Maryland-Real-Estate-Salesperson認証試験の問題集解答を提供しています [2025年11月]
更新されたMaryland-Real-Estate-Salesperson試験練習テスト問題
質問 # 112
Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1866 monumental among fair housing and antidiscrimination laws?
- A. It was adopted by the United Nations.
- B. It added sexual orientation as a protected class.
- C. It abolished slavery.
- D. It provided no exceptions for discrimination based on race or color.
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was the first federal law to address discrimination in housing and property rights. It declares that all U.S. citizens shall have the same rights as white citizens to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, regardless of race or color.
Unlike later fair housing laws, this Act includes no exemptions-it applies to all property transactions, public or private.
This law is a foundation of modern fair housing legislation, and its absolute prohibition on racial discrimination still applies today.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Fair Housing and Ethics section.
- Civil Rights Act of 1866, 42 U.S.C. §1982.
質問 # 113
In what type of agency does a licensee have limited authority to act on behalf of a client buying or selling a property?
- A. A general agent
- B. A special agent
- C. A universal agent
- D. A designated agent
正解：B
解説：
A special agent (also called a limited agent) is authorized to perform a single, specific act or transaction- such as assisting in the purchase or sale of a property.
Real estate brokers and salespersons generally act as special agents, with limited authority defined in the brokerage agreement.
They may not bind their clients to contracts without express permission.
This principle appears in the Law of Agency module and is contrasted with general agents (brokers' affiliated licensees) and universal agents (power-of-attorney representatives).
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Law of Agency section.
- Business Occupations and Professions Article 17-530 - 17-534.
質問 # 114
You represent a buyer of a $1 million property. The seller's agent offers a 2.5% cooperative agent compensation. Who's your client?
- A. The seller
- B. The buyer
- C. The seller's agent's broker
- D. The seller's agent
正解：B
解説：
Under Maryland law, agency relationships are determined by who the licensee represents, not by who pays the compensation.
Even though the buyer's agent may receive payment from the listing broker via a cooperative compensation (often shared through the MLS), that payment does not make the buyer's agent an agent of the seller.
The licensee's fiduciary duties-loyalty, confidentiality, disclosure, obedience, reasonable care, and accounting-belong solely to the buyer, the client under the brokerage agreement.
This principle is detailed under the Maryland Agency Law section of the pre-licensing course.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Law of Agency module.
- Business Occupations and Professions Article 17-530 through 17-534.
- COMAR 09.11.07.01 - Disclosure of Agency Relationships.
質問 # 115
What's the area of a rectangular building that's 40 feet by 20 feet?
- A. 800 square feet
- B. 80 feet
- C. 80 square feet
- D. 800 feet
正解：A
解説：
Area of a rectangle = length × width. Here, 40 ft × 20 ft = 800 square feet. Area is always expressed in square units.
Reference: Maryland pre-licensing curriculum - Math for Real Estate (area of rectangles/squares; unit labeling for area vs. linear measures).
質問 # 116
Which type of deed offers the strongest and broadest form of guarantee and protection of title to the grantee?
- A. Full covenant and warranty deed
- B. Executor's deed
- C. Bargain and sale deed
- D. Quitclaim deed
正解：A
解説：
In the deed section of the pre-licensing course, learners are taught that the full covenant and warranty deed (often called a general warranty deed) provides the broadest protection for the grantee because the grantor warrants good title, free from encumbrances, and defends the title against all claims, whether they arose before or during the grantor's ownership. The deed typically carries the full set of common law covenants (seisin, right to convey, against encumbrances, quiet enjoyment, further assurances, and warranty). By contrast, a quitclaim deed offers no warranties, a bargain and sale deed implies ownership but gives limited or no warranties, and executor's or personal representative deeds convey title on behalf of an estate without full warranties.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate - Transfer of Title: types of deeds; scope of warranties; general (full covenant) warranty vs. special warranty vs. bargain and sale vs. quitclaim; estate and fiduciary deeds.
質問 # 117
What must an agent do if they receive an undisclosed bonus from a seller to incentivize closing by a certain date?
- A. The agent must disclose the bonus to any buyers they are working with on the transaction.
- B. The agent should pay the bonus to the broker.
- C. The agent should keep the bonus confidential and not inform the broker.
- D. The agent can accept the bonus without any disclosure requirements.
正解：A
解説：
Under Maryland Code of Ethics (COMAR 09.11.02.33A) and Maryland Business Occupations and Professions 17-322(a)(23), a licensee must disclose any compensation, commission, fee, or bonus received from a party other than their client in the transaction.
If a seller offers an undisclosed bonus to the buyer's agent, that bonus must be fully disclosed in writing to the buyer (the agent's client) before acceptance. Failure to do so constitutes an ethical and legal violation. The payment, once disclosed, must be processed through the agent's broker, who is responsible for all compensation distribution.
Reference:Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course - "Fair Housing and Ethics" Module; COMAR
09.11.02.33A(23); Maryland Business Occupations and Professions 17-322.
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質問 # 118
At a business meeting attended by the heads of the top brokerages in town, the keynote speaker discussed a minimum listing fee. What is this?
- A. Tie-in arrangement
- B. Group boycotting
- C. Price fixing
- D. Market allocation
正解：C
解説：
Agreeing-or even coordinating-on a minimum commission or listing fee among competing brokerages is price fixing, a per se violation of antitrust law. Maryland pre-licensing emphasizes that competitors must not discuss or set commission rates, fees, or pricing policies; each brokerage must independently determine its fees.
* Group boycotting = competitors conspiring to refuse to deal with a party.
* Market allocation = dividing territories/customers.
* Tie-in arrangement = conditioning sale of one product/service on purchase of another.
References (Maryland Sources / Pre-Licensing Core Content):
* Maryland 60-Hour Course: "Real Estate Brokerage Operations" (antitrust compliance: price fixing, market allocation, group boycotts, tie-ins).
* Sherman Antitrust Act principles as incorporated in Maryland real estate education.
* COMAR 09.11.02 (ethical conduct; avoiding anticompetitive practices); MREC guidance on commissions being negotiable and set independently by each brokerage.
質問 # 119
A licensee wants to meet with her potential buyer clients face-to-face in her office. What's her reason for doing this?
- A. She wants to sell the buyers on a local neighborhood that she likes.
- B. She wants to make sure the buyers are serious about purchasing.
- C. She wants the buyers to meet her office mate.
- D. She wants to run a credit check on the buyers.
正解：B
解説：
Meeting potential buyer clients in-person allows the licensee to establish agency, verify identity, discuss representation agreements, and assess buyer motivation and qualifications. Maryland's brokerage-operation standards emphasize that the licensee should determine whether prospects are ready, willing, and able to purchase before proceeding, ensuring compliance with agency-disclosure and record-keeping requirements.
Reference:Maryland 60-Hour Course - "Real Estate Brokerage Operations" Module; Maryland Business Occupations and Professions 17-532 (Agency Disclosure and Written Agreements).
質問 # 120
What is real estate, plus all of the interests, benefits, and rights included in ownership, also known as?
- A. Real property
- B. Personal property
- C. Estate
- D. Land
正解：A
解説：
Real property is real estate (land and improvements) plus the bundle of rights (interests, benefits, and rights inherent in ownership), such as possession, control, enjoyment, exclusion, and disposition.
* Land refers to the earth's surface, subsurface, and airspace (naturally occurring).
* An estate is a degree, quantity, nature, or extent of interest in real property (e.g., fee simple, life estate).
* Personal property (chattel) is movable and not affixed to real estate.
References (Pre-Licensing Core Content):
* Maryland 60-Hour Pre-Licensing Course: "Real Property and the Law" (definitions of land, real estate, real property, personal property; bundle of rights).
* Common-law property definitions widely adopted in real estate education.
質問 # 121
Which type of events are generally on a title insurance policy's schedule of exceptions?
- A. Claims from an owner with an unrecorded deed
- B. Claims that were filed in the public record before a title insurance policy's effective date
- C. Mechanic's liens filed prior to a title insurance policy's effective date
- D. Liens or encumbrances that aren't in the public record
正解：B
解説：
In the closing/title section of the pre-licensing course, learners are taught that a title policy contains Schedules
-most notably Schedule A (coverage basics) and Schedule B (exceptions). Schedule B-Exceptions lists specific matters found of record prior to the policy's effective date (e.g., recorded easements, covenants, restrictions, prior-of-record liens, and taxes/assessments) that are excluded from coverage unless affirmatively insured over or removed.
While policies also include standard exceptions (which can address certain unrecorded matters), the items
"generally" shown on the schedule of exceptions are the recorded encumbrances discovered in the title search that predate the policy.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate - Closing and Title Insurance: policy structure (Schedule A and Schedule B), title searches, recorded encumbrances, and exceptions to coverage.
質問 # 122
The cost approach to finding an appraised value measures which of the following?
- A. The cost to acquire land only
- B. The expenses the property is expected to produce for the owner
- C. The cost to construct a reproduction only
- D. The cost to acquire land and construct a reproduction
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
The cost approach to appraisal is based on the principle of substitution, which assumes that a buyer will not pay more for a property than it would cost to purchase a similar site and construct a comparable building with equal utility.
The process involves:
Estimating the value of the land as if vacant,
Estimating the current cost to reproduce or replace the improvements,
Subtracting depreciation (physical, functional, or external), and
Adding the land value to the depreciated improvement cost.Thus, the cost approach measures the cost to acquire the land and construct a reproduction or replacement of the improvements-making option A correct.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Real Estate Appraisal and Valuation" Module Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) - Cost Approach Overview.
質問 # 123
Google and "If This, Then That" alerts can assist you with which of the following?
- A. Guaranteeing that the property owner receives all rental income
- B. Monitoring your online listings for rental scams
- C. Posting your online listings for rent
- D. Removing your listings from a rental website
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
The Property Management section of the Maryland pre-licensing course teaches that licensees must monitor their listings for fraudulent online activity, such as rental scams where criminals copy legitimate ads and re-post them with false contact details.
Setting up automated alerts through tools like Google Alerts or If This, Then That (IFTTT) can help licensees detect unauthorized use of their listings or identifying information.
These monitoring tools allow quick corrective action and protect both the brokerage and the public from scams.
Reference (Maryland Source):
- Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices Course, Property Management and Advertising Compliance section.
- Maryland Code of Ethics, COMAR 09.11.02.01-.02.
質問 # 124
Who is responsible for ordering an appraisal, completing the loan application, ordering a home inspection, and obtaining homeowners insurance before closing?
- A. The seller
- B. The title insurance company
- C. The buyer
- D. The lender
正解：C
解説：
In practice and per course guidance, the buyer is responsible for initiating and completing the loan application, arranging the appraisal through the lender, ordering the home inspection, and securing homeowners insurance prior to closing. Although lenders order the appraisal to comply with appraisal independence rules, the buyer is the party who applies for financing and is responsible for ensuring the appraisal, inspection, and insurance are in place to meet loan and contract conditions by closing.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate - Closing the Real Estate Transaction: parties' pre-closing responsibilities; buyer tasks (loan application, appraisal coordination, inspections, insurance); lender ordering of appraisals and appraisal independence.
質問 # 125
How large is an acre?
- A. 10,000 square meters
- B. 43,560 feet
- C. 5,480 square feet
- D. 43,560 square feet
正解：D
解説：
In the "Math for Real Estate and Practical Applications" portion, area and measurement conversions are foundational. An acre is defined as 43,560 square feet. Option B ("43,560 feet") is incorrect because it omits the necessary square unit. The course emphasizes accurate units and conversions for calculations involving land area, price-per-square-foot/acre, and legal descriptions.
References (Course Outline/Study Topics): Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate -
"Math for Real Estate" (Area/acre conversions; unit accuracy).
質問 # 126
Homes built before 1978 may have what environmental hazard in their paint?
- A. Lead
- B. Arsenic
- C. Radiation
- D. Asbestos
正解：A
解説：
The course teaches that residences built prior to 1978 may contain lead-based paint, which poses health risks-particularly to children and pregnant individuals. Federal law requires the Lead-Based Paint Disclosure for most pre-1978 housing, plus delivery of the EPA pamphlet and opportunity for lead evaluation. Maryland materials reinforce these requirements and Maryland-specific lead rules for certain rentals.
References: Maryland 60-Hour Course - Environmental Issues and Disclosures (Lead-Based Paint rules for pre-1978 housing; disclosure and pamphlet requirements); Fair Housing and Ethics (health & safety disclosures).
質問 # 127
James creates a trust to hold a piece of real estate he owns. He directs a corporate fiduciary to hold title to the real estate and provides instructions for the management, control, and disposition of the real estate upon his death. Given that the trust only holds real estate, James likely set up a(n) ________ trust.
- A. Assignable
- B. Testamentary
- C. Land
- D. Tertiary
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course:
A land trust is a type of living trust in which real property is the only asset placed into the trust.
Under a land trust, the trustee (fiduciary) holds legal title to the property, while the beneficiary retains the rights to control, manage, and receive income or proceeds from the property.
The Maryland pre-licensing course explains that land trusts are commonly used for privacy, estate planning, and avoiding probate, since the property is owned and transferred through the trust rather than by individual deed.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Forms of Real Estate Ownership" Module Maryland Trust Act (Estates and Trusts Article, Title 14.5 - Trusts).
質問 # 128
Dan is buying Chuck's property, which is listed with Nevin's brokerage. Who are the parties to the exclusive right-to-sell listing agreement?
- A. Dan and Nevin
- B. Chuck and Nevin's brokerage
- C. Dan and Chuck
- D. Dan, Chuck, and Nevin
正解：B
解説：
The course states that an exclusive right-to-sell listing is a brokerage employment agreement between the seller and the listing brokerage (through the authorized broker), not with the buyer. The listing contract authorizes the brokerage to market the property and earn compensation upon a sale during the listing term, regardless of who procures the buyer. Therefore, the parties are the seller (Chuck) and the listing brokerage (Nevin's brokerage).
References: Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate - Listing Agreements: parties to the agreement, broker's authority, and compensation provisions in exclusive right-to-sell listings.
質問 # 129
In relation to Maryland's PHIFA, if a foreclosure consultant is found to have intentionally violated the law, what's the maximum penalty the consultant may have to pay to a consumer who brings a private action?
- A. Twice the actual damages
- B. Actual damages
- C. Actual damages, plus attorney's fees
- D. Three times the actual damages, plus attorney's fees
正解：D
解説：
Under the Protection of Homeowners in Foreclosure Act (PHIFA), Maryland provides enhanced civil remedies to consumers harmed by foreclosure consultants' unlawful practices. For intentional (willful) violations, a consumer who brings a private action may recover treble (three times) the actual damages, along with reasonable attorney's fees and costs. This heightened remedy is designed to deter predatory conduct in distressed-homeowner contexts and is taught in the Maryland pre-licensing course under the state- specific consumer protection and license law sections.
References:
Maryland Real Property Article, Title 7, Subtitle 3 (PHIFA) - Civil remedies for violations (treble damages for intentional violations and attorney's fees).
Maryland 60-Hour Principles & Practices Course - Maryland License Law / Consumer Protection Module (PHIFA remedies).
質問 # 130
Risks to computer systems can be reduced by avoiding public networks, sites, and suspicious sites.
- A. Secure
- B. Encrypted
- C. All
- D. Unsecure
正解：D
解説：
Brokerage risk management includes cybersecurity best practices to protect client nonpublic information (e.
g., transaction documents, IDs, financial data). Licensees are instructed to avoid unsecure/public networks and untrusted or suspicious websites, use secure/encrypted connections, maintain strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, and follow brokerage data security policies. Avoiding unsecure environments reduces exposure to malware, phishing, and interception.
References: Maryland pre-licensing curriculum-Real Estate Brokerage Operations (risk management; data security; safeguarding client information; acceptable technology use).
質問 # 131
The lender will require flood insurance if the home is ________.
- A. Located in a valley
- B. Located in a flood plain
- C. New construction
- D. More than 100 years old
正解：B
解説：
Lenders that make federally related loans must require flood insurance if the property is located in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), as designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Flood insurance protects the lender's collateral and the borrower's investment.
The Maryland pre-licensing course covers flood hazards in the "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" unit.
Reference:
Maryland 60-Hour Principles and Practices of Real Estate Pre-Licensing Course - "Environmental Issues and Disclosures" Module National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) - FEMA Floodplain Management.
質問 # 132
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