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質問 # 27
What makes value available when it's needed?
- A. Release on Demand
- B. DevOps
- C. Continuous Deployment
- D. Infrastructure
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Release on Demand is the process that makes value available to customers when it's needed. It is the final aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline, which represents the workflows, activities, and automation needed to guide new functionality from ideation to an on-demand release of value1. Release on Demand allows the business to release the solution to the end users or customers in acontrolled or staggered manner, based on the market and business needs2. Release on Demand enables the enterprise to respond quickly to customer feedback, optimize the timing and frequency of releases, and reduce the risk associated with each release3.
References:
*Continuous Delivery Pipeline - Scaled Agile Framework
*Release on Demand - Scaled Agile Framework
*What is Release on Demand? | Definition and Overview
質問 # 28
What can increase the effectiveness of Backlog Refinement?
- A. Have separate meetings with subject matter experts
- B. Schedule the event on a regular cadence
- C. Include a few team members
- D. Refine Stories during Iteration Planning
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
One of the factors that can increase the effectiveness of Backlog Refinement is to schedule the event on a regular cadence. Backlog Refinement is the process of reviewing, updating, and prioritizing the backlog items to prepare them for future iterations or sprints1. By scheduling the event on a regular cadence, such as once or twice per week, the team can ensure that the backlog is always accurate, relevant, and ready for planning2. A regular cadence also helps the team to avoid cramming too much work into a single session, which can lead to lower quality and reduced collaboration3.
References:
*Team Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework
*Backlog refinement - How I learned to love agile business analysis ...
*Essential Checklist for Effective Backlog Refinement (and What To Avoid ...
質問 # 29
Which of the following statements is one of the five Lean Thinking principles?
- A. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
- B. Decentralize decision-making
- C. Deliver working software frequently
- D. Identify the Value Stream for each product
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Identifying the Value Stream for each product is one of the five Lean Thinking principles proposed by Womack and Jones in 1996. A value stream is the sequence of activities that deliver value to the customer, from the initial request to the final delivery1. Identifying the value stream for each product helps to eliminate waste, optimize flow, and increase customer satisfaction2.
References:
*The Five Principles of Lean - Project Management Institute
*Value Streams - Scaled Agile Framework
質問 # 30
What does a Kanban board demonstrate?
- A. The cost of delay of each item on the board
- B. The accumulated value of a team's work
- C. A burndown chart of work completed in the Iteration
- D. Where a team has too much work-in-process (WIP)
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
A Kanban board is a visual tool that helps teams manage the flow of work from start to finish. It shows the steps of the team's workflow, the work items in each step, and the work-in-process (WIP) limits for each step1. A Kanban board demonstrates where a team has too much work-in-process (WIP), which is the number of work items that are being worked on at any given time. Having too much WIP can cause delays, bottlenecks, and waste in the value stream2. By using a Kanban board, teams can identify and resolve the sources of excessive WIP, and optimize their flow and throughput3.
References:
*SAFe Team Kanban - Scaled Agile Framework
*Applying Kanban in SAFe - Scaled Agile Framework
*What is a Kanban Board, and How Do You Use It? - How-To Geek
質問 # 31
What is one method for designing the end-to-end Customer experience?
- A. Persona development
- B. Journey mapping
- C. Whole-product thinking
- D. Feature storming
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Journey mapping is one method for designing the end-to-end customer experience. It is a visual representation of the steps, emotions, and pain points that a customer goes through when interacting with a product or service. It helps to identify the customer needs, expectations, and goals, as well as the gaps and opportunities for improvement in the current experience. Journey mapping also helps to align the stakeholders on the customer perspective and prioritize the features and solutions that will deliver the most value and satisfaction123 References:
*The expanding role of design in creating an end-to-end customer experience
*End to End Customer Experience: Know and Control its 3 Elements - HEFLO BPM
*How Design thinking Can Shape end to end Customer Experience
質問 # 32
What is one benefit of capacity allocation?
- A. It allocates developers and testers to an initiative
- B. It ensures all Value Streams in the Portfolio are appropriately funded
- C. It prevents different types of backlog items from being compared against each another
- D. It enables effective time-tracking
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Capacity allocation is an allocation of work by work item type for an upcoming planning period1. It helps the Agile Teams to balance their investments across different types of backlog items, such as new features, enablers, defects, and technical debt2. One benefit of capacity allocation is that it prevents different types of backlog items from being compared against each other based on their relative value or priority, which can be misleading or subjective3. Instead, capacity allocation allows the teams to focus on delivering value and quality in each work item type, without compromising the other2.
References:
*Capacity Allocation - Scaled Agile Framework
*Team Backlog - Scaled Agile Framework
*How Does SAFe Handle Capacity Planning and Resource Management? - Value Glide
質問 # 33
Why is the problem-solving workshop more effective than traditional lessons learned documents?
- A. Workshops are more engaging than document writing
- B. Collaboration over documentation is a key recommendation of the Agile Manifesto
- C. It makes improvements actionable through backlog items for the next PI
- D. It involves a small group of leaders
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The problem-solving workshop is more effective than traditional lessons learned documents because it makes improvements actionable through backlog items for the next Program Increment (PI). A problem-solving workshop is a structured approach to identify and solve problems that affect the performance and quality of the Agile Release Train (ART) or Solution Train1. Unlike traditional lessons learned documents, which are often passive and rarely implemented, a problem-solving workshop results in a set of improvement backlog items that are prioritized and planned for the next PI2. This way, the teams can implement the improvements and measure their impact on the value delivery3.
References:
*Inspect and Adapt - Scaled Agile Framework
*Why is the problem-solving workshop more effective than traditional ...
*Problem-solving workshop: Step-by-Step - Agilephoria
質問 # 34
Communicating and refining the Vision to the Agile Release Train during PI Planning supports which SAFe Core Value?
- A. Alignment
- B. Transparency
- C. Respect for People
- D. Relentless Improvement
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Communicating and refining the Vision to the Agile Release Train (ART) during PI Planning supports the SAFe Core Value of Alignment. Alignment is one of the four core values of SAFe thatguides the behaviors and actions of the people who work under the framework1. Alignment means that everyone understands the strategic direction, the value streams, and the solution intent, and how their role and work contribute to them2.
PI Planning is a crucial event in SAFe where all the teams within the ART come together to plan their work for the upcoming Program Increment (PI)3. During PI Planning, the Product Management presents the Vision, which describes the future state of the solution and its features4. The Vision helps align the teams and stakeholders to a shared mission and goal, and provides the context and purpose for the PI objectives.
References:
*SAFe Core Values - Scaled Agile Framework
*Alignment - Scaled Agile Framework
*PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework
*Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
質問 # 35
What are the minimum requirements for a Feature?
- A. Non-functional requirements, data models, and architecture
- B. Name, benefit hypothesis, and acceptance criteria
- C. Acceptance criteria, data models, and priority
- D. Benefit hypothesis, acceptance criteria, and priority
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The minimum requirements for a feature are a name, a benefit hypothesis, and acceptance criteria12. A name is a brief and descriptive phrase that summarizes the feature. A benefit hypothesis is a statement that describes the expected outcome and value of the feature for the customer or user. Acceptance criteria are a set of conditions that the feature must satisfy to be accepted by the customer or stakeholder12.
Some additional information that might be helpful for you are:
*The other options (A, C, and D) are not the minimum requirements for a feature, but rather additional or optional elements that may be included in the feature definition.
*Data models are representations of the data structures and relationships that the feature requires or affects.
Data models are not mandatory for a feature, but they may be useful for complex or data-intensive features3.
*Priority is the relative importance or urgency of a feature compared to other features. Priority is not a requirement for a feature, but it is a factor that influences the feature selection and sequencing4.
*Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are system qualities that guide the design of the solution and often serve as constraints across the relevant backlogs. NFRs are not specific to a feature, but they may affect the feature implementation or testing5.
*Architecture is the design and structure of the system that supports the solution. Architecture is not a requirement for a feature, but it is an enabler that facilitates the feature delivery.
質問 # 36
What system delivers a product or service to a Customer?
- A. Dual Operating System
- B. Kanban System
- C. Operational Value Stream
- D. Development Value Stream
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
An Operational Value Stream (OVS) is the sequence of activities needed to deliver a product or service to a customer1. Examples include manufacturing a product, fulfilling an order, admitting and treating a medical patient, providing a loan, or delivering a professional service1. An OVS is the system that delivers value to the customer and generates revenue for the enterprise2. In SAFe®, OVSs are the primary focus of the Customer Centricity competency, which aims to understand and meet the needs and expectations of the customer3.
Some additional information that might be helpful for you are:
*The other options (A, C, and D) are not systems that deliver a product or service to a customer, but rather systems or concepts that support or enable the delivery of value.
*A Kanban System is a method of visualizing and managing the flow of work in a value stream4. A Kanban System can be applied to any type of value stream, whether operational or developmental, to improve efficiency, quality, and predictability4.
*A Development Value Stream (DVS) is the sequence of activities needed to convert a business hypothesis into a digitally-enabled solution that delivers customer value. A DVS is the system that develops and supports the solutions used by the OVSs. In SAFe®, DVSs are the primary focus of the Agile Product Delivery competency, which aims to continuously explore, integrate, deploy, and release value.
*A Dual Operating System is a concept proposed by John Kotter that describes the need for organizations to balance the traditional hierarchical structure with a more agile and networked structure. A Dual Operating System enables organizations to exploit their existing capabilities while exploring new opportunities for innovation and growth. In SAFe®, a Dual Operating System is achieved by applying the Lean-Agile Leadership competency, which fosters a culture of learning and empowerment.
質問 # 37
What is a PI Planning input that demonstrates how Product Management plans to accomplish the Vision?
- A. The ART planning board
- B. The top ten Features
- C. The Team Backlog
- D. The business context
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The top ten Features are a PI planning input that demonstrates how Product Management plans to accomplish the Vision. The vision is a description of the future state of the solution under development, reflecting customer and stakeholder needs, as well as the features and capabilities proposed to meet those needs1. The top ten Features are the highest priority features of the ART backlog, which are derived from the vision and roadmap, and provide the most value to the customers and stakeholders2. By presenting the top ten Features to the Agile Release Train (ART) during PI planning, Product Management communicates the main objectives and scope of the upcoming Program Increment (PI), and guides the teams to plan their work accordingly2. The top ten Features also help align the teams and stakeholders to a shared mission and vision, and foster cross-team and cross-ART collaboration2.
References: 1 Vision - Scaled Agile Framework, 2 PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework
質問 # 38
Which role ensures that the ART has the Vision and Backlog needed to engage in PI Planning successfully?
- A. Product Owner
- B. Product Management
- C. Lean-Agile Center of Excellence
- D. Release Train Engineer
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Product Management is the role that ensures that the Agile Release Train (ART) has the Vision and Backlog needed to engage in PI Planning successfully. Product Management is responsible for defining and communicating the Vision, which describes the future state of the solution and its features1. Product Management also develops and maintains the Program Backlog, which contains the features and enablers that the ART will implement in the upcoming Program Increments (PIs)2. Product Management collaborates with stakeholders, customers, architects, and other roles to discover, prioritize, and refine the backlog items and present them to the ART during PI Planning3.
References:
*Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
*Product Management - Scaled Agile Framework
*PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework
質問 # 39
Why do Agile Teams use Iteration Goals?
- A. To hold the team accountable to their PI Objectives
- B. To align the team members and the Product Owner to a common purpose
- C. To ensure the team accomplishes the committed Stories for each Iteration
- D. To summarize the business outcomes an Agile Team intends to achieve during the PI
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Iteration Goals are a high-level summary of the business and technical goals that an Agile Team agrees to accomplish in an Iteration. They are vital to coordinating an Agile Release Train (ART) as a self-organizing, self-managing team of teams1. Iteration Goals help the team and the Product Owner to reach agreement on the business value they intend to deliver, align their work to their team PI objectives, and ground everyone on their shared purpose2.
References:
*Iteration Goals - Scaled Agile Framework
*What Is The Purpose Of Iteration Goals? - GoRetro
質問 # 40
What is one characteristic of writing effective PI Objectives?
- A. Identifying significant risks
- B. Listing out committed Features
- C. Describing the value
- D. Including critical Stories
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One characteristic of writing effective PI Objectives is describing the value that the objectives will deliver to the customers and stakeholders. PI Objectives are a summary of the business and technical goals that the Agile Release Train (ART) intends to achieve in the upcoming Program Increment (PI)1. They are not just a list of features or stories, but rather a statement of the outcomes and benefits that the features or stories will provide2.
By describing the value, the PI Objectives help align the teams and stakeholders to a shared vision and mission, and provide a basis for measuring the progress and performance of the ART3.
References:
*PI Objectives - Scaled Agile Framework
*Your Guide to Writing Great Iteration and PI Objectives - Scaled Agile
*How to Write PI Objectives - ValueGlide
質問 # 41
What is enabled by the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. A predictable release cadence
- B. End-to-end testing
- C. Transparent measurements
- D. New functionality delivered more frequently
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The Continuous Delivery Pipeline enables the delivery of new functionality to customers more frequently by streamlining and automating the workflows, activities, and feedback loops from ideation to release1. The Continuous Delivery Pipeline consists of four aspects: Continuous Exploration, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, and Release on Demand2. These aspects work together to support the delivery of small batches of new functionality, which can be released to the market based on the customer demand and business needs3.
References:
*Continuous Delivery Pipeline - Scaled Agile Framework
*Continuous Delivery Pipeline - Scaled Agile Framework
*SAFe Continuous Delivery Pipeline: A Comprehensive Guide to the ...
質問 # 42
What is one tool that visualizes Features representing a workflow?
- A. Story Maps
- B. Continuous Delivery Pipeline
- C. Team Kanban
- D. User Experience Design
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
A story map is a tool that visualizes features representing a workflow. A story map is a two-dimensional arrangement of user stories that shows the relationship between the user activities and the features that support them1. A story map helps the team to understand the user journey, prioritize the features based on value and dependencies, and plan the releases and iterations2.
References:
*Story Mapping - Scaled Agile Framework
*What is User Story Mapping? | Definition and Overview
質問 # 43
What is one question that helps Product Management create a Vision?
- A. What Features must be de-scoped?
- B. How many Features have been released to the Customer?
- C. What problem(s) will the Solution solve?
- D. Which themes are on the Roadmap?
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One of the questions that helps Product Management create a Vision is what problem(s) will the Solution solve for the customers and stakeholders. The Vision is a description of the future state of the Solution under development, and it reflects the needs and expectations of the customers and stakeholders1. The Vision also provides the context and purpose for the features and capabilities of the Solution2. Therefore, Product Management needs to understand the problem(s) that the Solution aims to address, and how it will deliver value and benefits to the customers and stakeholders3.
References:
*Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
*Solution Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
*What is a Product Vision Statement? | Definition and Overview
質問 # 44
What is one input to the Vision?
- A. Team topologies
- B. Portfolio Backlog
- C. Customer feedback
- D. Feature context
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One input to the Vision is customer feedback. Customer feedback is the information and opinions that customers and stakeholders provide about the solution, its features, and its value proposition1. Customer feedback helps to validate the assumptions, test the hypotheses, and measure the satisfaction of the solution2.
Customer feedback also helps to identify the needs, preferences, and expectations of the customers and stakeholders, which are essential for defining and communicating the Vision3. The Vision is a description of the future state of the solution under development, and it reflects the problem(s) that the solution will solve and the benefits that it will deliver4.
References:
*Customer Feedback - Scaled Agile Framework
*Continuous Exploration - Scaled Agile Framework
*Solution Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
*Vision - Scaled Agile Framework
質問 # 45
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