[2024年12月11日]CTFL-PT_D究極な学習ガイド [Q13-Q38]

[2024年12月11日]CTFL-PT_D究極な学習ガイド

究極なガイドで準備CTFL-PT_D認定試験Performance Testingは2024年更新

ISQI CTFL-PT_D認定試験は、個人がパフォーマンステストの専門知識を実証する優れた方法です。この試験は、計画や準備から実行や分析まで、パフォーマンステストのあらゆる面でテスターの知識とスキルをテストするように設計されています。認定プログラムは、世界中の業界の専門家によって認められており、個人がパフォーマンステストの分野の専門家として自分自身を確立する絶好の機会となっています。

ISQI CTFL-PT_D（ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level - Specialist Performance Testing）認定試験は、パフォーマンステストに特化したソフトウェアテスターを対象に設計されています。この試験は、テスターがパフォーマンス問題を特定し、パフォーマンステストを設計・実行し、テスト結果を分析し、ソフトウェアアプリケーションのパフォーマンスを向上させるための改善策を推奨する知識とスキルを評価することに焦点を当てています。この認定試験は、パフォーマンステストにおける熟練度を証明し、この分野でのキャリアアップを目指す人にとって優れた選択肢です。

 

質問 # 13
Identify the correspondences between the different tools (listed from 1 to 3) and their objectives and characteristics (listed from A to F).
1. Load generator.
2. Load management console.
3. Monitoring tool.
1. It monitors, records and/or analyzes the behavior of the component or system under test.
2. It creates the load and also collects the metrics for later communication.
3. It provides the control to start and stop the creation and execution of the user simulation.
4. It aggregates metrics from the various transactions that are defined within the load instances
5. It creates and runs multiple client instances that simulate user behavior.
6. It can effectively support a root cause analysis of performance in a system under test.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 1A- 1E-2A-2C-2D-3F.
• B. 1B-1E-2C-2D-3A-3F.
• C. 1B-1A-2A-2D-3C-3F
• D. 1B- 1F-2C-2F-3A-3D.

正解：B

解説：
The correct associations between the tools and their objectives and characteristics are:
1. Load generator:
o 1B: It creates the load and also collects the metrics for later communication.
o 1E: It creates and runs multiple client instances that simulate user behavior.
2. Load management console:
o 2C: It provides the control to start and stop the creation and execution of the user simulation.
o 2D: It aggregates metrics from the various transactions that are defined within the load instances.
3. Monitoring tool:
o 3A: It monitors, records, and/or analyzes the behavior of the component or system under test.
o 3F: It can effectively support a root cause analysis of performance in a system under test.
Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Glossary

質問 # 14
Which of following statements (listed I. to V.) are TRUE in characterizing result verification and error handling in a performance test script?
1. It is not necessary to verify that the script Is doing what It is supposed to do using Indirect methods, such as a database check.
2. The scripts should always include logical rules.
3. Manual intervention may be required to carry out remedial action in the event of an error.
4. Performance scripts should be subject to quality control and testing, just like any software product.
5. The default error handling of the performance test tools Is sufficient, so no additional checks need to be introduced.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. True statements: II, IV.
• B. True statements: I, IV.
• C. True statements: 111, V.
• D. True statements: III, IV.

正解：D

解説：
Performance test scripts require meticulous verification and error handling to ensure they function as intended.
* Statement III: Manual intervention may be required to carry out remedial action in the event of an error. This is true as certain errors might require human judgment to resolve.
* Statement IV: Performance scripts should be subject to quality control and testing, just like any software product. This ensures the reliability and effectiveness of the performance test scripts.
Statements I, II, and V have inaccuracies:
* Statement I: Verification using indirect methods can be necessary.
* Statement II: While logical rules are important, they are not always mandatory.
* Statement V: Default error handling may not be sufficient, and additional checks can be crucial.
Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Advanced Test Automation Engineer Syllabus

質問 # 15
ich ONE of the following options is a specific performance risk in mobile applications?
ONE OPTION

• A. Slow data flow from sensors.
• B. Limited resources.
• C. Network congestion.
• D. Inefficient Implementation of algorithms.

正解：B

解説：
Mobile applications often face performance risks due to the limited resources available on mobile devices, such as CPU, memory, battery, and network bandwidth. These constraints can significantly impact the performance of mobile applications, leading to slower response times and degraded user experiences. ISTQB performance testing guidelines emphasize considering the specific resource limitations of mobile environments to ensure comprehensive performance evaluation and optimization.

質問 # 16
Associate each type of performance test (listed from 1 to 5) with part of a description that allows its characterization and/or identification (listed from A to E).
1. Endurance testing
2. Scalability testing
3. Capacity testing
4. Stress testing
5. Concurrency testing
1. Type of testing focused on the ability of a system to meet future efficiency requirements.
2. Type of testing used to evaluate a system's ability to handle reduced availability of resources.
3. Type of testing focused on the stability of the system over a specific time frame.
4. Type of testing used to determine the number of transactions a given system will support while still meeting established performance objectives.
5. Type of testing focused on the impact of situations where specific actions occur simultaneously.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 1B-2A-3D-4C-5E
• B. 1C-2D-3E-4B-5A
• C. 1C - 2A - 3D - 4B - 5E
• D. 1B-2E-3A-4D-5C

正解：D

解説：
The correct associations are based on the definitions of each type of performance testing:
1. Endurance testing: Focused on the stability of the system over a specific time frame. (B)
2. Scalability testing: Focused on the ability of a system to meet future efficiency requirements. (E)
3. Capacity testing: Used to determine the number of transactions a given system will support while still meeting established performance objectives. (A)
4. Stress testing: Evaluates a system's ability to handle reduced availability of resources. (D)
5. Concurrency testing: Focused on the impact of situations where specific actions occur simultaneously. (C) Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Glossary

質問 # 17
Select the option that identifies the possible causes of the degradation of a system's response over time during dynamic performance testing.
1. Disk fragmentation.
2. Network latency.
3. File repository growth.
4. Memory leaks.
5. Inadequate database design.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. True options: I, III, IV.
• B. True options: II, III, V.
• C. True options: I, II, IV.
• D. True options: II, III, IV.

正解：A

解説：
* Disk fragmentation (I) can lead to slower data retrieval times as the disk has to work harder to read fragmented files.
* File repository growth (III) increases the amount of data that must be managed and retrieved, which can slow down response times.
* Memory leaks (IV) gradually consume available memory, leading to slower system performance as the available memory for processing tasks decreases.
Network latency (II) and inadequate database design (V) are also potential causes of performance degradation, but in this context, options I, III, and IV are the most directly related to the gradual degradation of response times over time. This understanding is supported by common performance testing practices outlined in ISTQB materials.

質問 # 18
Identify the correspondences between performance measures and metrics (1 -6) and the different environments (A C) in which performance evaluation is needed.
1. Alerts and warnings.
2. Concurrency of usage.
3. Operational processes.
4. Resource utilization.
5. Response time.
6. Throughput of data, transactions, and other units of work performed.
1. Operating environment.
2. Business environment.
3. Technical environment.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 1A-2C-3C-4A-5C-6B.
• B. 1A-2B-3A-4C-5C-6B.
• C. 1B - 2B - 3A - 4B - 5C - 6A.
• D. 1A-2B-3C-4C-5A-6C.

正解：B

解説：
* 1A: Alerts and warnings are typically part of the operating environment to monitor and respond to issues in real-time.
* 2B: Concurrency of usage is critical in the business environment where multiple users interact with the system simultaneously.
* 3A: Operational processes are key aspects of the operating environment, ensuring the smooth running of day-to-day activities.
* 4C: Resource utilization is a technical concern, focusing on how effectively system resources are used.
* 5C: Response time is a technical metric that directly affects user experience and system efficiency.
* 6B: Throughput of data, transactions, and other units of work performed is relevant to the business environment where the volume of operations impacts overall performance.
This categorization aligns with the ISTQB framework for performance evaluation across different environments, ensuring comprehensive coverage of performance metrics.

質問 # 19
Which ONE of the following options represents a principle of performance testing?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. The tests must yield results that are both understandable and can be readily compared to the requirements desired by the technical team.
• B. The tests must be aligned with the defined expectations of different stakeholder groups, users In particular, system designers and operations staff
• C. The tests can only be conducted, where resources allow, on complete systems and test environments that are representative of the production system.
• D. The tests must be reproducible. Identical results must be obtained by repeating the tests on an unchanged system.

正解：D

解説：
Reproducibility is a fundamental principle of performance testing, ensuring that identical results are obtained when tests are repeated on an unchanged system. This principle is critical for verifying the reliability and consistency of performance test outcomes, allowing testers to confidently identify and address performance issues. ISTQB standards emphasize reproducibility to ensure that performance testing provides accurate and actionable insights.

質問 # 20
Which ONE of the following mechanisms is used to make the load test represent a load situation in a real production environment?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Generate load through the Application Programming Interface (API).
• B. Gradually restrict system resources during the load test.
• C. Configure environments with multiple points of presence.
• D. Generate load through the User Interface.

正解：D

解説：
Generating load through the User Interface (UI) is essential to replicate a real production environment accurately. This approach simulates real user interactions with the system, providing a more realistic assessment of how the system performs under actual usage conditions. According to ISTQB standards, using the UI to generate load helps identify performance issues that users might experience, ensuring that the test results are relevant and actionable.

質問 # 21
Which elements are the MOST important parts of a performance testing environment?
1. Test scripts.
2. Software configuration.
3. Test data.
4. The type of environment (physical, cloud-based, virtualized).
5. Hardware configuration.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. II, V are the most important parts of the test environment.
• B. III, V are the most important parts of the test environment.
• C. II. IV are the most important parts of the test environment.
• D. II. III. V are the most important parts of the test environment.

正解：D

解説：
* II. Software configuration: Ensures the software under test is set up correctly, mirroring the production environment as closely as possible.
* III. Test data: Provides the necessary inputs to simulate real-world scenarios and workloads.
* V. Hardware configuration: Ensures the physical resources are adequately represented to gauge performance metrics accurately.
These elements are crucial for creating a realistic and effective performance testing environment. According to ISTQB standards, these components ensure that the testing environment accurately reflects production conditions, which is critical for obtaining valid and reliable performance test results.

質問 # 22
Identify the correspondences between the aspects (listed from 1 to 4) and factors to be considered (listed from A to D) when selecting performance testing tools.
1. Compatibility.
2. Scalability.
3. Understandability.
4. Monitoring.
1. Level of technical knowledge needed to use the tool.
2. Correlation of the monitoring with the defined transactions.
3. Protocols.
4. Ability to generate load from multiple points of presence.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 1C-2D-3B-4A.
• B. 1B-2D-3A-4C.
• C. 1D-2C-3A-4B.
• D. 1C-2D-3A-4B.

正解：D

解説：
The correct associations between the aspects and factors to be considered when selecting performance testing tools are:
1. Compatibility: Protocols. (C)
2. Scalability: Ability to generate load from multiple points of presence. (D)
3. Understandability: Level of technical knowledge needed to use the tool. (A)
4. Monitoring: Correlation of the monitoring with the defined transactions. (B) Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Glossary

質問 # 23
(REFER TO BASE SCENARIO 2): When you refer to Base Scenario 2. you are referring to the description and only the description, without any modification.
Question specific constraints: (specific constraints are not part of the Base Scenario and are specific to this question).
Natalie has run a performance test cycle. The following metrics have been collected:
Total virtual users: 10,000.
* Status of the simulated users.
o Total number of users for whom all transactions have been completed: 89%.
* Transaction response time, o Check-in
* Response time < 1 second: 60%
* Response time < 2 seconds: 70%
* Response time < 3 seconds: 88%
* Response time < 5 seconds: 90%
* Response time < 10 seconds: 95%
Question
Given this information, how should Natalie present the results to those involved?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. The percentage of completed transactions is so close to the acceptance value that no improvement is required. The transactions associated with the check-in are below the acceptance value, a minimum improvement is required.
• B. The percentage of completed transactions is close to the acceptance value, an improvement is required. The transactions associated with the check in are below the acceptance value, an improvement is required.
• C. The percentage of completed transactions is close to the acceptance value, an improvement is required. The transactions associated with the check-in are close to the acceptance value, no Improvement is required.
• D. The percentage of completed transactions is close to the acceptance value, no improvement is required. The transactions associated with the check-in are below the acceptance value, no improvement is required.

正解：B

解説：
When presenting performance test results, it is vital to compare the collected metrics against the predefined acceptance criteria and highlight areas needing improvement.
* Option A incorrectly suggests that no improvement is required for completed transactions, even though the acceptance value isn't met.
* Option B rightly states that improvements are required for completed transactions but incorrectly suggests no improvement is needed for check-in transactions.
* Option C suggests no improvements are needed for either metric, which is incorrect as both are below the acceptance values.
* Option D correctly identifies that both the percentage of completed transactions and the check-in transactions are below the acceptance values and require improvement.
Therefore, Option D accurately reflects the need for improvements in both metrics to meet the acceptance criteria.

質問 # 24
Choose the ONE option that describes the example of a transaction. The scenario for this question is the transfer of an amount of money from one bank account to another.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Request transfer of X Monetary Units from account K to account P; increase the balance of account P by X Monetary Units. If the increase in account P has been correctly applied, then apply changes.
• B. Request transfer of X Monetary Units from account K to account P; decrease the balance of account K by X Monetary Units. If the reduction in account K has been correctly applied, then apply changes.
• C. Request transfer of X Monetary Units from account K to account P; reduce the balance of account K by X Monetary Units; Increase the balance of account P by X Monetary Units. If the reduction and Increase have been correctly applied, then apply changes.
• D. Request transfer of X Monetary Units from account K to account P; reduce the balance of account K by X Monetary Units; increase the balance of account P by X Monetary Units. If the reduction or increase has been correctly applied, then apply changes

正解：D

解説：
A transaction in performance testing involves a series of actions that need to be completed to ensure data consistency and correctness. Option D captures the complete and atomic nature of a transaction by ensuring that both the reduction in account K and the increase in account P are correctly applied before committing the changes. This reflects the principles of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) in database transactions, which are crucial for ensuring reliability and correctness in financial operations as covered in ISTQB performance testing standards.

質問 # 25
Choose the VALID description of the ramp-up concept.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. Stage of exit from a stationary state by increasing the number of concurrent users.
• B. Stage of finishing the test.
• C. Technique in which the load on the system is increased to a certain value in the shortest possible time.
• D. Stage of reaching the stationary state.

正解：A

解説：
Ramp-up in performance testing refers to the phase where the number of virtual users is gradually increased to simulate the increase in load on the system. This is essential for determining how the system behaves under varying levels of stress. The correct description of the ramp-up concept aligns with option C, which involves increasing the number of concurrent users to simulate a transition from a steady state to a higher load scenario.
Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Glossary

質問 # 26
(REFER TO BASE SCENARIO 2): When you refer to Base Scenario 2, you are referring to the description and only the description, without any modification.
Question specific constraints: (specific constraints are not part of the Base Scenario and are specific to this question).
Throughout the month of January (31 days), the company performed 3,100 departure operations from the Capital City Airport. These departure operations transported 465,000 passengers during the hours of operation, from 07:00 to 23:00.
The departing passengers (one of the most relevant operational profiles) will access the front-end of the application to check in for their flight. It is known that 30% of departing passengers reconnect after checking in to request the boarding pass to be resent or printed.
Question
How many departing passengers access the front-end only once to check in per hour?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 1,218.75 departing passengers / hour.
• B. 625.00 departing passengers / hour.
• C. 812.50 departing passengers / hour.
• D. 187.50 departing passengers / hour

正解：B

解説：
To calculate the number of departing passengers accessing the front-end only once to check in per hour, we follow these steps:
1. Total Departing Passengers in January:
o 465,000 passengers transported throughout January.
2. Duration of Operations in January:
o Operating hours: 07:00 to 23:00, which equals 16 hours per day.
o Total days in January: 31 days.
o Total operating hours in January: 31 days * 16 hours/day = 496 hours.
3. Passengers Per Hour:
o Total passengers: 465,000.
o Total hours of operation: 496 hours.
o Passengers per hour: 465,000 passengers / 496 hours = 937.5 passengers/hour.
4. Passengers Accessing Only Once for Check-In:
o 30% of departing passengers reconnect for a boarding pass, which means 70% access only once.
o Passengers accessing only once: 70% of 937.5 passengers/hour = 0.70 * 937.5 = 656.25 passengers/hour.
Given the available options, the closest correct value is C. 625.00 departing passengers / hour.

質問 # 27
Refer to Base Scenario 1: When you refer to Base Scenario 1, you are referring to the description and only the description, without any modification.
Question specific constraints: (specific constraints are not part of the Base Scenario and are specific to this question).
* The project follows an iterative and Incremental development life cycle model.
* Development approach: Agile.
Question
Which of the statement(s) below is (are) TRUE regarding how the performance test is undertaken7
1. The performance test can have a dedicated iteration in a specific way.
2. Performance testing should be performed in a cloud-based performance test environment
3. The performance test may be conducted by a specific team.
4. A performance test cycle must be performed in each iteration by the development team (Agile).
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. True statements: I, III.
• B. True statements: IV.
• C. True statements: II, III.
• D. True statements: III, IV.

正解：D

解説：
In an Agile, iterative, and incremental development model:
* III: The performance test may be conducted by a specific team. This is true as dedicated performance testing teams often handle complex performance testing tasks.
* IV: A performance test cycle must be performed in each iteration by the development team (Agile). This ensures that performance testing is integrated into each iteration to catch performance issues early.
Statements I and II are not necessarily true:
* I: While possible, it is not always the case that there will be a dedicated iteration for performance testing.
* II: Performance testing in a cloud-based environment is beneficial but not mandatory.
Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Agile Tester Extension Syllabus

質問 # 28
(REFER TO BASE SCENARIO 2): When you refer to Base Scenario 2, you are referring to the description and only the description, without any modification.
Question specific constraints: (specific constraints are not part of the Base Scenario and are specific to this question).
Throughout the month of January (31 days), the company performed 3,100 departure operations from the Capital City Airport. These departure operations transported 465,000 passengers during the hours of operation, from 07:00 to 23:00.
The departing passengers (one of the most relevant operational profiles) will access the front-end of the application to check in for their flight. It is known that 30% of departing passengers reconnect after checking in to request the boarding pass to be resent or printed.
Question
Assuming there is one boarding every 5 minutes, what should be the minimum front-end processing capacity of the system for the "departing passenger* user? It is assumed that there will be 12 peaks or maximums per hour.
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. 100 * 12 + (60 -12) * (10.42 - 4.69) = 1.475.04 transactions/hour
• B. 100 * 12 + (60-12) *4.69 = 1,425.12 transactlons/hour
• C. 100 * 12 + (60 -12) * 15.10 = 1,924.80 transactions/hour
• D. 100 * 12 + (60 -12) * 10.42 = 1.700.16 transactions/hour

正解：D

解説：
To calculate the minimum front-end processing capacity, we need to account for the peak and off-peak transactions:
1. Peak Transactions:
o Assume 12 peak periods per hour.
o During peak times, the transaction rate is 100 transactions/minute.
2. Off-Peak Transactions:
o There are 60 - 12 = 48 minutes of off-peak periods per hour.
o Off-peak transaction rate is 10.42 transactions/minute.
3. Total Transactions Per Hour:
o Peak transactions: 12 * 100 = 1,200 transactions.
o Off-peak transactions: 48 * 10.42 = 500.16 transactions.
o Total transactions per hour: 1,200 + 500.16 = 1,700.16 transactions/hour.
Thus, the correct answer is D. 100 * 12 + (60 - 12) * 10.42 = 1,700.16 transactions/hour.

質問 # 29
Base Scenario 2 : This Base Scenario 2 is used for 8 questions throughout this exam. When you refer to Base Scenario 2, you are referring to this description and only this description, without any modification.
Natalie works for a company that develops an online check-in management software for a major international airline.
Online check-in is available for passenger check-in from 24 to 1 hour before boarding time.
Once the registration is confirmed by the customer and the system, the information must be available to the rest of the types of users (flight managers, among others) in a maximum time of 3 seconds (it is expected that this temporal constraint is met in 90% of the transactions and that 90% of the transactions are completed at 100%).
At the beginning of the check-in window, there are peaks of 100 users per minute, for one minute.
Question
Which of the following options is a performance-related business objective that could be suitable for this project?
SELECT ONE OPTION

• A. The system must be able to support 200 concurrent users with a response time of one second for the issuance of the boarding pass, considering that the fleet is likely to have a very high percentage of medium size aircraft.
• B. The system must have a completion time of up to three seconds for 2,000 concurrent users for updating passenger check-in data
• C. The system must be capable of supporting peak concurrent users in excess of 6,000 users per hour for one minute, accessing check-in without performance degradation, considering that peaks must not exceed a value that exceeds the processing capacity of the system.
• D. The system must be able to support peak attendance of 1,000 users, considering that there cannot be more than two flights with overlapping schedules.

正解：C

解説：
Given the scenario of online check-in with peak user activity, the most suitable performance-related business objective would be to ensure that the system can handle a high number of concurrent users within a short period without performance degradation. Option A directly addresses the requirement to support peak loads while maintaining system performance, which aligns with the specified peak of 100 users per minute.
Reference:
* ISTQB Performance Testing Syllabus
* ISTQB Glossary

質問 # 30
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Performance Testing基礎問題CTFL-PT_D試験練習問題集：https://jp.fast2test.com/CTFL-PT_D-premium-file.html