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質問 # 10
A firm that manufactures residential doors and windows runs short of rubber molding used in production. The next delivery from the contracted supplier is due in two working days. To maintain production, the firm's supply manager purchases 100 feet of material from a local supplier. This type of purchase is known as
- A. blanket ordering
- B. buying to requirements
- C. spot buying
- D. forward buying
正解：C
解説：
Spot buying refers to purchasing goods on the open market for immediate requirements, often at a premium, to meet urgent needs. This approach addresses shortages quickly, ensuring continuity in production.
質問 # 11
A cross-functional team evaluates the feasibility of a new product line for a company. This type of study is BEST described as
- A. C spend analysis
- B. market analysis
- C. risk analysis
- D. cost analysis
正解：B
解説：
A market analysis best describes the study conducted by a cross-functional team to evaluate the feasibility of a new product line. This analysis assesses market demand, competition, and potential profitability, providing insights necessary for decision-making. Reference: Product development and market research methodologies.
質問 # 12
Based on the global reach and complexity of supply chains, resiliency planning and risk assessment are necessary because of which of the following'
- A. Lack of training within the organization
- B. Supplier bankruptcies in competitive markets
- C. Uncollected receivables
- D. Natural and man-made disasters
正解：D
解説：
Resiliency planning and risk assessment in global supply chains are critical due to the potential impact of natural and man-made disasters. These events can disrupt operations, affecting logistics, supply continuity, and financial performance. Effective risk management strategies mitigate such disruptions, ensuring supply chain stability.
質問 # 13
PQR, Inc. produces office supplies for big box retailers. This is a highly competitive market and the requirement for maintaining a continuous inventory of product for retailers is a high priority for PQR.
Recently, the firm experienced shipping delays from overseas suppliers. Which of the costs associated with shortages would be MOST critical for PQR?
- A. Production downtime
- B. Expedited shipping
- C. Lost sales
- D. Idle workers
正解：C
解説：
In a highly competitive market like office supplies, the most critical cost associated with shortag-es is typically lost sales. If PQR, Inc. experiences shipping delays and cannot maintain continuous inventory, customers are likely to turn to competitors to meet their needs. This can result in im-mediate lost sales and potentially long-term loss of customer loyalty. The cost of lost sales often outweighs other costs like idle workers or production downtime because it directly affects revenue and market share. References:
*Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2015). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Op-eration. Pearson.
*Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & Supply Chain Management. Pearson UK.
質問 # 14
A retailer of high-value consumer electronics experiences a significant increase in theft within its forward and reverse logistics operations, both of which are subcontracted to third parties. Which of the following is the FIRST course of action the retailer should undertake in order to mitigate loss within the subcontractors' chain of custody?
- A. Assess internal process flow diagrams and those of the subcontractors to identify areas where risk of loss can occur
- B. Redesign product packaging to add tamper proof capabilities
- C. Invest in a Transportation Management System in order to track the movement of products in real time
- D. Invest in radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, in order to track inventory within the entire supply chain
正解：A
解説：
The first course of action should be to assess internal process flow diagrams and those of the subcontractors to identify areas where the risk of loss can occur. Understanding the processes helps pinpoint vulnerabilities and implement targeted security measures. This approach ensures that the root causes of theft are addressed before investing in technology solutions. Reference: Risk management and loss prevention strategies in logistics.
質問 # 15
A large retailer and one of its suppliers establish a process to combine intelligence from both organizations in order to improve product availability while reducing inventory, transportation, and logistics costs. This process is known as which of the following?
- A. Enterprise resource planning
- B. Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment
- C. Sales and operations planning
- D. Vendor-managed inventory
正解：B
解説：
The process described is Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR), which involves both the retailer and supplier working together to improve product availability and reduce costs associated with inventory, transportation, and logistics. References: CPFR is a widely adopted strategy in supply chain management to enhance collaboration and optimize the supply chain.
質問 # 16
A scientific equipment company wants to encourage its key suppliers to participate in the firm's quality certification program. The process is detailed and time-consuming. Which of the following is likely to be the GREATEST benefit to the buying organization?
- A. Rationalized supply base
- B. Reduced transaction time
- C. Lower total costs
- D. Faster incoming inspections
正解：C
解説：
The greatest benefit of involving suppliers in a quality certification program is often the reduction in total costs. Certified suppliers typically produce higher-quality goods, reducing defects and rework. This improvement leads to lower operational costs and enhances the overall supply chain efficiency. References include supply chain management studies that highlight the cost benefits of supplier quality certifications.
質問 # 17
Which of the following is the BEST reason to use Monte Carlo simu-lations to improve a forecast7
- A. To provide a single correct forecast that removes uncertainty
- B. To create a forecast that is accurate but has a wider distribution of potential outcomes
- C. To simulate potential outcomes and accept the resulting forecast without question
- D. To increase confidence in the forecast by reducing uncertainty
正解：D
解説：
Monte Carlo simulations are used to understand the impact of risk and uncertainty in prediction and forecasting models. They work by running a large number of simulations with varying input variables to produce a distribution of possible outcomes. This method allows forecasters to see a range of potential results and their probabilities, thus reducing uncertainty and increasing confi-dence in the forecast. The goal is not to provide a single correct forecast but to understand the range and likelihood of different outcomes. References:
*Thesen, A., & Travis, L. E. (2009). Simulation for Decision Making. CRC Press.
*Charnes, J. M. (2012). Financial Modeling with Crystal Ball and Excel. Wiley.
質問 # 18
MNO, Inc. is a national retail home goods chain formed of local franchisees. Each franchisee uses its own returns processing systems. A key advertising point for MNO is its liberal return policy, which is part of its overall focus on excellent customer service. While feedback from customers is positive regarding MNO's return policy, there have been inquiries as to why stores handle returns via different processes. MNO's supply manager suggests the implementation of a reverse supply chain to deal with this issue and possibly yield cost enhancement opportunities. In order to implement this, which of the following is the FIRST course of action the supply manager should take''
- A. Define a consistent return process and integrate it into the forward supply chain
- B. Hire an external returns specialist to monitor the situation
正解：A
解説：
Implementing a reverse supply chain requires first defining a consistent return process that can be integrated into the existing forward supply chain. This ensures that all franchisees follow the same procedures for handling returns, which enhances efficiency, customer satisfaction, and potentially reduces costs.
Standardizing the return process also allows for better tracking and management of returned goods, improving overall supply chain performance. By addressing this foundational step first, MNO, Inc. can ensure a smoother implementation of the reverse supply chain. References:
*Rogers, D. S., & Tibben-Lembke, R. (2001). An Examination of Reverse Logistics Practic-es. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 129-148.
*Blanchard, D. (2010). Supply Chain Management Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons.
質問 # 19
Which of the following refers to the percentage of order requirements met through stock that is present on the shelf?
- A. Lead time
- B. Buffer stock
- C. Inventory turnover
- D. Fill rate
正解：D
質問 # 20
A project charter addresses which of the following areas?
- A. Problem statement, budget, timeline, work breakdown structure, project team, and sponsor's approval
- B. Problem statement, statement of work, resource requirements, milestones, and sponsor's approval
- C. Problem statement, team, roles and responsibilities, cost structure, timelines, and sponsor's approval
- D. Problem statement, scope, constraints, milestones, team and authority, risk, and sponsor's approval
正解：D
解説：
A project charter includes a problem statement, scope, constraints, milestones, team and authority, risk, and sponsor's approval. This comprehensive document outlines the project's framework, guiding its execution and ensuring alignment with organizational goals.
質問 # 21
A company that has never focused on supply management in the past is now faced with increasing competition from new, innovative products entering its market. As a result, the firm's business strategy includes an increased focus on cost containment. Given this situation, which of the following should the company do FIRST?
- A. Raise the reporting level of key supply management personnel
- B. Consolidate tactical supply management positions where possible
- C. Create an executive position for supply management
- D. Standardize global processes
正解：A
解説：
Raising the reporting level of key supply management personnel is crucial for integrating supply management into the company's strategic focus. This ensures that supply management decisions align with executive strategies on cost containment and competitiveness, enhancing visibility and influence.
質問 # 22
Reducing the number of items that perform the same or similar function is known as
- A. value engineering
- B. value analysis
- C. simplification
- D. standardization
正解：D
解説：
Standardization involves reducing the variety of items performing similar functions. This process streamlines inventory, reduces costs, and simplifies procurement by focusing on a limited range of products. It supports efficiency and cost management in supply chain operations, as referenced in supply chain management best practices.
質問 # 23
If a shipment has a gross weight of 500 pounds and overall dimensions of 42 inches x 48 inches x 48 inches, what is the density of the shipment (in pounds per cubic foot)?
- A. 5.0
- B. 0.005
- C. 8.9
- D. 0.744
正解：C
解説：
To find the density of the shipment, we use the formula:
Density = Weight / Volume.
The volume of the shipment is calculated as (42/12) x (48/12) x (48/12) cubic feet. Thus, Volume = 56 cubic feet.
Density = 500 pounds / 56 cubic feet = 8.9 pounds per cubic foot.
This calculation shows the shipment's density as Option C. Reference: Basic principles of density calculation.
質問 # 24
Which of the following refers to a procedure whereby data are collected and compared to requirements in order to make an acceptance decision?
- A. Internal audit
- B. Inspection
- C. Process mapping
- D. Peer review
正解：B
解説：
Inspection is the procedure where data is collected and compared to requirements to make an acceptance decision. This process ensures that products meet specified quality standards before acceptance, playing a critical role in quality control and compliance.
質問 # 25
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