CTFL_Syll2018無料試験問題と解答PDF最新問題2023年11月 [Q198-Q213]

CTFL_Syll2018無料試験問題と解答PDF最新問題2023年11月

最新CTFL_Syll2018試験問題集で最近更新された355問題

ISQI CTFL_Syll2018試験は、ソフトウェアテストのキャリアを追求したい個人、例えばソフトウェアテスター、テストアナリスト、テストエンジニア、品質保証プロフェッショナル向けの理想的な試験です。また、IT業界のプロフェッショナルがソフトウェアテストプロセスをよりよく理解し、仕事の見通しを改善するためにも適しています。試験は、テスト設計技術、テスト管理、レビューと検査、テストツールなど、さまざまなトピックをカバーしています。

ISQI CTFL_SYLL2018認定試験は、ソフトウェアテストの基本的な概念に関する個人の知識と理解をテストするように設計されています。それは、IT業界で非常に人気のあるグローバルに認められた認定です。認定試験は、シラバスの最新バージョンであるISTQB認定テスター基礎レベル（Syllabus 2018）に基づいています。

CTFL_Syll2018試験は、ソフトウェアテストの分野に新しく入った人、またはこの分野で経験が限られた人を対象としています。また、ソフトウェアテストの知識やスキルを向上させたい人にも適しています。試験は複数の言語で利用可能であり、認定テストセンターでの試験またはオンラインでの受験が可能です。

質問 # 198
Which of the following is by definition a reactive test approach?

A. Requirements-based testing
B. Risk-based testing
C. Automation of regression tests
D. Exploratory testing

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
Exploratory testing is by definition a reactive test approach, because it involves designing and executing tests based on the tester's knowledge, experience and intuition, and reacting to the actual behavior and feedback of the system under test. Exploratory testing does not follow a predefined test plan or test cases, but rather adapts to the situation and learns from the results.
Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus1, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.4, page
58.

質問 # 199
You have been asked to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your company.
Which one of the following is the BEST approach?

A. Using a keyword-driven testing approach to separate the actions and data from the tool's script
B. Selecting and automating scripts that test new functionality to find the most defects
C. Ensuring that all data, inputs and actions are stored in the tool's script for ease of maintenance
D. Keeping expected results separate from the automation tool to allow the testers to check the results

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
Using a keyword-driven testing approach to separate the actions and data from the tool's script is the best approach to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your company, because it allows for more flexibility, maintainability, and reusability of automated test scripts1 . A keyword-driven testing approach uses keywords or commands to represent actions or data in the test scripts, which can be stored in external files or tables and accessed by the tool1 . The other options are not good approaches to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your company. Option A is not a good approach, because selecting and automating scripts that test new functionality to find the most defects does not consider the suitability, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of automation1 . Option C is not a good approach, because ensuring that all data, inputs and actions are stored in the tool's script for ease of maintenance makes the test scripts more rigid, complex, and difficult to modify1 . Option D is not a good approach, because keeping expected results separate from the automation tool to allow the testers to check the results reduces the efficiency and reliability of automation and increases the manual effort

質問 # 200
The following condition is given:
Integer x, y; IFx>0ANDx< 100
y = y + x; END-IF
Using boundary analysis for x. which test cases are required?

A. -500,-10,0.1,99.100.101,500
B. -1,0. 100,101
C. -1,0.1,99.100, 101
D. 0, 1.99, 100

正解：B

質問 # 201
Decision table testing is being performed on transactions in a bank's ATM (Automated teller Machine) system. Two test cases have already been generated for rules 1 and 4, which are shown below:

Given the following additional test cases:

Which two of the additional test cases would achieve fill coverage of the full decision table (when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules a and 4?

A. DT1, DT2
B. DT3, DT4
C. DT2, DT3
D. DT1, DT4

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is D, as DT1 and DT4 would achieve full coverage of the full decision table when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules 1 and 4. Decision table testing is a black-box test technique that uses a table to show combinations of inputs and their associated outputs1. In this case, the inputs are the account type, the amount entered, and the expected result. The outputs are the actions taken by the ATM system. The decision table has eight rules, each corresponding to a possible combination of inputs and outputs. The test cases that have already been generated for rules 1 and 4 are:
TC1: Account = Checking, Amount = $600, Expected Result = Process the transaction TC4: Account = Savings, Amount = Not entered, Expected Result = Generate an error message The additional test cases are:
DT1: Account = Checking, Amount = Not entered, Expected Result = Generate an error message DT2: Account = Savings, Amount = $100, Expected Result = Process the transaction DT3: Account = Checking, Amount = $100, Expected Result = Process the transaction DT4: Account = Savings, Amount = $600, Expected Result = Generate an error message To achieve full coverage of the full decision table, two more test cases are needed that cover the remaining six rules. DT1 and DT4 cover these rules, as shown in the table below:

Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are incorrect, as they do not cover all the rules in the decision table. References: 1, Section 4.2.5

質問 # 202
What are metrics NOT used for?

A. To apply to the RAD development model.
B. To identify the percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
C. To measure whether dates of test milestones were met.
D. To identify the percentage of work done in test case preparation.

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
To apply to the RAD development model. Metrics are quantitative measures that can be used to monitor, control, and improve the test process and the quality of the system. Metrics can be used for various purposes, such as to identify the percentage of work done in test environment preparation or test case preparation, to measure whether dates of test milestones were met, to compare actual results with expected results, to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of testing, etc. However, metrics are not specific to any development model, such as RAD (Rapid Application Development), and can be applied to any type of software development project. A detailed explanation of metrics can be found in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level
2018 Syllabus], pages 103-105.

質問 # 203
Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a PROJECT risk?

A. Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work
B. A computation is not always performed correctly in some situations
C. A system architecture may not support some non-functional requirements
D. Specific modules do not adequately meet their intended functions according to the user

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is C, as it is an example of a project risk. A project risk is a risk that affects the management and control of the testing project, such as planning, budget, schedule, resources, quality, or scope1. Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work is a project risk, as it affects the quality and efficiency of the testing activities1. Option A is incorrect, as it is an example of a product risk. A product risk is a risk that affects the quality of the software product under test, such as functionality, reliability, usability, security, or performance1. A system architecture may not support some non-functional requirements is a product risk, as it affects the reliability and performance of the software product1. Option B is incorrect, as it is an example of a defect. A defect is a flaw in the software product that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or behavior1. A computation is not always performed correctly in some situations is a defect, as it causes the software product to produce incorrect results1. Option D is incorrect, as it is an example of a defect. A defect is a flaw in the software product that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or behavior1. Specific modules do not adequately meet their intended functions according to the user is a defect, as it causes the software product to produce unexpected behavior1. References: 1, Section 2.8

質問 # 204
In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing, Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?

A. Complete testing of software is attainable if you have enough resources and test tools
B. For a software system, it is not possible under normal conditions, to test all input and output combinations.
C. With automated testing you can make statements with more confidence about the quality of a product than with manual testing.
D. A goal of testing is to show that the software is defect free

正解：B

質問 # 205
Which of the following is NOT a valid use of decision coverage?

A. Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a business process.
B. Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a single program.
C. Checking that all decisions are based on a numeric value.
D. Checking that at least 100% decision coverage has been achieved, as this guarantees 100% statement coverage.

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
According to the syllabus, decision coverage is a technique that measures the percentage of decision outcomes that have been exercised by a test suite. A decision outcome is the result of evaluating a boolean expression in a control structure, such as an if statement or a switch statement. The goal of decision coverage testing is to cover and validate all the accessible source code by checking and ensuring that each branch of every possible decision point is executed at least once. The answer C is incorrect because it is not a valid use of decision coverage testing. Decision coverage testing does not check that all decisions are based on a numeric value, as there can be other types of values involved in boolean expressions, such as strings or booleans. The other answers are correct because they are valid uses of decision coverage testing. Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a single program or a business process can help to identify defects or missing functionality in the code or process logic. Checking that at least 100% decision coverage has been achieved can help to ensure that all reachable code has been executed and that 100% statement coverage has been achieved as well.
References: Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus, Section 4.2.3, page 42-43.

質問 # 206
A program is used to control a manufacturing line (turn machines on and off. start and stop conveyor belts,
add raw materials to the flow, etc.)
Not all actions are possible at all times For example, there are certain manufacturing stages that cannot be
stopped - unless there is an emergency. A tester attempts to evaluate if all such cases (where a specific action
is not allowed) are covered by the tests. Which coverage metric will provide the needed information for this
analysis?

A. Code coverage
B. Statement coverage
C. Data flow coverage
D. Branch Coverage

正解：B

質問 # 207
Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: "An Integer numeric field shall contain values from 1 to 80 both values inclusive"

A. Less than 1. 1 to 80, more than 80
B. Less than 0. 1 to 79, 80 and more than 80
C. Less than 1. 1 to 79, more than 80
D. Less than 0. 1 to 80, more than 80

正解：D

解説：
Explanation
Less than 0, 1 to 80, more than 80 is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: "An Integer numeric field shall contain values from 1 to 80 both values inclusive". Equivalence partitioning is a technique to divide the input domain into partitions that are expected to behave similarly or produce the same output. Each partition should have at least one representative value as a test case2 explains equivalence partitioning as follows:
Equivalence Partitioning (or Equivalence Class Partitioning) is an software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once.
The fundamental concept of Equivalence Partitioning is that you can find more errors in a test case by using a representative value from an equivalence class than by using any other value from the class.
The input domain for this problem can be divided into three partitions: less than 0, 1 to 80, and more than 80.
The first and the last partitions are invalid, as they are outside the range of acceptable values for this field. The middle partition is valid, as it is within the range of acceptable values for this field.
A, C, and D are incorrect answers. A does not include 0 as an invalid partition. C does not include 0 as an invalid partition. D does not include 80 as a valid partition.

質問 # 208
Which of the following test organizations has the highest level of independence?

A. Independent test specialists for specific test types, such as usability, performance or certification test
specialists
B. Independent testers within the development teams
C. Independent testers from the user community
D. Code tested by another developer from the development team

正解：A

質問 # 209
Which of the following would be LEAST appropriate as part of an incident report covering the observation of
a failure during testing?

A. The expected result for the list friends response time was less than 10 seconds, whereas the average
response time obtained was 13 seconds.
B. The updates made as part of the add new member' function did not reflect the expected change as the
name was written into the address field.
C. SQL injection into the username entry field allowed a variety of SQL commands to be executed by the
application without the appropriate authority
D. The user interface was complicated and confusing and I found it quite difficult to follow the test script.

正解：A

質問 # 210
From the following list, which of the following apply to experience-based techniques? [K2] a. Test cases are derived from a model of the problem to be solved or the software b. Test cases are derived from the knowledge of the testers c. The knowledge of testers, developers and users is used to drive testing d. The internal structure of the code is used to derive test cases

A. b and c.
B. c and d.
C. a and b.
D. a and d.

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
Test cases derived from the knowledge of the testers and the knowledge of testers, developers and users are used to drive testing apply to experience-based techniques1. Experience-based techniques are techniques that use the skill, intuition, and experience of testers, developers, and users to derive test cases, using error guessing and exploratory testing1. Error guessing is a technique that uses common sense and previous experience to guess where defects might occur in a system1. Exploratory testing is an approach that involves simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution1. Experience-based techniques are typically used when there is insufficient information or time to apply other more formal techniques1. Therefore, test cases derived from the knowledge of the testers and the knowledge of testers, developers and users are used to drive testing apply to experience-based techniques.

質問 # 211
Which of the following is a correct statement about informal reviews?

A. The moderator of an informal review should not be the author of the reviewed material
B. The usefulness of an informal review is highly variable and strongly dependent on the reviewers
C. Informal review must be done by the author of the reviewed material, before it is submitted for formal review
D. An informal review has no impact on the quality of the product, just on the level of knowledge of the reviewers while Structural tests can be performed at Unit test level

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus Version 2018, an informal review is a type of static testing technique that does not follow a defined process and has no formal or minimal entry and exit criteria. The usefulness of an informal review is highly variable and strongly dependent on the reviewers, who may be chosen arbitrarily. Informal reviews are often performed as part of the development process, before the work product is submitted for formal review. The moderator of an informal review may or may not be the author of the reviewed material. An informal review can have a positive impact on the quality of the product, as well as on the level of knowledge of the reviewers.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus Version 2018, Section 4.2.1, page 38.

質問 # 212
A team's test strategy was to invest equal effort in testing each of a system's modules. After running one test
cycle, it turned out that most of the critical bugs were detected in one of the system's modules.
Which testing principal suggests a change to the current test strategy for the next test cycle?