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質問 # 15
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding early and frequent feedback?
- A. Early feedback provides the Agile team with information on its productivity.
- B. Early feedback helps to deliver a product that better reflects what the customer wants.
- C. Early feedback promotes early discovery and resolution of quality problems.
- D. Early feedback decreases the amount of time needed for system testing.
正解：A
質問 # 16
Which two of the following statements are CORRECT with regards to test automation on agile projects?
1) Every test developed for past iterations is kept and executed as part of a regression suite for each new release of code.
2) It would be very difficult to ensure high quality in an agile project without test automation.
3) Automated acceptance tests are run regularly as part of the continuous integration full system build.
4) Automated regression suites are only run for the final release of code.
5) In agile projects, the results from automated acceptance tests provide feedback on the overall product quality.
- A. 3, 4
- B. 2, 3
- C. 1, 3
- D. 2, 5
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Test automation is essential for agile projects, as it enables fast and frequent feedback on the quality of the product. Without test automation, it would be very difficult to ensure high quality in an agile project, as manual testing would be too slow and costly to keep up with the pace of development12. Automated acceptance tests are one of the key types of test automation on agile projects, as they verify that the user stories are implemented correctly and that the product meets the customer's expectations. Automated acceptance tests are run regularly as part of the continuous integration full system build, and the results provide feedback on the overall product quality12. Therefore, statements 2 and 5 are correct with regards to test automation on agile projects. References: 1: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Section 3.3.1, Test Automation1; 2:
ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Section 3.3.1, Test Automation2
質問 # 17
Your agile team is using the Testing Quadrants to ensure that all important test levels and test types are covered in the test plan.
In relation to Quadrant 3 - business facing and product critique, what should be considered for the plan?
- A. Prototype Testing
- B. Performance Testing
- C. Functional Testing
- D. Exploratory Testing
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Exploratory testing is a type of testing that involves simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution. It is suitable for Quadrant 3 because it is business facing and product critique, meaning that it focuses on the user's perspective and the quality attributes of the product. Exploratory testing can help discover new risks, requirements, and defects that may not be covered by other test levels and test types. It can also provide feedback on the usability, functionality, and reliability of the product. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 2.3.2, page 17; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, page 23.
質問 # 18
During a retrospective, which of the following items would be the LEAST effective to generate discussions on process improvement?
- A. The build process was slow and this often caused delays waiting for the build to complete.
- B. One of the testers was regarded as being both disruptive and lazy and did not contribute to team success.
- C. For the last sprint the estimated and actual effort were much higher than the team capacity.
- D. The automation tests failed frequently without any logs to help in debugging the failure reason.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to the ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, a retrospective is a meeting held at the end of each iteration or release, where the agile team reflects on what went well and what can be improved in their processes, practices, and interactions. The purpose of a retrospective is to identify and implement actions for continuous improvement, and to foster a culture of learning and collaboration. Therefore, the items that would be the most effective to generate discussions on process improvement are those that are related to the team's performance, challenges, feedback, and suggestions. Option D is the least effective item to generate discussions on process improvement, as it is a personal attack on one of the team members, and it does not offer any constructive feedback or solution. This kind of item can create a negative and hostile atmosphere in the retrospective, and damage the trust and respect among the team members. Option A is an effective item to generate discussions on processimprovement, as it identifies a problem with the build process that affects the team's efficiency and quality, and it can lead to finding ways to optimize the build process or to mitigate the delays. Option B is also an effective item to generate discussions on process improvement, as it reveals a discrepancy between the team's estimation and actual effort, and it can lead to analyzing the root causes of the deviation and to improving the estimation techniques or the team's capacity. Option C is also an effective item to generate discussions on process improvement, as it highlights a weakness in the automation tests that hinders the team's ability to debug and fix the failures, and it can lead to enhancing the automation tests with better logging mechanisms or to reviewing the automation strategy. References: ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.1.1, page 14; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.1.2, page 15; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.2.1, page 16; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.2.2, page 17.
質問 # 19
What is the main benefit of the Test Pyramid?
- A. It acts as a metric for testing progress.
- B. It helps in evaluating the amount of test cases needed.
- C. It shows complexity of testing activities.
- D. It means testing is involved early in the development cycle.
正解：A
質問 # 20
Which of the following is NOT a statement of value from the Agile Manifesto?
- A. Responding to change over following a plan.
- B. Processes and tools over individuals and interactions.
- C. Working software over comprehensive documentation
- D. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
正解：B
質問 # 21
Which ONE of the following is an example of a typical "Business-oriented work product"?
- A. Acceptance testing entry criteria.
- B. The released product.
- C. A user manual.
- D. Usability testing test results.
正解：A
質問 # 22
Which of the following allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs?
- A. Acceptance Test-Driven Development
- B. Test-Driven Development
- C. Design-Driven Development
- D. Behavior-Driven Development
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) is a software development approach that allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs. BDD uses a common language that is understandable by both technical and non-technical stakeholders, such as Given-When-Then scenarios.BDD helps to align the development and testing activities with the customer expectations and business goals . References:
1: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 2.2.2
2: ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Agile Testing Foundations, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.2
質問 # 23
Which of the following statements about the benefits of the Agile processes promoting early and frequent feedback is NOT true?
- A. Feedback from well-conducted Agile retrospectives can be used to positively affect the development process over the course of the next iteration.
- B. Early and frequent feedback enables the team to deliver the features that represent the highest business value to the customer first.
- C. Increasing the frequency of feedback and communication between all the stakeholders involved in Agile projects eliminates all communication problems.
- D. In Agile projects where feedback is provided early and frequently, defects and incorrect requirements are caught earlier and those problems can be fixed faster.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The Agile processes promote early and frequent feedback from the customers, users, testers, developers, and other stakeholders involved in the project. This feedback helps to ensure that the product meets the expectations and needs of the customers and users, and that the development process is continuously improved and adapted to the changing requirements and environment. However, increasing the frequency of feedback and communication does not eliminate all communication problems, as there may still be issues such as misunderstandings, misinterpretations, conflicts, or cultural differences that need to be resolved. Therefore, the statement D is not true, as it implies that communication problems are completely avoided by the Agile processes. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.2.1, page 9; ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Sample Exam Questions2, Question 4, page 5.
質問 # 24
What is the definition of agile software development?
- A. A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities from requirements specification to maintenance where test planning of the various test levels is done as soon as the test basis is ready
- B. A group of software development methodologies based on iterative incremental development with self-organizing cross-functional teams who cooperate to define requirements and to implement the solution.
- C. A way of developing software where the test cases are developed, and often automated, before the software under test is developed.
- D. Testing carried out informally where no formal test preparation or execution takes place, no recognized test design technique is used and there are no expectations for results.
正解：B
質問 # 25
Which of the following statements about a test charter are CORRECT?
1) It is used mainly in exploratory tests.
2) It is used to monitor a test process.
3) It may make reference to user stories.
4) It contains notes taken during a test session.
5) It is used to outline the company test policy.
- A. 1, 2, 5
- B. 1, 3, 4
- C. 2, 4, 5
- D. 2, 3, 4
正解：C
質問 # 26
Which of the following is a benefit of a whole-team approach?
- A. Enables reduction in test duplication as the testers and test engineers function as a single team.
- B. Enables the various skill sets within the team to be leveraged to the benefit of the project.
- C. Enables the team to focus on solely their separate areas of expertise and responsibility.
- D. Enables testers to execute their responsibility for quality for the combined team.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
A whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for delivering high-quality software that meets the customer's needs. This means that testers, developers, business analysts, and other roles collaborate closely throughout the project lifecycle, and use their different skills and perspectives to contribute to the quality of the product. A benefit of this approach is that it enables the team to leverage the various skill sets within the team to the benefit of the project, such as testing skills, coding skills, domain knowledge, user experience, etc. This can lead to faster feedback, better communication, higher productivity, and more innovation. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.1.1, page 7; ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Section 1.1.1, page 7.
質問 # 27
Which of the following is a risk that continuous integration introduces?
- A. Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing.
- B. Teams sometimes over-rely on unit tests and exclude some important system and acceptance tests.
- C. Teams no longer have the ability to run manual tests, as all tests must be automated.
- D. Developer's workload is increased, which can result in a reduction of output.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Continuous integration is a practice of integrating code changes frequently and automatically into a shared repository, and running automated tests to verify the integration. Continuous integration can introduce some risks to the testing process, such as:
Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing. This can happen when the code changes are too frequent or too large, and the testers do not have enough time or resources to test each build thoroughly. This can lead to missed defects, incomplete test coverage, and reduced confidence in the product quality.
Testers sometimes have to deal with unstable or broken builds, which affects the testability of the product. This can happen when the code changes introduce errors or conflicts that cause the build to fail or malfunction. This can waste the testers' time and effort, and delay the feedback cycle.
Testers sometimes have to cope with changing requirements and priorities, which affects the test planning and execution. This can happen when the stakeholders or customers provide new or modified requirements or feedback during the development cycle. This can require the testers to adapt their test strategy, test cases, and test data accordingly, and to balance the testing of new features and regression testing of existing features. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section
2.2.3, page 14; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, page 15.
質問 # 28
Which of the following is NOT a typical task performed by the tester within an Agile team?
- A. Ensuring the appropriate testing tasks are scheduled during iteration planning.
- B. Suggesting improvements in team retrospectives.
- C. Ensuring all project status meetings are held according to the plan.
- D. Working with business stakeholders to clarify requirements.
正解：C
質問 # 29
Which of the following allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs?
- A. Acceptance Test-Driven Development
- B. Test-Driven Development
- C. Design-Driven Development
- D. Behavior-Driven Development
正解：A
質問 # 30
Which tasks are typically performed by a tester on an Agile project?
1) Implementing test strategy.
2) Documenting business requirements.
3) Measuring and reporting test coverage.
4) Coaching development team in relevant aspects of testing.
5) Executing test-driven development tests.
- A. 2, 5
- B. 1, 3, 4
- C. 2, 4, 5
- D. 1, 3
正解：C
質問 # 31
You are developing the code that controls an industrial Espresso machine which will be operated by waiting staff in restaurants.
The machine is rather complicated and has lots of switches and buttons, so in the next iteration instructions will be provided to the operator on a small LCD screen.
A User Story for the Operator-Instructions module is as follows:
"As an operator of the Espresso machine, I would like to know how to steam milk, so I can add steamed milk to the coffee."
The following is a list of risks identified for this story, with assigned probability and impact.
- A. The instructions may be incorrect or appear in the wrong order. Probability: Low. Impact: High
- B. A small child may try to steam milk. Probability: High. Impact: Low
- C. Operators will not read the instructions and will try various switches and buttons until something works.
Probability: Low. Impact: Low - D. An untrained customer will attempt to use the coffee machine. Probability: High. Impact: High
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Risk-based testing is a technique that prioritizes testing activities based on the level of risk associated with each feature or requirement. The level of risk is usually calculated by multiplying the probability and impact of each risk. The higher the risk level, the more testing effort should be allocated to mitigate the risk. In this case, the risk level for each option is as follows:
A). Risk level = Low x Low = Low
B). Risk level = Low x High = Medium
C). Risk level = High x High = High
D). Risk level = High x Low = Medium
Therefore, the highest risk level is C, followed by B and D, and then A.
The User Story for the Operator-Instructions module should be tested according to this risk order, starting with C, then B, then D, and finally A.
Hence, the answer is B, as it is the second highest risk level and should be tested after C.
References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus1, page 16; ISTQB Agile Tester Sample Exam2, question 18.
質問 # 32
Iteration planning for Sprint 5 of your current project is complete. The plan for the sprint is to increase performance of the system, which of the following acceptance criteria would you expect for Sprint 5?
1) User access for all roles has been validated.
2) A static analysis tool has been executed for all code.
3) 100% of the existing regression test suite has passed.
4) System is responding in less than 3 seconds, 90% of the time.
5) A new version of internet Explorer has been included.
- A. 4, 5
- B. 2, 5
- C. 1, 3
- D. 3, 4
正解：D
質問 # 33
You are developing the code that controls an industrial Espresso machine which will be operated by waiting staff in restaurants.
The machine is rather complicated and has lots of switches and buttons, so in the next iteration instructions will be provided to the operator on a small LCD screen.
A User Story for the Operator-Instructions module is as follows:
"As an operator of the Espresso machine, I would like to know how to steam milk, so I can add steamed milk to the coffee." The following is a list of risks identified for this story, with assigned probability and impact.
- A. The instructions may be incorrect or appear in the wrong order. Probability: Low. Impact: High
- B. A small child may try to steam milk. Probability: High. Impact: Low
- C. Operators will not read the instructions and will try various switches and buttons until something works.
Probability: Low. Impact: Low - D. An untrained customer will attempt to use the coffee machine. Probability: High. Impact: High
正解：A
質問 # 34
You have been asked to execute an exploratory testing session on Park & Ride system. The test charter has been titled as "Buy a bus ticket". As a result, a number of defects were reported, the titles of which are listed below.
Which defect is out of scope for the given test charter?
- A. Payment for parking ticket is restricted to cash only (no credit card supported).
- B. Failed to buy a bus ticket after 18:00.
- C. Price for a bus ticket was calculated incorrectly.
- D. Failed to buy a bus ticket when the network connection to the Central System is down.
正解：A
質問 # 35
What is the definition of agile software development?
- A. A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities from requirements specification to maintenance where test planning of the various test levels is done as soon as the test basis is ready
- B. A group of software development methodologies based on iterative incremental development with self-organizing cross-functional teams who cooperate to define requirements and to implement the solution.
- C. A way of developing software where the test cases are developed, and often automated, before the software under test is developed.
- D. Testing carried out informally where no formal test preparation or execution takes place, no recognized test design technique is used and there are no expectations for results.
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Agile software development is a term that encompasses a group of software development methodologies that are based on iterative incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams. Agile methods promote adaptive planning, evolutionary development and delivery, a time-boxed iterative approach, and encourage rapid and flexible response to change. Some examples of agile methods are Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Kanban, and Lean Software Development. References:
1: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 1.1.1
2: ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Agile Testing Foundations, Chapter 1, Section 1.1.1
質問 # 36
You are working in a software development company which, for many years, used a sequential development model and was organized into separate departments for each functional group (e.g. business analysts, developers, testers) located within their own office space. Your organization has recently changed to a SCRUM agile framework. Which of the following is an important organizational and behavioral best practice for a tester in the SCRUM team that should have also been practiced when using the sequential model?
- A. Resilient testing means that the testing process is capable of dealing with rapid changes throughout the development process with test plans being updated during each iteration.
- B. Credibility means that the tester must share information with the stakeholders about the test process so that they find the selected test strategy and testing activities trustworthy.
- C. Cross-functional teamwork means that all team members contribute to testing in various ways. For example, involving people with the test strategy, test planning and execution as well as test reporting.
- D. Co-located teamwork means that all team members, including developers and testers, must sit together in the same office, so they can quickly communicate face-to-face.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Cross-functional teamwork is an important organizational and behavioral best practice for a tester in the SCRUM team that should have also been practiced when using the sequential model. Cross-functional teamwork means that all team members, regardless of their functional roles, collaborate and share their skills and knowledge to achieve a common goal. In the context of testing, this means that testing is not seen as a separate activity or phase, but as an integral part of the development process. All team members contribute to testing in various ways, such as:
Involving people with the test strategy, test planning and execution as well as test reporting. This can help ensure that the testing activities are aligned with the business objectives, the user needs, and the technical requirements. It can also help improve the test coverage, the test quality, and the test efficiency.
Sharing the responsibility for testing among the team members. This can help reduce the workload and the dependency on a single tester or a testing team. It can also help increase the feedback and the communication among the team members, and foster a culture of quality and learning.
Leveraging the diverse skills and perspectives of the team members. This can help enhance the test design and the test execution by applying different techniques, tools, and approaches. It can also help identify and address the risks, the issues, and the opportunities for improvement from various angles. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 1.2.1, page 9; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, page 16.
質問 # 37
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