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Project-Management試験資料NCARB学習ガイド
質問 # 34
What is the architect's role regarding shop drawings?
- A. Issuing shop drawings to subcontractors
- B. Approving changes without owner input
- C. Preparing and submitting them to the owner
- D. Reviewing them for compliance with design intent
正解：D
解説：
Shop drawings are prepared by contractors or suppliers to show fabrication and installation details. The architect reviews them to ensure compliance with design intent and contract documents but does not prepare or distribute them. Any changes found during review may require owner approval or change orders. ARE 5.0 PjM covers architect's review responsibilities in construction administration.
質問 # 35
Who is typically responsible for verifying the contractor's schedule of values?
- A. Construction manager
- B. Architect
- C. Contractor's project manager
- D. Owner
正解：B
解説：
The architect typically reviews and verifies the contractor's schedule of values, which breaks down contract costs by work category for payment applications. This review ensures the breakdown aligns with the contract scope and allows for proper evaluation of payment requests. While the contractor prepares it and the construction manager or owner may review, the architect plays a key role in contract administration and cost verification as per ARE 5.0 PjM contract administration topics.
質問 # 36
What is a critical factor in managing project risk?
- A. Avoiding communication with the owner about risks
- B. Assigning all risk to the contractor
- C. Ignoring minor delays to avoid panic
- D. Identifying risks early and developing mitigation strategies
正解：D
解説：
Effective risk management begins with early identification of potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate or respond to them. This includes scheduling, budget, design, and regulatory risks. Assigning all risk to contractors is unrealistic; avoiding communication worsens issues. ARE 5.0 PjM stresses proactive risk identification, communication, and management as key to project success.
質問 # 37
In response to a request for qualifications for a prospective project, the architect assembles a project team of mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection engineers.
What is the project?
- A. seismic upgrades of a 1950s era hospital
- B. a new school for grades K-12
- C. a research university campus master plan
- D. the renovation of a commercial office building
正解：B
解説：
K-12 schools typically require comprehensive MEPFP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, Fire Protection) engineering services due to their complex needs-such as HVAC systems, lighting, life safety, and code compliance. Other options may not require the full suite of these services at the proposal stage, particularly a master plan or focused seismic upgrades.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - Consultant coordination by project type
Ballast ARE 5 Review Manual - K-12 school systems requirements
質問 # 38
A new multifamily apartment building is constructed using a construction manager at-risk delivery method.
The owner is eager to begin leasing units in the building and requests that the architect sign the certificate of substantial completion without listing any work to be completed.
Which party is required to sign the certificate of substantial completion?
- A. Building Inspector
- B. Architect
- C. Owner
- D. Tenant
正解：B
解説：
The AIA A201 and B101 clearly state that the architect is the one who certifies substantial completion.The architect must inspect the work and include a list of incomplete or corrective work (a "punch list") as part of the Certificate of Substantial Completion.
The building inspector may issue a certificate of occupancy, but the architect is responsible for certifying substantial completion.
References:
AIA A201-2017 § 9.8.4
AIA G704 Certificate of Substantial Completion
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - Construction & Closeout Tasks
質問 # 39
What type of contract involves payment based on actual costs plus a fee?
- A. Unit Price Contract
- B. Time and Materials Contract
- C. Cost-Plus Contract
- D. Lump Sum Contract
正解：C
解説：
Cost-Plus Contracts reimburse the contractor for actual costs plus an agreed fee or percentage. This contract type shifts some risk to the owner but allows flexibility for uncertain scopes. Lump sum contracts are fixed price; unit price contracts pay per unit; time and materials pay based on labor and material costs but usually with a cap. ARE 5.0 PjM covers contract types and their implications.
質問 # 40
After construction begins, an owner asks the architect to select a different roof material. The architect wants to manage the risk associated with this change.
- A. Place a note in the project file to detail roof options and the final decision.
- B. Write a memorandum to the owner to describe the owner's request for a change.
- C. Contact the contractor to request a change order.
- D. Contact roofing suppliers to request product specifications to select a replacement.
正解：B
解説：
Verified Answer
The correct risk management approach is to document the owner's request clearly before taking any action. A written memorandum becomes part of the formal record and clarifies scope, timing, and potential cost implications. This protects the architect from misinterpretation or dispute.
Verbal or informal changes are a legal and professional risk.
Once documented, changes can proceed via appropriate channels (change order or construction change directive).
Reference: AIA B101 §4.2.2; A201 §7.3
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - PjM Content Area 5: Project Execution
質問 # 41
When is a change order required?
- A. To approve contractor's payment request
- B. To reject a contractor's submittal
- C. To document changes in the scope of work that affect contract sum or time
- D. To clarify ambiguous contract documents without affecting cost or schedule
正解：C
解説：
A change order is a formal document modifying the contract scope, cost, or time. It is required when the owner requests changes or unforeseen conditions affect the work. Clarifications without impact do not require change orders but may be handled through interpretations or bulletins. Change orders must be documented and agreed upon by all parties to avoid disputes. This procedure is fundamental in ARE 5.0 PjM contract administration.
質問 # 42
Near the end of a routine job site visit, the architect begins to assemble notes. The owner's representative then arrives on site unexpectedly. The architect, owner's representative, and contractor discuss and resolve several outstanding project issues. The architect begins writing correspondence to distribute to the project team when the architect returns to the office.
In addition to a Meeting Record, which of the following documents should the architect create?
- A. Email Message
- B. Action Item List
- C. Field Observation Report
正解：B
解説：
In this scenario, after a job site visit and an impromptu discussion among the architect, owner's representative, and contractor resolving outstanding issues, the architect prepares to document these outcomes.
* Meeting Record:This is the formal documentation of what was discussed during the meeting or site visit, capturing key points, decisions, and general observations.
* Action Item List:This is a crucial document following such meetings, especially when specific tasks, responsibilities, or follow-up actions are assigned to project team members. It lists these action items clearly with responsible parties and deadlines, helping track progress and ensuring accountability.
* Field Observation Report:This report is primarily used to document the architect's observations related to construction quality, progress, and conformance with contract documents during site visits. It focuses on conditions observed, deficiencies, or clarifications needed, not on meeting discussions or issue resolutions.
* Email Message:While emails are often used for communication, they are less formal and do not replace structured project documentation like meeting records or action item lists.
Hence, alongside the Meeting Record, the architect should produce anAction Item Listto clearly define and communicate the next steps agreed upon during the discussion.
References from ARE 5.0 Project Management (PjM) division:
* Project communication protocols and documentation practices
* Documentation of site visits and meeting outcomes (field reports vs. meeting records vs. action items)
* Contract administration and project management guidelines emphasizing clarity in task delegation
* NCARB ARE 5.0 exam prep materials covering communication and documentation during construction administration
質問 # 43
Which preliminary deliverables are usually provided for a schematic phase submission? Check the four that apply.
- A. Detailed specifications
- B. Finish schedule
- C. Floor plans
- D. Cost estimates
- E. Site plan
- F. Elevations and sections
正解：C、D、E、F
解説：
During theSchematic Design (SD) phase, the architect develops preliminary design concepts to establish the general scope, scale, and relationships of the project components. The typical deliverables are conceptual drawings and studies that communicate the design intent clearly but without detailed development.
* Floor plans (A):Basic layouts showing room arrangements and spatial relationships are fundamental schematic deliverables.
* Elevations and sections (B):These help communicate the building's exterior appearance and vertical spatial relationships.
* Site plan (C):Provides context for the building's location, orientation, and relationship to existing site features.
* Cost estimates (E):Early cost estimates are usually prepared to inform budget decisions and feasibility.
Deliverablesnot typicalin the schematic phase:
* Finish schedule (D):This is usually developed later in Design Development or Construction Documents phases when finishes are selected in detail.
* Detailed specifications (F):These are produced during Construction Documents, far beyond schematic design.
Thus, the four preliminary deliverables for schematic phase submissions are floor plans, elevations and sections, site plan, and cost estimates.
References from ARE 5.0 Project Management (PjM) division:
* ARE 5.0 PjM study guide: Project phases and typical deliverables by phase
* AIA Contract documents and Architect's handbook: Phases of design and associated drawings
/deliverables
* NCARB ARE 5.0 Exam content outline: Schematic Design phase description and deliverables
* Project management best practices regarding design phase documentation
質問 # 44 
Refer to the exhibit
Twenty-five acres of undeveloped rural property was purchased for the site of a new elementary school.
During the DD phase, the civil engineer and structural engineers make design proposals based on the information provided in the geotechnical report. The civil engineer indicates that several cubic yards of fill material should be installed within the proposed building footprint to make up for the change in topography (was uniformly). The structural engineer indicates a footing depth of 24 inches for the entire facility. During the CD phase, the owner asks the architect to add classrooms to one wing. The civil engineer proposes that extra fill should not be installed beneath the additional classrooms.
Which of the following should the architect do before completion of CDs? Check the three that apply.
- A. Update the estimate of the cost of work
- B. Notify the structural engineer of the civil engineer's recommendation
- C. Add general notes about structural bearing to the drawings
- D. Schedule a quality assurance meeting with the project team
- E. Increase the footing depth beneath the new classrooms
- F. Request an updated geotechnical evaluation
正解：A、B、F
解説：
A). Update the estimate of the cost of work
# Adding classrooms affects scope and site preparation (e.g., fill material, grading, foundations), which affects cost. Per AIA B101 §6.3, architects must update the estimate of the cost of the work as the design evolves.
C). Request an updated geotechnical evaluation
# The original geotech report didn't account for this building extension. Without fill under the new addition, soil bearing capacity must be reassessed to avoid differential settlement or structural failure. This is a standard risk mitigation strategy.
D). Notify the structural engineer of the civil engineer's recommendation
# The structural engineer must know that the site prep differs under the added classrooms, as this could affect foundation design. Coordination among consultants is a core architectural responsibility (per B101 §3.1.2).
#Incorrect Options:
B). Schedule a quality assurance meeting with the project team
# While helpful, it's not critical or required specifically in this context before CDs are completed.
E). Increase the footing depth beneath the new classrooms
# The architect should not unilaterally change structural design decisions. That's the structural engineer's responsibility, and any change should be based on engineering analysis and revised soil data.
F). Add general notes about structural bearing to the drawings
# Premature. The structural engineer should first review the new geotechnical findings before any notes are added.
References:
AIA B101 - Article 3.1 & 3.2 (Architect's coordination & design responsibilities) NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - PjM Content Area 1: Project Coordination Geotechnical coordination practices, CSI Spec Guidelines
質問 # 45
While conducting a site visit for a residential tower delivered through the design-build method, an architect observes several construction workers without hard hats and other unsafe working conditions.
How should the architect proceed?
- A. Document the unsafe working conditions and send a memo to the owner copying the contractor.
- B. Document the unsafe working conditions and send a memo to the contractor copying the owner.
- C. Immediately instruct construction workers on which safety precautions need to be taken.
- D. Request that the contractor review safety precautions that need to be taken with construction workers.
正解：B
解説：
Although safety is primarily the contractor's responsibility (per AIA A201), the architect has an ethical and limited contractual obligation to report unsafe site conditions observed during site visits. The correct action is to document the issue in writing and notify the contractor, while copying the owner. Directing the contractor's crew is outside the architect's authority.
References:
AIA A201 - Article 3.3 and 4.2.2
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - Site observations and safety protocols
AIA Code of Ethics - Obligation to protect public health and safety
質問 # 46
A project achieves refinement and coordination in which of the following phases?
- A. Construction Documents
- B. Schematic Design
- C. Design Development
正解：C
解説：
Design Development (DD) is the phase where schematic concepts are refined and systems are coordinated across disciplines. This includes structure, MEP, and materials. While Schematic Design focuses on high- level form and layout, and Construction Documents focus on detailed drawings/specifications, DD ensures integration and alignment before detailing.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - Design phases
AIA B101 - Design Development phase scope
質問 # 47
Which of the following considerations would support the use of separate bid packages and a fast-track schedule?
Check the four that apply.
- A. ease of coordination
- B. schedule
- C. risk avoidance
- D. phased construction
- E. cost
- F. multiple prime contractors
正解：B、D、E、F
解説：
Fast-track scheduling involves overlapping design and construction by issuing separate bid packages (e.g., site work, foundations, structure). This allows construction to begin before the entire design is complete.
A). Cost: Fast-track can potentially reduce escalation and shorten time-related costs.
B). Schedule: Primary benefit-saves time by overlapping design and construction phases.
E). Phased construction: Necessary to allow portions of the work to begin early.
F). Multiple prime contractors: Often used with fast-track and separate bid packages.
C and D are incorrect:
C). Risk is typically increased in fast-track due to incomplete design during bidding.
D). Coordination is more complex, not easier, in a fast-track/multi-package approach.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 Handbook - Project delivery methods
AIA A201 & AIA CMc contracts - Construction Manager as Constructor, fast-tracking provisions
質問 # 48 
Design Firm ABC is awarded two projects, but they do not have enough staff to support the execution of both projects due to unexpected staffing issues. ABC is deciding if they need to hire staff from an outside firm to execute the projects.
Which one of the following sets of staff members would adequately support ABC's staffing needs?
- A. 2 Drafters
- B. 1 Designer, 1 Drafter
- C. 2 Designers
- D. 1 Lead Architect, 1 Drafter
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
From the schedule:
Total lead architect hours needed = 16 + 24 = 40 hrs/week
Firm ABC only has 50% of 1 Lead Architect = 20 hrs/week # Needs 20 hrs more Total drafter hours needed = 80 + 80 = 160 hrs/week Firm ABC has 3 Drafters at 100% = 3 × 40 = 120 hrs/week # Needs 40 hrs more Thus, the firm needs 1 Lead Architect (for 20 hrs) and 1 Drafter (for 40 hrs) from the augmenting firm to meet the requirement.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 PjM Handbook - Staffing plans and workload balancing
質問 # 49
The Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) method is used for a new football stadium project in an urban downtown area. After completing 60% implementation documents, the owner requests a digital scoreboard that is 20% larger than previously specified. The architect is concerned that the larger scoreboard will exceed the height limitations dictated by the city. The IPD team will conduct a constructability review and evaluate the modification of the scoreboard. Including the architect, which members of the IPD team are required to participate in the constructability review?
- A. Construction manager, owner, scoreboard supplier
- B. City planning committee (AHJ), contractor, electrical engineer
- C. General contractor, structural engineer, owner
正解：C
解説：
In an IPD model, constructability reviews involve key decision-makers from the core project team. The architect, general contractor (or CM-at-risk), structural engineer, and the owner collaborate to assess how the change affects structural loading, coordination, permitting, and scheduling. The city planning committee (AHJ) may be consulted later, but not during constructability review.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 PjM Handbook - IPD team roles
AIA C191 - Standard Form of Multi-Party Agreement for IPD
質問 # 50
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the architect during construction observation?
- A. Supervise contractor's workforce
- B. Inspect the work for conformity to the contract documents
- C. Manage contractor's payroll and payments
- D. Issue building permits
正解：B
解説：
During construction observation, the architect inspects the work to confirm compliance with contract documents, identifies deficiencies, and documents progress. The architect does not supervise or manage contractor workforce or finances, nor issue permits. This observation helps verify quality and adherence to design intent. ARE 5.0 PjM covers the architect's limited but critical role in construction administration and quality control.
質問 # 51
An architect is working on a large renovation project with an AIA B101 contract. The owner decides to contract separately with an electrical engineer and a security firm. The security firm asks the engineer and architect to coordinate the details for a new card reader access control system.
What is the first step the architect should take?
- A. Ask the engineer to provide details to the security firm
- B. Request authorization from the owner to provide additional services
- C. Provide coordination drawings to the engineer
正解：B
解説：
Since the security firm is a direct contractor of the owner, coordination falls outside the architect's basic scope as defined in AIA B101. Coordination with third parties not under the architect's consultant team typically constitutes additional services. Therefore, before taking on that responsibility, the architect must request written authorization from the owner.
References:
AIA B101-2017 § 4.2.1 and § 3.1.3
AHPP, 15th ed., Chapter 10 - Project Delivery and Consultant Coordination
質問 # 52
A key Project Manager leaves an architectural firm halfway through a project. Several days of lost productivity pass while the new Project Manager determines the customized organization that the previous Project Manager used. The new Project Manager recommends implementing new office policies to create standards and quality control methods for the entire office.
Which methods should be implemented? Check the four that apply.
- A. customize work flow
- B. improve quality continuously
- C. measure performance
- D. change the project delivery sequence
- E. standardize work flow
- F. review current processes
正解：B、C、E、F
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
Best practices in quality management include:
A). Reviewing existing methods to identify inefficiencies
B). Standardizing workflow to prevent variability and loss of knowledge D). Measuring performance to track productivity and outcomes E). Continuous improvement ensures the office adapts and grows C is incorrect as customization contradicts standardization and is the root of the issue. F is a drastic step not warranted by the situation.
References:
NCARB ARE 5.0 PjM Handbook - Quality management and office standards
Ballast ARE 5 Review Manual - Project Management tools and quality assurance AIA Best Practices - Office workflow documentation and training
質問 # 53
During which project phase is the architect primarily responsible for preparing detailed construction drawings and specifications?
- A. Construction Documents
- B. Schematic Design
- C. Design Development
- D. Bidding and Negotiation
正解：A
解説：
The Construction Documents phase is when the architect develops comprehensive and detailed drawings and specifications that define the final design for bidding, permitting, and construction. This phase translates the design intent from schematic and design development drawings into precise documents that guide the contractor's work. Construction documents include plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules, and written specifications. These documents must be coordinated and thoroughly checked to reduce errors and omissions.
This phase also sets the basis for cost estimating and bidding. The architect's role is critical in ensuring these documents conform to all applicable codes, standards, and client requirements. This content aligns with the ARE 5.0 PjM division focus on project phases and deliverables, as outlined in NCARB's ARE 5.0 Handbook and Project Delivery guidelines.
質問 # 54
During the initial construction documents phase meeting, the owner states a strong desire to decrease the time required for the construction documents phase. The owner plans to submit the documents to the building department early for the building permit. Although the project is currently on schedule, the architect plans to comply with the owner's request.
Which action should the architect take?
- A. Discuss the current work plan with the owner and offer to expand staffing and reduce the schedule for additional services
- B. Recommend to defer any decision until the documents are 25% completed and more information is available
- C. Review with the owner a reorganized layout for the construction drawing set to use fewer sheets and fewer details
- D. Agree with the owner's compressed schedule if the owner agrees to reduce significantly the time for the owner's review of the documents
正解：A
解説：
Verified Answer
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
To responsibly reduce the time required for the Construction Documents (CD) phase, the architect should discuss the staffing strategy and the additional resources needed to compress the schedule. This constitutes an additional service, as compressing the schedule requires added effort and cost. Offering to expand staffing allows the firm to maintain quality while meeting the owner's request.
References:
質問 # 55
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