology that automates transactions and eliminates the need for intermediaries.
質問 # 49
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