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質問 # 29
A network administrator working in an ABC organization collected log files generated by a traffic monitoring system, which may not seem to have useful information, but afterperforming proper analysis by him, the same information can be used to detect an attack in the network.
Which of the following categories of threat information has he collected?
- A. Detection indicators
- B. Low-level data
- C. Advisories
- D. Strategic reports
正解：B
解説：
The network administrator collected log files generated by a traffic monitoring system, which falls under the category of low-level data. This type of data might not appear useful at first glance but can reveal significant insights about network activity and potential threats upon thorough analysis. Low-level data includes raw logs, packet captures, and other granular details that, when analyzed properly, can help detect anomalous behaviors or indicators of compromise within the network. This type of information is essential for detection and response efforts, allowing security teams to identify and mitigate threats in real-time.References:
* "Network Forensics: Tracking Hackers through Cyberspace," by Sherri Davidoff and Jonathan Ham, Prentice Hall
* "Real-Time Detection of Anomalous Activity in Dynamic, Heterogeneous Information Systems," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
質問 # 30
In a team of threat analysts, two individuals were competing over projecting their own hypotheses on a given malware. However, to find logical proofs to confirm their hypotheses, the threat intelligence manager used a de-biasing strategy that involves learning strategic decision making in the circumstances comprising multistep interactions with numerous representatives, either having or without any perfect relevant information.
Which of the following de-biasing strategies the threat intelligence manager used to confirm their hypotheses?
- A. Game theory
- B. Cognitive psychology
- C. Machine learning
- D. Decision theory
正解：A
解説：
Game theory is a mathematical framework designed for understanding strategic situations where individuals' or groups' outcomes depend on their choices and the choices of others. In the context of threat intelligence analysis, game theory can be used as a de-biasing strategy to help understand and predict the actions of adversaries and defenders. By considering the various strategies and potential outcomes in a 'game' where each player's payoff is affected by the actions of others, analysts can overcome their biases and evaluate hypotheses more objectively. This approach is particularly useful in scenarios involving multiple actors with different goals and incomplete information.References:
* "Game Theory and Its Applications in Cybersecurity" in the International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
* "Applying Game Theory to Cybersecurity" by the SANS Institute
質問 # 31
During the process of threat intelligence analysis, John, a threat analyst, successfully extracted an indication of adversary's information, such as Modus operandi, tools, communication channels, and forensics evasion strategies used by adversaries.
Identify the type of threat intelligence analysis is performed by John.
- A. Operational threat intelligence analysis
- B. Technical threat intelligence analysis
- C. Tactical threat intelligence analysis
- D. Strategic threat intelligence analysis
正解：C
質問 # 32
Alice, an analyst, shared information with security operation managers and network operations center (NOC) staff for protecting the organizational resources against various threats. Information shared by Alice was highly technical and include threat actor TTPs, malware campaigns, tools used by threat actors, and so on.
Which of the following types of threat intelligence was shared by Alice?
- A. Operational threat intelligence
- B. Technical threat intelligence
- C. Strategic threat intelligence
- D. Tactical threat intelligence
正解：D
解説：
The information shared by Alice, which was highly technical and included details such as threat actor tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), malware campaigns, and tools used by threat actors, aligns with the definition of tactical threat intelligence. This type of intelligence focuses on the immediate, technical indicators of threats and is used bysecurity operation managers and network operations center (NOC) staff to protect organizational resources. Tactical threat intelligence is crucial for configuring security solutions and adjusting defense mechanisms to counteract known threats effectively.References:
* "Tactical Cyber Intelligence," Cyber Threat Intelligence Network, Inc.
* "Cyber Threat Intelligence for Front Line Defenders: A Practical Guide," by James Dietle
質問 # 33
Jamie, an analyst, was asked to perform statistical data analysis on the acquired data. While performing the analysis, he used conditional probability methods to understand the data and build insights for response actions based on it.
What stage of the statistical data analysis is Jamie currently in?
- A. Data correlation
- B. Data validation
- C. Data classification
- D. Data preparation
正解：A
解説：
Using conditional probability to uncover relationships between data variables corresponds to the Data Correlation stage in statistical analysis.
Data Correlation involves identifying how different data attributes relate to one another. Analysts use mathematical and statistical methods, such as probability distributions, correlation coefficients, and conditional probability, to determine whether one event or variable influences another.
This step helps analysts detect dependencies, trends, and anomalies - essential for predicting threat behavior and developing effective response strategies.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* Data classification: Involves categorizing data into defined groups or classes.
* Data preparation: Refers to cleaning, formatting, and structuring data before analysis.
* Data validation: Ensures that data is accurate, complete, and free of errors.
Conclusion:
By applying conditional probability, Jamie is performing Data Correlation, identifying statistical relationships among data points.
Final Answer: A. Data correlation
Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):
According to CTIA's "Statistical Data Analysis in Threat Intelligence," data correlation uses probability and relationship analysis to derive insights from security data.
質問 # 34
Walter and Sons Company has faced major cyber attacks and lost confidential dat a. The company has decided to concentrate more on the security rather than other resources. Therefore, they hired Alice, a threat analyst, to perform data analysis. Alice was asked to perform qualitative data analysis to extract useful information from collected bulk data.
Which of the following techniques will help Alice to perform qualitative data analysis?
- A. Finding links between data and discover threat-related information
- B. Regression analysis, variance analysis, and so on
- C. Numerical calculations, statistical modeling, measurement, research, and so on.
- D. Brainstorming, interviewing, SWOT analysis, Delphi technique, and so on
正解：D
質問 # 35
In a team of threat analysts, two individuals were competing over projecting their own hypotheses on a given malware. However, to find logical proofs to confirm their hypotheses, the threat intelligence manager used a de-biasing strategy that involves learning strategic decision making in the circumstances comprising multistep interactions with numerous representatives, either having or without any perfect relevant information.
Which of the following de-biasing strategies the threat intelligence manager used to confirm their hypotheses?
- A. Decision theory
- B. Cognitive psychology
- C. Game theory
- D. Machine learning
正解：A
質問 # 36
A threat analyst obtains an intelligence related to a threat, where the data is sent in the form of a connection request from a remote host to the server. From this data, he obtains only the IP address of the source and destination but no contextual information. While processing this data, he obtains contextual information stating that multiple connection requests from different geo-locations are received by the server within a short time span, and as a result, the server is stressed and gradually its performance has reduced. He further performed analysis on the information based on the past and present experience and concludes the attack experienced by the client organization.
Which of the following attacks is performed on the client organization?
- A. DHCP attacks
- B. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack
- C. MAC spoofing attack
- D. Bandwidth attack
正解：B
解説：
The attack described, where multiple connection requests from different geo-locations are received by a server within a short time span leading to stress and reduced performance, is indicative of a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, the attacker floods the target's resources (such as a server) with excessive requests from multiple sources, making it difficult for the server to handle legitimate traffic, leading to degradation or outright unavailability of service. The use of multiple geo-locations for the attack sources is a common characteristic of DDoS attacks, making them harder to mitigate.References:
* "Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks," US-CERT
* "DDoS Quick Guide," DHS/NCCIC
質問 # 37
Moses, a threat intelligence analyst at InfoTec Inc., wants to find crucial information about the potential threats the organization is facing by using advanced Google search operators. He wants to identify whether any fake websites are hosted at the similar to the organization's URL.
Which of the following Google search queries should Moses use?
- A. related: www.infothech.org
- B. info: www.infothech.org
- C. cache: www.infothech.org
- D. link: www.infothech.org
正解：A
質問 # 38
Daniel is a professional hacker whose aim is to attack a system to steal data and money for profit. He performs hacking to obtain confidential data such as social security numbers, personally identifiable information (PII) of an employee, and credit card information. After obtaining confidential data, he further sells the information on the black market to make money.
Daniel comes under which of the following types of threat actor.
- A. State-sponsored hackers
- B. Industrial spies
- C. Organized hackers
- D. Insider threat
正解：C
解説：
Daniel's activities align with those typically associated with organized hackers. Organized hackers or cybercriminals work in groups with the primary goal of financial gain through illegal activities such as stealing and selling data. These groups often target large amounts of data, including personal and financial information, which they can monetize by selling on the black market or dark web. Unlike industrial spies who focuson corporate espionage or state-sponsored hackers who are backed by nation-states for political or military objectives, organized hackers are motivated by profit. Insider threats, on the other hand, come from within the organization and might not always be motivated by financial gain. The actions described in the scenario-targeting personal and financial information for sale-best fit the modus operandi of organized cybercriminal groups.References:
* ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity) Threat Landscape Report
* Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report
質問 # 39
Andrews and Sons Corp. has decided to share threat information among sharing partners. Garry, a threat analyst, working in Andrews and Sons Corp., has asked to follow a trust model necessary to establish trust between sharing partners. In the trust model used by him, the first organization makes use of a body of evidence in a second organization, and the level of trust between two organizations depends on the degree and quality of evidence provided by the first organization.
Which of the following types of trust model is used by Garry to establish the trust?
- A. Validated trust
- B. Mandated trust
- C. Mediated trust
- D. Direct historical trust
正解：A
解説：
In the trust model described, where trust between two organizations depends on the degree and quality of evidence provided by the first organization, the model in use is 'Validated Trust.' This model relies on the validation of evidence or credentials presented by one party to another to establish trust. The validation process assesses the credibility, reliability, and relevance of the information shared, forming the basis of the trust relationship between the sharing partners. This approach is common in threat intelligence sharing where the accuracy and reliability of shared information are critical.
References:
"Building a Cybersecurity Culture," ISACA
"Trust Models in Information Security," Journal of Internet Services and Applications
質問 # 40
Kim, an analyst, is looking for an intelligence-sharing platform to gather and share threat information from a variety of sources. He wants to use this information to develop security policies to enhance the overall security posture of his organization.
Which of the following sharing platforms should be used by Kim?
- A. Cuckoo sandbox
- B. OmniPeek
- C. PortDroid network analysis
- D. Blueliv threat exchange network
正解：D
解説：
The Blueliv Threat Exchange Network is a collaborative platform designed for sharing and receiving threat intelligence among security professionals and organizations. It provides real-time information on global threats, helping participants to enhance their security posture by leveraging shared intelligence. The platform facilitates the exchange of information related to cybersecurity threats, including indicators of compromise (IoCs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of threat actors, and other relevant data. This makes it an ideal choice for Kim, who is looking to gather and share threat information to develop security policies for his organization. In contrast, Cuckoo Sandbox is a malware analysis system, OmniPeek is a network analyzer, and PortDroid is a network analysis application, none of which are primarily designed for intelligence sharing.
References:
Blueliv's official documentation and resources
"Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program," by Allan Liska
質問 # 41
CalSoft is a large-scale organization that wants to establish a certain level of trust before sharing intelligence within the organization. As various departments in the organization share information frequently, they decided to use different trust models for different departments. In addition, the organization acts as a provider of threat intelligence to all connected members and organizations.
Which of the following organizational trust models should be used by CalSoft?
- A. Hybrid trust
- B. Validated trust
- C. Mandated trust
- D. Mediated trust
正解：A
解説：
The scenario indicates that CalSoft:
* Uses different trust models across departments, and
* Acts as a provider of threat intelligence to other entities.
This setup aligns with a Hybrid Trust Model.
Hybrid Trust Model combines two or more trust mechanisms (validated, mediated, or mandated) depending on departmental or organizational needs. It allows flexibility in establishing trust relationships while maintaining control and oversight across varied entities.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* Validated trust: Based on evidence or documentation provided by one party; does not describe a multi- model system.
* Mediated trust: Relies on a third party (mediator) to establish trust; CalSoft acts as the provider itself, not a mediator.
* Mandated trust: Enforced by authority or policy; does not allow departmental flexibility.
Conclusion:
CalSoft should adopt a Hybrid Trust Model to accommodate different departmental requirements and function as a provider of intelligence.
Final Answer: D. Hybrid trust
Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):
CTIA defines the hybrid model as a combination of multiple trust establishment methods used to support diverse organizational and interdepartmental sharing needs.
質問 # 42
John, a professional hacker, is trying to perform APT attack on the target organization network. He gains access to a single system of a target organization and tries to obtain administrative login credentials to gain further access to the systems in the network using various techniques.
What phase of the advanced persistent threat lifecycle is John currently in?
- A. Initial intrusion
- B. Search and exfiltration
- C. Persistence
- D. Expansion
正解：D
解説：
The phase described where John, after gaining initial access, is attempting to obtain administrative credentials to further access systems within the network, is known as the 'Expansion' phase of an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) lifecycle. This phase involves the attacker expanding their foothold within the target's environment, often by escalating privileges, compromising additional systems, and moving laterally through the network. The goal is to increase control over the network and maintain persistence for ongoing access.
This phase follows the initial intrusion and sets the stage for establishing long-term presence and eventual data exfiltration or other malicious objectives.
References:
MITRE ATT&CK Framework, specifically the tactics related to Credential Access and Lateral Movement
"APT Lifecycle: Detecting the Undetected," a whitepaper by CyberArk
質問 # 43
An XYZ organization hired Mr. Andrews, a threat analyst. In order to identify the threats and mitigate the effect of such threats, Mr. Andrews was asked to perform threat modeling. During the process of threat modeling, he collected important information about the treat actor and characterized the analytic behavior of the adversary that includes technological details, goals, and motives that can be useful in building a strong countermeasure.
What stage of the threat modeling is Mr. Andrews currently in?
- A. Threat ranking
- B. Threat profiling and attribution
- C. System modeling
- D. Threat determination and identification
正解：B
解説：
During the threat modeling process, Mr. Andrews is in the stage of threat profiling and attribution, where he is collecting important information about the threat actor and characterizing the analytic behavior of the adversary. This stage involves understanding the technological details, goals, motives, and potential capabilities of the adversaries, which is essential for building effective countermeasures. Threat profiling and attribution help in creating a detailed picture of the adversary, contributing to a more focused and effective defense strategy.
References:
"The Art of Threat Profiling," by John Pirc, SANS Institute Reading Room
"Threat Modeling: Designing for Security," by Adam Shostack
質問 # 44
Tim is working as an analyst in an ABC organization. His organization had been facing many challenges in converting the raw threat intelligence data into meaningful contextual information. After inspection, he found that it was due to noise obtained from misrepresentation of data from huge data collections. Hence, it is important to clean the data before performing data analysis using techniques such as data reduction. He needs to choose an appropriate threat intelligence framework that automatically performs data collection, filtering, and analysis for his organization.
Which of the following threat intelligence frameworks should he choose to perform such task?
- A. TC complete
- B. SIGVERIF
- C. Threat grid
- D. HighCharts
正解：C
解説：
Threat Grid is a threat intelligence and analysis platform that offers advanced capabilities for automatic data collection, filtering, and analysis. It is designed to help organizations convert raw threat data into meaningful, actionable intelligence. By employing advanced analytics and machine learning, Threat Grid can reduce noise from large data sets, helping to eliminate misrepresentations and enhance the quality of the threat intelligence.
This makes it an ideal choice for Tim, who is looking to address the challenges of converting raw data into contextual information and managing the noise from massive data collections.
References:
"Cisco Threat Grid: Unify Your Threat Defense," Cisco
"Integrating and Automating Threat Intelligence," by Threat Grid
質問 # 45
Tim is working as an analyst in an ABC organization. His organization had been facing many challenges in converting the raw threat intelligence data into meaningful contextual information. After inspection, he found that it was due to noise obtained from misrepresentation of data from huge data collections. Hence, it is important to clean the data before performing data analysis using techniques such as data reduction. He needs to choose an appropriate threat intelligence framework that automatically performs data collection, filtering, and analysis for his organization.
Which of the following threat intelligence frameworks should he choose to perform such task?
- A. TC complete
- B. SIGVERIF
- C. Threat grid
- D. HighCharts
正解：C
解説：
Threat Grid is a threat intelligence and analysis platform that offers advanced capabilities for automatic data collection, filtering, and analysis. It is designed to help organizations convert raw threat data into meaningful, actionable intelligence. By employing advanced analytics and machine learning, Threat Grid can reduce noise from large data sets, helping to eliminate misrepresentations and enhance the quality of the threat intelligence.
This makes it an ideal choice for Tim, who is looking to address the challenges of converting raw data into contextual information and managing the noise from massive data collections.References:
* "Cisco Threat Grid: Unify Your Threat Defense," Cisco
* "Integrating and Automating Threat Intelligence," by Threat Grid
質問 # 46
Moses, a threat intelligence analyst at InfoTec Inc., wants to find crucial information about the potential threats the organization is facing by using advanced Google search operators. He wants to identify whether any fake websites are hosted at the similar to the organization's URL.
Which of the following Google search queries should Moses use?
- A. related: www.infothech.org
- B. info: www.infothech.org
- C. cache: www.infothech.org
- D. link: www.infothech.org
正解：A
解説：
The "related:" Google search operator is used to find websites that are similar or related to a specified URL.
In the context provided, Moses wants to identify fake websites that may be posing as or are similar to his organization's official site. By using the "related:" operator followed by his organization's URL, Google will return a list of websites that Google considers to be similar to the specified site. This can help Moses identify potential impersonating websites that could be used for phishing or other malicious activities. The "info:",
"link:", and "cache:" operators serve different purposes; "info:" provides information about the specified webpage, "link:" used to be used to find pages linking to a specific URL (but is now deprecated), and "cache:" shows the cached version of the specified webpage.
References:
Google Search Operators Guide by Moz
Google Advanced Search Help Documentation
質問 # 47
An attacker instructs bots to use camouflage mechanism to hide his phishing and malware delivery locations in the rapidly changing network of compromised bots. In this particular technique, a single domain name consists of multiple IP addresses.
Which of the following technique is used by the attacker?
- A. Fast-Flux DNS
- B. Dynamic DNS
- C. DNS zone transfer
- D. DNS interrogation
正解：A
解説：
Fast-Flux DNS is a technique used by attackers to hide phishing and malware distribution sites behind an ever- changing network of compromised hosts acting as proxies. It involves rapidly changing the association of domain names with multiple IP addresses, making the detection and shutdown of malicious sites more difficult. This technique contrasts with DNS zone transfers, which involve the replication of DNS data across DNS servers, or Dynamic DNS, which typically involves the automatic updating of DNS records for dynamic IP addresses, but not necessarily for malicious purposes. DNS interrogation involves querying DNS servers to retrieve information about domain names, but it does not involve hiding malicious content. Fast-Flux DNS specifically refers to the rapid changes in DNS records to obfuscate the source of the malicious activity, aligning with the scenario described.
References:
SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) Security and Stability Advisory Committee
質問 # 48
Enrage Tech Company hired Enrique, a security analyst, for performing threat intelligence analysis. While performing data collection process, he used a counterintelligence mechanism where a recursive DNS server is employed to perform interserver DNS communication and when a request is generated from any name server to the recursive DNS server, the recursive DNS servers log the responses that are received. Then it replicates the logged data and stores the data in the central database. Using these logs, he analyzed the malicious attempts that took place over DNS infrastructure.
Which of the following cyber counterintelligence (CCI) gathering technique has Enrique used for data collection?
- A. Data collection through dynamic DNS (DDNS)
- B. Data collection through passive DNS monitoring
- C. Data collection through DNS zone transfer
- D. Data collection through DNS interrogation
正解：D
質問 # 49
......
ECCouncil 312-85（Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst）認定試験は、脅威インテリジェンスと分析に特化した個人を対象としたプロフェッショナル認定プログラムです。この認定試験では、さまざまなセキュリティ脅威を特定し、軽減するために必要な知識とスキルを測定します。脅威インテリジェンス、サイバー犯罪調査、脅威ハンティング、インシデント対応などのトピックが含まれます。この認定試験に合格した個人は、脅威インテリジェンスと分析の分野での専門家として認められます。
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